During perimenopause apart from mood changes such as anxiety, the menopause blues and mood swings, we may also experience changes in our PMS.

Meno Martha, PMS and PerimenopausePerimenopause Hormones

During perimenopause do our hormones declined in a regular fashion?

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Changes At Midlife – Changes In Hormone Levels: Estrogen the North American Menopause Society elaborate on:

“Estrogen levels generally decline during perimenopause, but they do so in an irregular fashion. Sometimes there can be more estrogen present during perimenopause than in the past”.

Perimenopause PMS

During perimenopause may our PMS symptoms get worse?

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Does PMS Change With Age? the Office on Women’s Health,  United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov explain:


Meno Martha, PMS and Perimenopause“Yes. PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause.

This is especially true for women whose moods are sensitive to changing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. In the years leading up to menopause, your hormone levels also go up and down in an unpredictable way as your body slowly transitions to menopause. You may get the same mood changes, or they may get worse.

PMS stops after menopause when you no longer get a period”.

In Premenstrual Disorders & Menopause: Perimenopause & Natural Menopause – How May Being Perimenopausal Affect My PMDD/PME? the International Association for Premenstrual Disorder’s (IAPMD) elaborate on:

“PMDD cycling does go away after you are fully menopausal; however, during the years before and during the menopause transition (perimenopause), things can get rough for a while since those with PMDD are sensitive to hormone changes, and hormone flux increases EVEN MORE during perimenopause. Estrogen and progesterone production becomes very erratic and unstable before it declines at menopause”.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

What is PMS?

Depending on the Source (DotS), the definition of PMS may vary. In PMDD/PMS the (United States) Massachusetts General Hospital) MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health’s definition is:

“Premenstrual Syndrome, commonly referred to as PMS, is a broad term that typically refers to a general pattern of physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms occurring 1-2 weeks before and remitting with the onset of menses. PMS is common, affecting from 30-80% of women of reproductive age, though clinically significant PMS symptoms have been reported in 3-8% of patients”.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

What is PMDD?

DotS, the definition of PMDD may vary. In What Is PMDD? the IAPMD’s definition is:

“Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical, hormone-based mood disorder with symptoms arising during the premenstrual, or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subsiding within a few days of menstruation. It affects an estimated 5.5% of women and AFAB individuals of reproductive age. While PMDD is directly connected to the menstrual cycle, it is not a hormone imbalance. PMDD is a severe negative reaction in the brain to the natural rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone”.

How may PMDD be diagnosed?

In Tracking Your Cycle & Symptoms the IAPMD note:

PMDD cannot be diagnosed via blood, hormone, or saliva test. These tests can, however, rule out any underlying disorders including hormone imbalance or thyroid issues. The only way to currently test for PMDD is by tracking symptoms for a span of two or more menstrual cycles”.

Meno Martha, PMS and Perimenopause

Monthly Diary

Meno Martha, PMS and PerimenopauseMay keeping a monthly diary help?

In Menstrual Diary the (United Kingdom) National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome explain:

“A completed menstrual chart is the first step towards understanding your own menstrual health. Download the menstrual diary.

Our chart helps you to record accurately your menstrual cycle, to note related symptoms as they occur, to define when you are symptom-free, to plot your days of menstruation and to note the duration of your cycle”.

In Premenstrual Syndrome – Self-Care: Keep A Diary of Symptoms the (United States) MedlinePlus explain:

“Keeping a calendar or diary of your symptoms can help you identify the symptoms that are causing you the most trouble. Writing down your symptoms on a calendar can help you understand possible triggers for your symptoms. It can also help your health care provider choose an approach that is most helpful for you. In your diary or calendar, be sure to record:

  • The type of symptoms you are having
  • How severe your symptoms are
  • How long your symptoms last
  • Whether your symptoms respond to a treatment you tried
  • At what point during your cycle your symptoms occur

You may need to try different things to treat PMS. Some things you try may work, and others may not. Keeping track of your symptoms may help you find the treatments that work best for you”.

Monthly Diary Format

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Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with PMS or PMDD or PME?

If you would like help with PMS or PMDD or PME (Premenstrual Exacerbation), it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Living With – When Should I See My Healthcare Provider? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic explain:

“See your provider if you’re unable to get relief from your PMS symptoms. To get the most out of your visit, come to your appointment prepared to discuss your symptoms and your period in detail. Track your period and symptom history on a calendar, planner or app. Be prepared to share information about your period start and stop dates and your symptoms (including how mild or severe) for at least two consecutive periods”.

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Last Updated: 03 March 2024 – Last Revised: 03 March 2024

Endometriosis after menopause, usually does improve. However, “5% of endometriosis patients are postmenopausal”.

Endometriosis

What is endometriosis?

In Facts About Endometriosis the World Endometriosis Society’s definition is:

“Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus (called “the endometrium”), is found outside the uterus, where it induces a chronic inflammatory reaction that may result in scar tissue. It is primarily found on the pelvic peritoneum, on the ovaries, in the recto-vaginal septum, on the bladder, and bowel”.

Endometriosis After Menopause

Does endometriosis go away after menopause?

In Endometriosis Toolkit: A Patient Empowerment Guide the (United States) Society for Women’s Health Research note in Endometriosis and Menopause:

“5% of endometriosis patients are postmenopausal”.

Endometriosis After Menopause

Health Care ProviderEndometriosis After Menopause

What if I think I am having symptoms of endometriosis after menopause?

In Endometriosis: Does Endometriosis Go Away After Menopause? the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov note:

“For some women, the painful symptoms of endometriosis improve after menopause. As the body stops making the hormone estrogen, the growths shrink slowly. However, some women who take menopausal hormone therapy may still have symptoms of endometriosis.

If you are having symptoms of endometriosis after menopause, talk to your doctor about treatment options”.

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Last Updated: 06 March 2024 – Last Revised: 01 March 2024

International Women’s Day 2024 Menopause Workplace encourages Count Her In: Invest In Women. #InspireInclusion for Perimenopausal, Menopausal and Postmenopausal women in your workplace.

Count Her In: Invest In Women. Accelerate Progress.

What is the (United Nations) UN Women’s theme for International Women’s Day (IWD) on 8 March 2024?

In International Women’s Day 2024 the UN Women explain:

International Women’s Day 2024 Menopause Workplace“This International Women’s Day, 8 March 2024, join the United Nations in celebrating under the theme Count Her In: Invest in Women. Accelerate progress.

The world is facing many crises, ranging from geopolitical conflicts to soaring poverty levels and the escalating impacts of climate change. These challenges can only be addressed by solutions that empower women. By investing in women, we can spark change and speed the transition towards a healthier, safer, and more equal world for all”.

Inspire Inclusion

What is the IMD campaign theme for 2024?

In Let’s Inspire Inclusion: International Women’s Day 2024 Campaign Theme is ‘Inspire Inclusion’ the IWD explain:

International Women’s Day 2024 Menopause Workplace

“The campaign theme for International Women’s Day 2024 is Inspire Inclusion.

When we inspire others to understand and value women’s inclusion, we forge a better world.

And when women themselves are inspired to be included, there’s a sense of belonging, relevance, and empowerment.

Collectively, let’s forge a more inclusive world for women.

Read more about a definition of what it means to inspire inclusion here”.

IWD Work Mission

What is the IWD’s work mission?

In Women At Work the IWD explain:

“MISSION: Forge inclusive work cultures where women’s careers thrive and their achievements are celebrated”. International Women’s Day 2024 Menopause Workplace

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Last Updated: 12 March 2024 – Last Revised: 01 March 2024

During Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month and Menopause it can be important to note “Most cases of ovarian cancer happen in those who have already gone through the menopause (when you stop having periods)”.

Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month 2024

What is Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month in March 2024 in the United Kingdom (UK)?

In Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month: What Is Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month? the (UK) Target Ovarian Cancer explain:

“Every March is Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month. It’s our chance to put ovarian cancer in the spotlight.

In the UK, over 7,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer every year. Two thirds of women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer too late when the cancer is harder to treat. And every day, 11 women die.”

Age

Is there an association between the risk of developing ovarian cancer and getting older?

In Ovarian Cancer Risk: Age the Target Ovarian Cancer note:

“As with most cancers the risk of developing ovarian cancer increases as you get older. Those over the age of 50 have a higher risk. Most cases of ovarian cancer happen in those who have already gone through the menopause (when you stop having periods). More than 50 in 100 cases of ovarian cancer are in those over 65 years.

Although it’s not common, if you’re younger and haven’t been through the menopause you can get ovarian cancer. Over 1,000 women under the age of 50 develop ovarian cancer every year. That’s why it’s important that everyone is aware of the symptoms of ovarian cancer. This is especially important if you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer”.

In Ovarian Cancer: About Ovarian Cancer – Key Statistics for Ovarian Cancer according to the (United States) American Cancer Society:

“This cancer mainly develops in older women. About half of the women who are diagnosed with ovarian cancer are 63 years or older. It is more common in White women than Black women”.

Pap Test

Does the Pap test check for ovarian cancer?

No. In Ovarian Cancer Testing & Detection the World Cancer Coalition note:

“Currently, there is no routine, simple screening test to accurately detect ovarian cancer. Contrary to popular belief, cervical screening (i.e.: Pap smear) will not detect ovarian cancer. While cervical screening is effective in early detection of cervical cancer, it is not a test for ovarian cancer”.

Symptoms

What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? the [United Kingdom] Target Ovarian Cancer elaborate on:

Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month and Menopause

  • “Persistent bloating (not bloating that comes and goes)
  • Feeling full quickly and/or loss of appetite
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain (that’s from your tummy to the top of your thighs)
  • Urinary symptoms (needing to wee more urgently or more often than usual)”.

Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month and Menopause

 

Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month and Menopause

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other Symptoms

Occasionally what can be other symptoms of ovarian cancer?

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Target Ovarian Cancer also explain:

“Occasionally there can be other symptoms:

  • Changes in bowel habit (e.g. diarrhoea or constipation)
  • Extreme fatigue (feeling very tired)
  • Unplanned weight loss
  • Any unusual bleeding from the vagina before or after the menopause should always be investigated by a GP”.

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Target Ovarian Cancer note:

“Symptoms will be:

  • New – they’re not normal for you
  • Frequent – they usually happen more than 12 times a month
  • Persistent – they don’t go away”.

Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month and MenopauseHealth Care Provider

What if I think I am experiencing symptoms of ovarian cancer?

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: Worried About Your Symptom? Target Ovarian Cancer elaborate on:

“If you regularly experience any one or more of these symptoms, which aren’t normal for you, it’s important that you contact your GP. It’s unlikely that your symptoms are caused by a serious problem but it’s important to get checked out, even if they’re mild. Your GP should order a CA125 blood test. They may also order ultrasound scans of your ovaries and tummy.

If two or more of your close relatives have had cancer you should tell your GP as ovarian cancer can run in families”.

Who is a GP?

DotS and DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.

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Last Updated: 01 March 2024 – Last Revised: 25 February 2024

Uterine Cancer Awareness Is Now! No matter what age we are, it is important to get any bleeding or periods pattern changes, checked. Read more

Menopause vaginal dryness can result in painful sex, itching and burning and other symptoms we may not necessarily associate with menopause, including urinary symptoms.

Vaginal Dryness

What is the association between vaginal dryness and menopause?

In Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: How To Treat It? published 07 December 2022, the author explains:


Menopause and Vaginal Dryness

“Vaginal dryness is a hallmark sign of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, also known as atrophic vaginitis or vaginal atrophy. With this condition, vaginal tissues become thinner and more easily irritated — resulting from the natural decline in your body’s estrogen levels during menopause”.

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Dry Vagina and Pain During Sex the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health explain:

“The loss of oestrogen at menopause causes changes in the tissues of your vagina and vulva. This means your vagina becomes drier and less elastic, which can lead to vaginal irritation, vaginal atrophy and pain during sex”.

Common or Not

How common is vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA)?

On page one in Could Altering Vaginal Microbiome Treat Vaginal Dryness and Painful Sex During Menopause? published 25 January 2023, according to the NAMS:

“It is estimated that VVA occurs in approximately 50% of menopausal women”.

Vaginal Dryness Treatment Options

What are some vaginal dryness treatment options?

In Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options, published December 2022, the North American Menopause Society elaborate on:

  • “Nonhormone Remedies
    • Vaginal Lubricants…
    • Vaginal Moisturizers…
    • Regular Sexual Stimulation…
    • Expanding Your Views of Sexual Pleasure…
    • Vaginal Dilators…
    • Pelvic Floor Exercises…
  • Vaginal Hormone Therapy…
    • Low-dose local estrogen…
    • FDA-approved low-dose vaginal estrogen products…
    • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; Prasterone)
    • Low-dose vaginal estrogen or DHEA and a history breast or uterine cancer…
  • Systemic Estrogen Therapy
  • Other Therapies…
    • Ospemifene
    • Vaginal Laser Therapy…”.

Vaginal Oestrogen

How effective is vaginal oestrogen?

In the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations can be taken by perimenopausal and menopausal women experiencing genitourinary symptoms and continued for as long as required. All vaginal oestrogen preparations have been shown to be effective in this context and there is no requirement to combine vaginal oestrogens with systemic progestogen treatment for endometrial protection, as low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations do not result in significant systemic absorption or endometrial hyperplasia”.

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have vaginal dryness?

On page three in Vaginal Dryness: What To Do Next the (British) Women’s Health Concern explain:

“Recognising that vaginal dryness is normal and common is the first step to helping yourself. The next is to talk to your doctor, who can recommend a treatment to suit you”.

On page two in Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options the NAMS note:

Notes: Vaginal and vulvar symptoms not related to menopause include yeast infections, allergic reactions, and certain skin conditions, so consult your healthcare professional if symptoms do not improve with treatment”.

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Last Updated: 15 February 2024 – Last Revised: 14 February 2024

World Cancer Day 2024 on 4 February can remind us to check we are up to date with our screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal or bowel cancer and skin cancer.

World Cancer Day 2024

What is World Cancer Day 2024?

In World Cancer Day Theme: A Leading International Awareness Day the Union for International Cancer Control explain:

“World Cancer Day held every 4 February is the global uniting initiative led by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). By raising worldwide awareness, improving education and catalysing personal, collective and government action, we are all working together to reimagine a world where millions of preventable cancer deaths are saved and access to life-saving cancer treatment and care is equitable for all – no matter who you are or where you live”.
World Cancer Day 2024 and Menopause

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and the risk of cancer?

In Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. Is there any relationship between menopause and cancer? the North American Menopause Society note:

“A. No, menopause itself doesn’t increase the risk of cancer. Cancers are more common as people age, however. Most cancers occur in people age 55 and older”.

Breast Cancer

When does breast cancer mainly occur in women?

In Breast Cancer: About Breast Cancer – Key Statistics for Breast Cancer: How Common Is Breast Cancer? last revised 17 January 2024, the American Cancer Society [ACS] elaborate on:

“Breast cancer mainly occurs in middle-aged and older women. The median age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis is 62. This means half of the women who developed breast cancer are 62 years of age or younger when they are diagnosed. A very small number of women diagnosed with breast cancer are younger than 45”.
World Cancer Day 2024 and Menopause

Cervical Cancer

When is cervical cancer most frequently diagnosed in women?

In Cervical Cancer: About Cervical Cancer – Key Statistics for Cervical Cancer: How Common Is Cervical Cancer? last revised 17 January 2024, the ACS elaborate on:

“Cervical cancer is most frequently diagnosed in women between the ages of 35 and 44, with the average age being 50. It rarely develops in women younger than 20.

Many older women don’t realize that they are still at risk of developing cervical cancer as they age. More than 20% of cervical cancers are found in women over 65. However, these cancers rarely occur in women who have been getting regular tests to screen for cervical cancer before they were 65”.

Colorectal Cancer

How common is colorectal or bowel cancer?

In Colorectal Cancer: About Colorectal Cancer – Key Statistics for Colorectal Cancer: How Common Is Colorectal Cancer? last revised 17 January 2024, the ACS elaborate on:

“The rate of people being diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer each year has dropped overall since the mid-1980s, mainly because more people are getting screened and changing their lifestyle-related risk factors. From 2011 to 2019, incidence rates dropped by about 1% each year. But this downward trend is mostly in older adults. In people younger than 55, rates have been increasing by 1% to 2% a year since the mid-1990s”.

Prevention

What do the UICC explain about prevention?

In What Is Cancer? the UICC note:

  • “…More than 40% of cancer-related death could be preventable as they are linked to modifiable risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, poor diet and physical inactivity
  • Almost at least one third of all deaths related to cancer could be prevented through routine screening, and early detection and treatment”…

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Last Updated: 04 February 2024 – Last Revised: 04 February 2024

Your Menopause, Your Heart showcases menopause, American Heart Month in February and Wear Red Day on Friday, February 2. After menopause, our risk of heart disease can increase…

Cardiovascular Disease

What is cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Depending on the Source (DotS), the definition of CVD may vary. In What Is Cardiovascular Disease? the World Heart Federation’s (WHF) definition is:

“Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that affect the heart or blood vessels (veins and arteries)”.

Heart Disease

What is heart disease (CVD)?

DotS, the definition of heart disease may vary. In What Is Cardiovascular Disease? What are the Different Types of Cardiovascular Disease? Heart Disease the WHF’s definition is:

“Coronary heart disease, sometimes called coronary artery disease or ischemic heart disease, is the most common type of heart disease. It refers to heart problems caused by narrowed coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. For some people, the first sign of coronary heart disease is a heart attack”.

No 1 Killer of Women

Is CVD the No 1 killer of women?

According to the American Heart Association’s, Go Red for Women:

“Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer of women”.

Breast Cancer

Your Menopause, Your HeartCan CVD kill more women than breast cancer?

In Women & CVD the WHF note:

“13x as many women die of CVD than of breast cancer”.

Menopause

What CVD risk factors should every woman know about?

In Menopause and Cardiovascular Disease: Does Menopause Increase A Woman’s Risk of Heart Disease and Stroke? the Go Red for Women elaborate on:

Your Menopause, Your Heart“Cardiovascular risk factors that every woman should know about include:

  • Age at the time of menopause. Women who reach menopause before age 45 have a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease results from plaque buildup in the arteries
  • Estrogen. Levels of estrogen, which helps keep blood vessels relaxed and open, start to decline markedly as menopause approaches. With less estrogen, cholesterol may begin to build up on artery walls. A buildup in vessels leading to the heart or brain can increase the risk of heart disease or stroke.
  • Hot flashes and night sweats. Hot flashes and night sweats are the most common menopause-related symptoms and can last up to 10 years. They also are associated with worse cardiovascular disease risk factor levels.
  • Depression and sleep problems. In some studies, depression and sleep disturbances were linked to an increased risk of heart disease.
  • Increased visceral fat
  • Cholesterol levels and metabolic syndrome risk

Know Your Numbers

Your Menopause, Your HeartWhat numbers do women (and men) we need to know?

In Know Your Numbers They Could Just Save Your Life the Go Red for Women explain:

“You can’t manage what you don’t measure, which is why knowing your risk is critical to preventing cardiovascular disease. And knowing your risk starts with knowing your numbers.

Talk to your healthcare provider today to learn about your Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Blood Sugar and BMI (Body Mass Index). Your heart depends on it”.

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Last Updated: 14 February 2024 – Last Revised 28 January 2024

Māori Women and Menopause includes the infographics Maori: Menopause What Are the Symptoms? and Maori: What Is Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) and Is It Safe?

Maori: Menopause

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Maori: Menopausal Hormone Therapy

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NZ Doctors

Where may I find a list of New Zealand doctors “Who have a special interest in women’s health in midlife and menopause”?

Māori Women and MenopauseOn their website menopause.org.au in Find An AMS Doctor the AMS note:

  • “Who have a special interest in women’s health in midlife and menopause and the promotion of healthy ageing and
  • Have requested to be on this list”.

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Last Updated: 15 February 2024 – Last Revised: 12 January 2024

“‘Early menopause’ is when the final menstrual period occurs between 40 and 45 years”. Some women share their stories about how early menopause affected them.

Early Menopause and Premature Menopause

Is early menopause the same as premature menopause?Early Menopause StoriesEarly Menopause Stories

In Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Early and Premature Menopause the (Scottish) NHS Inform explain:

“Menopause before the age of 45 is called early menopause. Menopause before the age of 40 is called premature menopause”.

Support After Early Menopause Your Stories

What is the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) ‘Your Stories’?

In Support After Early Menopause Your Stories the (Australian) JH elaborate on:

“‘Your Stories’ is a place for women to share their health stories with us, to help support and encourage other women to make their health a priority too. Here is Natalie’s story.

Natalie, Melbourne, Victoria

Only hours after she was told she would have to undergo a hysterectomy and forego all hope of ever getting pregnant, Natalie headed off to her friend’s baby shower.

She and her husband had been trying for 18 months to have a baby. The endometriosis that Natalie had been trying to manage since her teens derailed their dream and the subsequent hysterectomy sent her into early menopause in her early 40s…”.

Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences

What is Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences?

In Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences – Overview, Healthtalk Australia elaborate on:

Early Menopause: Experiences and Perspectives of Women and Health Practitioners“On this unique site you can read, watch and listen to stories of 30 women aged between 28 and 51 years, from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds living in Victoria, Australia, who have shared what it is like to experience early menopause (EM).

Women talked about being diagnosed with spontaneous early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), medically-induced early menopause, or menopausal symptoms as a result of cancer and/or other medical treatments”.

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If you think you have early menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

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Last Updated: 06 January 2024 – Last Revised: 06 January 2024