“If you’re unable to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or decide not to, you may want to consider alternative ways of controlling your menopausal…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Hormone Therapy Alternatives Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Antidepressants
  • Bioidentical Hormone Therapy
  • Clonidine
  • Complementary Medicine (CM)
  • Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
  • Complementary and Integrative Health (CIH)
  • Gabapentin (Neurontin)
  • Herbal Medicines
  • Holistic Care
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Hormone Therapy Alternatives
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
  • Menopause Lifestyle Changes/Management
  • Natural Approaches/Medicines/Practices/Products/Remedies/Supplements/Therapies/Treatments
  • Nonhormonal/Non-Hormonal Approaches/Medicines/Practices/Products/Remedies/Supplements/Therapies/Treatments
  • Over the Counter Products
  • Phytoestrogens
  • Pregabalin
  • Tibolone or Livial

Alternatives

Apart from hormone therapy (HT), are there alternative ways of controlling menopause symptoms?

Yes. The (United Kingdom) NHS (National Health Service) note:

“If you’re unable to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or decide not to, you may want to consider alternative ways of controlling your menopausal symptoms”.2

Natural Products

What does the (United States) National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) explain about natural products for menopause symptoms?

In Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth – What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopause Symptoms: Natural Products the NCCIH explain:

“Many natural products have been studied for menopause symptoms. However, none has clearly been shown to be helpful. There’s little information on the long-term safety of natural products, and some can have harmful side effects or interact with drugs”.3

Mind and Body Practices

What does the NCCIH explain about mind and body practices for menopause symptoms?

In Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth – What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopause Symptoms: Mind and Body Practices the NCCIH explain:

“Only a small amount of research has been done on most mind and body practices for menopause symptoms. However, the limited evidence currently available suggests that some of these practices might help to relieve symptoms or make them less bothersome”.4

Complementary Health Approaches

What are some complementary health approaches for menopause symptoms?

In Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth – What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopause Symptoms the NCCIH elaborate on:

Hormone Therapy Alternatives

  • “Natural Products…
    • Phytoestrogens
    • Black Cohosh…
    • DHEA…
    • Dong Quai…
    • Vitamin E…
    • Other Natural Products…
  • Mind and Body Practices…
    • Acupuncture…
    • Hypnotherapy…
    • Mindfulness Meditation…
    • Yoga…
  • Other Complementary Approaches
    • Bioidentical Hormones…”.5

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Alternatives the NHS elaborate on:

  • “Lifestyle Measures…
  • Tibolone…
  • Antidepressants…
  • Clonidine…
  • Bioidentical or “Natural” Hormones
  • Complementary Therapies…”.6

In Complementary/Alternative Therapies for Menopausal Women: Complementary and Alternative Treatments the (British) Women’s Health Concern (WHC) elaborate on:

  • “Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)…
  • Herbal Treatments…
    • Black Cohosh…
    • St John’s Wort…
  • Isoflavones and Soya Products (Plant substances found in the diet including red clover supplements)
  • Acupuncture
  • Non Hormonal Prescribed Treatments…
    • Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRI) [Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Citalopram, Sertraline] and the Serotonin Noradrenaline Re-uptake Inhibitor/Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRI-SNRI) [Venlafaxine]…
    • Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (Gabapentin)…
    • Clonidine…
  • Treatments for breast cancer survivors…”.7

In NonHormonal Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms the Australasian Menopause Society elaborate on:

  • “Lifestyle Changes…
  • “Alternative” or Herbal Therapies…
  • Vitamin E…
  • Antidepressants…
  • Gabapentin
  • Clonidine…”.8

In Menopause Management the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

“Management and treatment of menopausal symptoms depend on each individual woman’s experience. Healthy living, herbal and complementary therapies (including herbs and phytoestrogens), menopausal hormone therapy, or MHT (formerly called hormone replacement therapy, or HRT), or some non-hormonal prescription medications may assist with symptoms”.9

NonHormonal Medications

What nonhormonal medications are available to relieve menopause symptoms?

The JH explain:

  • “If you cannot take MHT, other medications such as antidepressants – selective serotonin (SSRIs) or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) – and a chronic pain medicine can reduce hot flushes”.10

In What Midlife Women Should Know About Hormone Therapy Alternatives the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) elaborate on nonestrogen treatments to relieve hot flashes.

SSRIs

What are selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

In Menopause Management: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medications – Antidepressants the JH explain:

“A group of antidepressants called SSRIs/SNRIs (selective serotonin or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors – for example, venlafaxine, paroxetine, escitalopram and fluoxetine) have been studied and found to relieve hot flushes. If these medications are going to be effective in reducing hot flushes, they will do so quite quickly. Like all medications, these can have side effects, some examples being nausea, dry mouth and/or insomnia. Paradoxically, sometimes these medications can cause sweats. In breast cancer survivors on tamoxifen, paroxetine and fluoxetine should not be taken as they can reduce the effectiveness of the tamoxifen”.11

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Antidepressants the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“A low-dose form of paroxetine (Brisdelle) is the only nonhormone treatment for hot flashes approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Other antidepressants that have been used to treat hot flashes include:

  • Venlafaxine (Effexor XR, Pristiq)
  • Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
  • Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, Others)
 These medications aren’t as effective as hormone therapy for severe hot flashes, but they can be helpful to women who can’t use hormones. Possible side effects include nausea, dizziness, weight gain, dry mouth or sexual dysfunction”.12

According to the International Menopause Society:

“SSRIs are also effective, with up to a 60% success rate for reduce severity and frequency of hot flushes”.13

Other Prescription Medications

What are some other prescription medications?

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Other Prescription Medications the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Other medications that might offer relief for some women include:

  • Gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Others). Gabapentin is an anti-seizure medication that’s moderately effective in reducing hot flashes. Side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness and headaches
  • Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay, Others). Clonidine, a pill or patch typically used to treat high blood pressure, might provide some relief from hot flashes. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth and constipation”.14

Revised Global Consensus Statement

What is one of the points of consensus about the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) alternatives?

One of the points of consensus in the Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section A: Benefits/Risk Profile of MHT – endorsed by seven menopause-related organizations – published online 20 June 2016, is:

Hormone Therapy Alternatives

  • “If MHT is contraindicated or not desired for treatment of VMS, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine, which have been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), may be considered. Gabapentin may also be considered”.15

What is VMS?

VMS can be an abbreviation for Vasomotor Symptoms.

NAMS Position Statement

What is one of the NAMS conclusions in their position statement NonHormonal Management of Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms?

One of the NAMS conclusions in NonHormonal Management of Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms: 2015 Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society – Abstract: Conclusions – Recommended is:

“Cognitive-behavioral therapy and, to a lesser extent, clinical hypnosis have been shown to be effective in reducing VMS. Paroxetine salt is the only nonhormonal medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of VMS, although other selective serotonin reuptake/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, gabapentinoids, and clonidine show evidence of efficacy”.16

In Hot Flash Relief Without Hormones the author notes about the NonHormonal Management of Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms: 2015 Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society:

“The NAMS panel found solid evidence that a few therapies do work, including two behavioral approaches (a combination behavioral approach and clinical hypnosis) and certain nonhormonal prescription medications. Other lifestyle and behavioral approaches, treatments, and a supplement under study (S-equol) look beneficial, but the evidence is not as strong”.17

Bioidentical Hormone Therapy

What is one of the points of consensus about the use of custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy?

One of the points of consensus in the Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section B: General Principles Governing the Use of MHT is:

  • “The use of custom-compounded hormone therapy is not recommended because of lack of regulation, rigorous safety and efficacy testing, batch standardization, and purity measures”.18

In Is It Really ‘FDA Approved?’ FDA Doesn’t Approve Compounded Drugs the (United States) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) caution:

“Compounding is generally a practice in which a pharmacist or a doctor combines ingredients to create medications that meet the needs of individual patients, including those who are allergic to ingredients in FDA-approved medicines or who cannot swallow an FDA-approved pill. But consumers need to be aware that compounded drugs are not FDA approved. This means that FDA does not review applications for compounded drugs to evaluate their safety, effectiveness, or quality”.19

Questions To Ask

What may be questions to ask about HT alternatives?

In Alternative Medicine for Menopause Treatment: Questions To Ask Your Healthcare Team the (United States) Hormone Health Network include:

  • “Which lifestyle changes can I make that will decrease my menopause symptoms without medicine?
  • Are there any alternative medicine treatments you would recommend I try for relief of my menopause symptoms?
  • Are there any alternative medicines I should not use because they could interfere with medicines I take?
  • Does my health insurance plan cover the cost of any alternative medicine treatments?
  • Should I see an endocrinologist to help me with my menopause symptoms?”20

In the NICE Guideline Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause published in November 2015, the (British) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), include these and more questions to ask about Treatment for Menopausal Symptoms:

  • “What types of treatments are suitable for my symptoms?
  • What are the benefits and risks of different treatments?
  • Are there any complementary therapies that could help?
  • I use complementary therapies for my symptoms – are these safe to take alongside other treatments?…”.21

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out about HT alternatives?

If you would like to find out about HT alternatives, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

In Complementary/Alternative Therapies for Menopausal Women the WHC caution:

“One of the powerful messages coming from the NICE Guidelines is that herbal remedies which are not regulated by a medicine authority should not be considered safer, as there is so much variety in their effectiveness and potency and that there may be significant side effects. The same warning is given for bio-identical hormones which are compounded and again not regulated or subject to quality control”.22

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics related to Hormone Therapy Alternatives?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy Alternatives?

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Links

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  1. 9 Myths and Misunderstandings About Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): 6. Myth – Complementary Medicines and Therapies Are As Effective As MHT and Safer
  2. 9 Myths and Misunderstandings About Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): 7. Myth – Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy Is Safer Than Conventional MHT
  3. Alternative Medicine for Menopause Treatment
  4. Bioidentical Custom Compounded Hormone Therapy
  5. Bioidentical Hormone Therapy
  6. Bioidentical Hormones Explained – A British Menopause Society Video
  7. Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
  8. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for Menopausal Symptoms
  9. Complementary Medicine Options for Menopausal Symptoms
  10. Complementary and Alternative Therapies Explained – A British Menopause Society Video
  11. Hormone Therapy AlternativesComplementary and Herbal Therapies for Hot Flushes | New: January 2018
  12. Complementary/Alternative Therapies for Menopausal Women
  13. Compounding Interests: The Risks of Bioidentical Hormones
  14. Deciding About Hormone Therapy
  15. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  16. Decidir Sobre La Hormonoterapia
  17. Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know
  18. Does Hormone Replacement Therapy Increase Cancer Risk? Does HRT Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer?
  19. Early Menopause: Experiences and Perspectives of Women and Health Practitioners – Women’s Profiles
  20. Effectiveness of Natural Therapies
  21. FDA 101: Dietary Supplements
  22. Fact Sheets and Downloads: Additional Downloadable Resources – Vaginal Estrogen Therapy
  23. HRT and Alternatives
  24. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Explained – A British Menopause Society Video
  25. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Alternatives
  26. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
  27. Hot Flash Relief Without Hormones
  28. Hot Flashes: Manage Without Medication?
  29. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do?
  30. Hot Stuff: What’s New About Hot Flashes?
  31. Information About Menopause [Multiply Languages] [Videos]
  32. Information for Consumers on Using Dietary Supplements
  33. Integrative Medicine: Evaluate CAM Claims
  34. Hormone Therapy AlternativesIs It Really ‘FDA Approved?’
  35. Lifestyle and Behaviour Changes for Menopausal Symptoms
  36. Lifestyle and Behavioural Modifications for Menopausal Symptoms
  37. Making Sense of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Means Understanding the Benefits As Well As the Risks
  38. Managing Menopausal Symptoms After Breast Cancer – A Guide for Women [Booklet]
  39. Managing Menopause: Don’t Let Symptoms of Menopause Reduce Your Quality of Life
  40. Mayo Clinic Minute: What Is Integrative Health and How Can It Help? [+ Video]
  41. Mayo Mindfulness: What Does It Really Mean? [+ Video]
  42. Menopause
  43. Menopause
  44. Menopause & Herbs
  45. Menopause FAQs: Expert Answers To Frequently Asked Questions About Menopause
  46. Menopause FAQs: Hot Flashes – Q. Is it safe to take dietary supplements or herbal therapies for my menopause symptoms?
  47. Menopause In the New Millennium
  48. Menopause Map
  49. Menopause Symptoms and Relief
  50. Menopause Treatment
  51. Menopause Treatment
  52. Menopause What Are the Symptoms?
  53. Menopause – Complementary Therapies [Multiply Languages] [Video]
  54. Menopause – Is Menopausal Hormone Therapy (HRT) Safe? [Multiply Languages] [Video]
  55. Menopause – Non-Hormonal Treatment Options [Multiply Languages] [Video]
  56. Menopause – What is Menopausal Hormone Therapy (HRT)? [Multiply Languages] [Video]
  57. Menopause: Complementary Therapies for Menopausal Symptoms [Video Interview Stories]
  58. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment
  59. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause [NICE Guideline]
  60. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Treating Menopausal Symptoms – Non-Prescribed Treatments [NICE Guideline]
  61. Menopause: Menopause – Hormone Treatments
  62. Menopause: Non-HRT and Lifestyle Options [Video Interview Stories]
  63. Menopause: Non-Hormonal Treatment & Relief for Hot Flashes
  64. Menopause: Questions for the Doctor
  65. Mindfulness May Ease Menopausal Symptoms
  66. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: 4 Things To Know About Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices
  67. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  68. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  69. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth: What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopausal Symptoms
  70. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Menopause
  71. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Mind and Body Practices
  72. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Natural Doesn’t Necessarily Mean Safer, or Better
  73. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Understanding Drug-Supplement Interactions
  74. Natural Remedies for Hot Flashes: Do Mother Nature’s Treatments Help Hot Flashes?
  75. Natural Therapies
  76. Natural Therapies & SupplementsHormone Therapy Alternatives
  77. Non-Hormonal Treatment Options for Menopausal Symptoms
  78. NonHormonal Management of Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms: 2015 Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society
  79. NonHormonal Treatment for Menopausal Symptoms
  80. Office of Dietary Supplements: Black Cohosh
  81. Office of Dietary Supplements: Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets
  82. Phytoestrogens
  83. Prescribable Alternatives To HRT
  84. Risks and Benefits of MHT/HRT
  85. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  86. Sex and Menopause: Treatment for Symptoms
  87. The Menopause Years: FAQs
  88. Understanding Menopause [Booklet]
  89. Urogenital Problems
  90. Vaginal Dryness
  91. Vaginal Dryness Alternative Treatments
  92. Video Series-2018 – Moisturizers, Lubricants, and Prasterone
  93. Video Series-2018 – Nonhormone Prescription Options for Hot Flashes
  94. Video Series-2018 – The Truth About Nonpharmacologic Options for Hot Flashes
  95. What Is Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) and Is It Safe?
  96. What Is Menopause?
  97. What Midlife Women Should Know About Hormone Therapy Alternatives
  98. Women Can Breathe Sigh of Relief When Using Vaginal Estrogen To Treat Menopause Symptoms
  99. Women’s Wellness: Mindfulness May Ease Menopausal Symptoms
  100. Women’s Wellness: Treating Hot Flashes and Night Sweats Without Hormones [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted above?

You may find the Sources at:

Sources

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  2. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Alternatives. Page Last Reviewed: 09 September 2019. NHS (National Health Service) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/alternatives/ Accessed: 04 January 2020
  3. Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth – What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopause Symptoms: Natural Products. Last Updated: May 2017. This Page Last Modified 27 March 2018. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health https://nccih.nih.gov/health/menopause/menopausesymptoms#hed3 Accessed: 04 January 2020
  4. Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth – What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopause Symptoms: Mind and Body Practices. Last Updated: May 2017. This Page Last Modified 27 March 2018. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health https://nccih.nih.gov/health/menopause/menopausesymptoms#hed3 Accessed: 04 January 2020
  5. Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth – What the Science Says About Complementary Health Approaches for Menopause Symptoms. Last Updated: May 2017. This Page Last Modified 27 March 2018. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health https://nccih.nih.gov/health/menopause/menopausesymptoms#hed3 Accessed: 04 January 2020
  6. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Alternatives. Page Last Reviewed: 09 September 2019. NHS (National Health Service) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/alternatives/ Accessed: 04 January 2020
  7. Complementary/Alternative Therapies for Menopausal Women: Complementary and Alternative Treatments. Reviewed: August 2017. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/complementaryalternative-therapies-menopausal-women/ Accessed: 04 January 2020
  8. NonHormonal Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms. Content Updated: September 2018. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/600-nonhormonal-treatments-for-menopausal-symptoms Accessed: 04 January 2020
  9. Menopause Management. Last Updated 13 December 2019 — Last Reviewed 17 December 2017. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 04 January 2020
  10. Menopause: What Can You Do To Help With Menopause? Updated September 2018:2. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/contents/documents/Resources/Fact_sheets/Menopause.pdf Accessed: 04 January 2020
  11. Menopause Management: Non Hormonal Prescription Medications: Antidepressants. Last Updated 13 December 2019 — Last Reviewed 17 December 2017. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 04 January 2020
  12. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Antidepressants. 10 February 2018. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 04 January 2020
  13. Hot Flushes and Night Sweats – Background Information: What Are Effective Treatments? October 2011:2. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/downloads/world_menopause_day_2011/wmd_media_backgrounder.pdf Accessed: 04 January 2020
  14. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Other Prescription Medications. 10 February 2018. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 04 January 2020
  15. De Villiers, T. J., Hall, J. E., Pinkerton, J. V., Pérez, S. C., Rees, M., Yang, C. and Pierroz, D. D. Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section A: Benefit/Risk Profile of MHT. Climacteric, 2016;19:4:313 https://www.imsociety.org/manage/images/pdf/ba6379e868044bec13015ac2b84f2753.pdf Accessed: 04 January 2020
  16. NonHormonal Management of Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms: 2015 Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society – Abstract: Conclusions – Recommended. Menopause, Vol. 22, No. 11, 2015:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/pap-pdf-meno-d-15-00241-minus-trim-cme.pdf Accessed: 04 January 2020
  17. Utian, W. Hot Flash Relief Without Hormones. 24 September 2015 https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-take-time-to-think-about-it/consumers/2015/09/24/hot-flash-relief-without-hormones Accessed: 04 January 2020
  18. De Villiers, T. J., Hall, J. E., Pinkerton, J. V., Pérez, S. C., Rees, M., Yang, C. and Pierroz, D. D. Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section B: General Principles Governing the Use of MHT. Climacteric, 2016;19:4:314  https://www.imsociety.org/manage/images/pdf/ba6379e868044bec13015ac2b84f2753.pdf Accessed: 04 January 2020
  19. Is It Really ‘FDA Approved?’ FDA Doesn’t Approve Compounded Drugs. Content Current As of: 17 January 2017.  Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm047470.htm Accessed: 04 January 2020
  20. Alternative Medicine for Menopause Treatment: Questions To Ask Your Healthcare Team. Hormone Health Network https://www.hormone.org/diseases-and-conditions/menopause/menopause-treatment/alternative-medicine-for-menopause-treatment Accessed: 04 January 2020
  21. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause. Treatment for Menopausal Symptoms. Published Date: November 2015. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG23/ifp/chapter/Questions-to-ask-about-menopause Accessed: 04 January 2020
  22. Complementary/Alternative Therapies for Menopausal Women. Reviewed: August 2017. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/complementaryalternative-therapies-menopausal-women/ Accessed: 04 January 2020
Topic Last Updated: 18 January 2020 – Topic Last Reviewed: 04 January 2020
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