“There are many ways to treat hot flushes and vaginal
dryness, but no other treatment has been shown to be
as effective as oestrogen replacement therapy”.¹

Umbrella
What may the Hot Flushes Treatment Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

Cure or Not

Does hot flushes treatment cure hot flushes?

In Menopause FAQs: Hot Flashes – Q. Are there treatments for hot flashes? the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) elaborate on:

“A. Although the available treatments for hot flashes do not cure hot flashes, they do offer relief. Hot flashes usually fade away eventually without treatment, and no treatment is necessary unless hot flashes are bothersome. A few women have an occasional hot flash forever. There are a number of low-risk coping strategies and lifestyle changes that may be helpful for managing hot flashes, but if hot flashes remain very disruptive, prescription drug therapy may be considered”.²

Hormone Therapy

Is menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) an effective hot flushes treatment?

One of the International Menopause Society’s (IMS) governing principles in the 2016 IMS Recommendations on Women’s Midlife Health and Menopause Hormone Therapy: IMS Governing Principles on MHT published online 12 February 2016, is:

What are vasomotor symptoms?

The NAMS explain:

“Vasomotor symptoms. Also known as hot flashes and night sweats, common symptoms during perimenopause and early postmenopause”.⁴

What is urogenital atrophy?

Urogenital atrophy, atrophic vaginitis or the genito-urinary syndrome of menopause may include changes to a woman’s urinary system and vagina, such as vaginal atrophy and vaginal dryness.

Most Effective

Is MHT the most effective hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause Management: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – How Does MHT Work? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) note:

“There are many ways to treat hot flushes and vaginal dryness, but no other treatment has been shown to be as effective as oestrogen replacement therapy”.⁵

Uterus

What HT may women who have a uterus be prescribed for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms – Q. What is hormone therapy? the NAMS elaborate on:

“A. …Women who still have a uterus need to take a progestogen in addition to estrogen or the estrogen-SERM combination to protect against uterine cancer”.⁶

What is another FDA-approved HT women who have a uterus may be prescribed for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause FAQs: Hot Flashes – Q. Are there treatments for hot flashes? according to the NAMS:

“A. …Another FDA-approved hormone product for women with a uterus combines estrogen with the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) bazedoxifene instead of a progestogen. Bazedoxifene is an estrogen agonist/antagonist, which means that it works like estrogen in some tissues while inhibiting estrogen activity in others. In this case, it helps to protect the uterus from cancer”.⁷

No Uterus

What HT may women who do not have a uterus be prescribed for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms – Q. What is hormone therapy? the NAMS elaborate on:

“A. …Women who have had a hysterectomy (had their uterus removed) can use estrogen alone to control their hot flashes”.⁸

Hormone Therapy Alternatives

Are HT alternatives available for hot flushes treatment?

In NonHormonal Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms the Australasian Menopause Society elaborate on:

“Many women request non-hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms”.⁹

On page two in Menopause: What Can You Do To Help With the Menopause? the JH note:

Antidepressants

What are a group of antidepressants called SSRIs/SNRIs?

In Menopause Management: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medications – Antidepressants the JH explain:

“A group of antidepressants called SSRIs/SNRIs (selective serotonin or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors – for example, venlafaxine, paroxetine, escitalopram and fluoxetine) have been studied and found to relieve hot flushes. If these medications are going to be effective in reducing hot flushes, they will do so quite quickly. Like all medications, these can have side effects, some examples being nausea, dry mouth and/or insomnia. Paradoxically, sometimes these medications can cause sweats. In breast cancer survivors on tamoxifen, paroxetine and fluoxetine should not be taken as they can reduce the effectiveness of the tamoxifen”.¹¹

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatments: Antidepressants the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

The Mayo Clinic also note:

One of the points of consensus about in the Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy – endorsed by seven menopause-related organizations – published online 20 June 2016, is:

Gabapentin

What is Gabapentin?

In Menopause Management: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medications – Gabapentin the JH explain:

“Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant and chronic pain medication and has been shown to diminish hot flushes. Side effects may include a rash, dizziness and sleepiness, so it should be taken mainly at night”.¹⁵

Clonidine

What is Clonidine?

In Menopause Management: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medications – Clonidine the JH explain:

“Clonidine is a medication for high blood pressure and migraine that has been shown to reduce hot flushes. Side effects may include dry mouth, dizziness and drowsiness”.¹⁶

Complementary and Integrative Health

How effective are complementary and integrative health approaches for hot flushes treatment?

In 4 Things To Know About Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices. 2 the (United States) National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) elaborate on:

“Many natural products, such as black cohosh, soy isoflavone supplements, and DHEA, have been studied for their effects on menopausal symptoms, but scientists have found little evidence that they are helpful. There is also no conclusive evidence that the herbs red clover, kava, or dong quai reduce hot flashes”.¹⁷

In Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Managing Your Symptoms – Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the (British) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE) elaborate on:

“Some women find that the dietary supplements black cohosh and isoflavones can reduce their hot flushes and night sweats. However, the ingredients of these products may vary and their safety is unknown. They may also interfere with any other medicines you are taking”.¹⁸

Mind-Body Therapies

How effective are mind-body therapies for hot flushes treatment?

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Lifestyle and Home Remedies the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

St John’s Wort

Can St John’s wort used for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Treating Menopausal Symptoms – Non-Prescribed Treatments: St John’s Wort the NICE explain:

“Some women have found St John’s wort can reduce their hot flushes and night sweats during menopause. However, the ingredients of products containing St John’s wort may vary and their effects are uncertain. Also, these products can interfere with other drugs, including those used to treat breast cancer (for example, tamoxifen)”.²⁰

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my hot flushes treatment?

If you would like help with your hot flushes, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The Mayo Clinic note:

“If hot flashes affect your daily activities or nighttime sleep, consider seeing your doctor to discuss treatment options”.²¹

In Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? Treating Menopause Symptoms – What’s Right for Me? the (United States) National Institute on Aging elaborate on:

In 4 Things To Know About Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices. 4 the NCCIH remind us:

“Tell all your health care providers about any complementary health practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care”.²³

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Topic Last Updated: 10 February 2022 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 January 2022