“In 2023 the global female population is over 4 billion.
Women form a large part of workforces worldwide,
and many will be working throughout their…”.1
Umbrella
What may the Menopause and the Workplace Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
- Menopause and the Workplace
- Menopause in the Workplace
Menopause Workplace
What do the Australian Menopause Society (AMS) explain about Menopause and the Workplace?
In Menopause and the Workplace the AMS explain:

Employers who make workplaces responsive to gender and diversity will be better able to attract and retain skilled and talented staff. Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues in workplaces”.2
EMAS Menopause In the Workplace
What is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s EMAS Menopause In the Workplace?
In EMAS Menopause In the Workplace the EMAS explain:
Women with severe menopause symptoms may exit employment or reduce their working hours, with a negative effect on income and security in later life. For employers, this means the loss of experienced staff with valuable skills and talent.
Thus, EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of the wider context of gender and age equality and reproductive and post-reproductive health”.3
Menopause and the Workplace Links
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.Menopause and the Workplace Links
- EMAS In the Workplace
- Evaluation of A Workplace Educational Intervention on Menopause: A Quasi-Experimental Study
- How To Design Menopause Leave Policies That Really Support Women In the Workplace [12 September 2023]
- Prof. Kathleen Riach – Menopause and Work
- World Menopause and Work Day Webinar: Menopause In the Workplace After COVID [07 September 2023]
- Working Well: Mitigating the Impact of Menopause In the Workplace. An Evidence Review
- A Study on Women’s Health Information Needs In Menopausal Age
- Addressing Menopause In the Workplace
- An Evaluation of Demographic Characteristics and Workplace Experiences of UK Employees Using An Employer-Provided Menopause Application
- An Invisible Cohort: Why Are Workplaces Failing Women Going Through Menopause?
- An Overview of Menopause, and Why This Should Feature Within Pre-Registration Education
- BS 30416, Menstruation, Menstrual Health and Menopause In the Workplace [British Standard
- BWHI Fair Work Initiative [Black Women’s Health Imperative, United States]
- Breaking the Menopause Taboo In the Civil Service
- Business Network Briefing: Why Menopause Is A Workplace Issue [Video]
- Challenging the Culture on Menopause for Working Doctors Report
- Civil Service Launches Menopause Policy To Support Staff [Northern Ireland]
- ‘Considerable Stigma’ Faced By Women Going Through Menopause In the Workplace
- Diversity of Menopause Experience In the Workplace: Understanding Confounding Factors
- Driving the Change: Menopause and the Workplace [Circle In and Victoria Women’s Trust]
- Effectiveness of Workplace-Based Interventions To Promote Wellbeing Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
- EMAS In the Workplace
- 2023 EMAS Menopause In the Workplace Survey
- 2023 Short Guide on Menopause
EMAS 2021 Global Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace
- EMAS Menopause and Work Charter
- Menopause & Work – The Webinar Series
- Menopause At A Glance
- Menopause Essentials
Menopause In the Workplace Self-Assessment Tool
- Population Statistics
- Recommendations By Non-EMAS Organisations
- Research on Menopause In the Workplace
- September 7 Is the World Menopause and Work Day
- EMAS Recommendations for Conditions In the Workplace for Menopausal Women [European Menopause and Andropause Society]
- Effectiveness of Workplace-Based Interventions To Promote Wellbeing Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
- Evaluation of A Workplace Educational Intervention on Menopause: A Quasi-Experimental Study
- Exploring Digital Interventions To Facilitate Coping and Discomfort for Nurses Experiencing the Menopause In the workplace: An International Qualitative Study
- FSRH, BMS and RCOG Joint Response To the Women & Equalities Committee Inquiry Into Menopause In the Workplace
- Factors Underpinning An Improved Menopausal Experience In the Workplace for Doctors: A UK-Based Qualitative Study
- Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement
- Government Appoints First Menopause Employment Champion To Improve Workplace Support
- Hotresignation.com [The Hot Resignation]
- Hotresignation.com [The Hot Resignation]: Toolkit
- Hot Topic: Examining Discursive Representations of Menopause and Work In the British Media
- How To Become A Menopause Friendly Workplace
- How To Design Menopause Leave Policies That Really Support Women In the Workplace
- Impact of Menopausal Symptoms on Work: Findings from Women In the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) Study
- Impact of Menopause Symptoms on Women In the Workplace
- Impact of Perimenopause and Menopause on Work
- Is the Menopause A Workplace Issue?
- Landmark Study: Menopausal Women Let Down By Employers and Healthcare-Providers [Fawcett Society]
- Let’s Talk Menopause [CIPD = Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, England]
- Let’s Talk Menopause At Work | A Civil Service ‘Women’s Health’ Webinar
- Majority of Working Women Experiencing the Menopause Say It Has A Negative Impact on Them At Work [United Kingdom]
- Mayo Clinic Study Puts Price Tag on Cost of Menopause Symptoms for Women In the Workplace
- Menopause As A Well-Being Strategy: Organizational Effectiveness, Gendered Ageism and Racism
- Menopause At Work: Managing the Effects of Menopause
- Menopause At Work: Supporting Staff Through the Menopause
- Menopause In the Workplace
- Menopause In the Workplace
- Menopause In the Workplace
- Menopause In the Workplace
- Menopause In the Workplace [Video] [Work Wellness Institute]
- Menopause In the Workplace: Building Evidence, Changing Workplaces, Supporting Women
- Menopause In the Workplace: Impact on Women In Financial Services Report
- Menopause Information Pack for Organizations [MIPO]
- Menopause Transition: Effects on Women’s Economic Participation [Gov.uk] [Evidence review, covering 104 publications, of the extent to which menopause transition impacts on women’s economic participation]
- Menopause Workplace Policy: The Way Forward or Backward?
- Menopause and Work: A Narrative Literature Review About Menopause, Work and Health
- Menopause and Personal Protective Equipment: How Does This Meet Acceptable Working Conditions?
- Menopause and the Effect on Veterinary Professionals and Teams
Menopause and the NHS Workforce [+ Video]
- Menopause and the Workplace
- Menopause and the Workplace
- Menopause and the Workplace
- Menopause and the Workplace (Easy Read)
- Menopause and the Workplace Guidance: What To Consider
- Menopause and the Workplace [+ Video: Menopause-Journey] [NHS Employers [National Health Service, United Kingdom]
- Menopause and the Workplace [Fawcett Society]
- Menopause and the Workplace [Women and Equalities Committee, United Kingdom Parliament, 28 July 2022]
- Menopause and the Workplace – Report Summary [Women and Equalities Committee Parliament, United Kingdom]
- Menopause and the Workplace – Webinar [The Health and Social Care Alliance Scotland (The ALLIANCE) In Partnership With the Scottish Government]
- Menopause: Guiding Principles for Employees and Their Managers [Civil Service, United Kingdom, 2019]
- Millions of Women Are Working During Menopause, But US Law Isn’t Clear on Employees’ Rights or Employers’ Obligations
- Newson Health Research and Education Shares Survey Findings At the British Menopause Society Conference
- Newsroom Feature: Future of Work
- Organisations Must Go Beyond Medical Views on Menopause To Support Women’s Professional Aspirations
- Perimenopause: Symptoms, Work Ability and Health Among 4010 Dutch Workers
- Prof. Kathleen Riach – Menopause and Work
- Quality of Life In Menopausal Women In the Workplace – A Systematic Review
- Research: Workplace Stigma Around Menopause Is Real
- Serving Through the Perimenopause: Experiences of Women In the UK Armed Forces
- Supporting Our NHS People Through Menopause: Guidance for Line Managers and Colleagues
- Talking About Menopause In the Workplace
- The Association Between Shift Work Exposure and the Variations In Age At Natural Menopause Among Adult Canadian Workers: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
- The Consequences of Early Menopause and Menopause Symptoms for Labour Market Participation
- The Dialectic of (Menopause) Zest: Breaking the Mold of Organizational Irrelevance
- The Impact of Menopause on Women At Work: A Fireside Chat
- The Impact of Menopause on Women’s Health: A Workplace Initiative
- The Menopause At Work: Guidance for People Professionals
- The Menopause Taboo At Work: Examining Women’s Embodied Experiences of Menopause In the UK Police Service
- The Menopause: Menopause and the Workplace
- The UK Government May Have Rejected Menopause Protections – But Workplaces Are More Supportive Than Ever
- Thinking Outside Pandora’s Box: Revealing Differential Effects of Coping With Physical and Psychological Menopause Symptoms At Work
- Webinars: Previous – Menopause and Work
- When Menopause and Work Collide
- Why Employers Are Being Asked To Create ‘Menopause Friendly’ Workplaces [Australia]
- Why Menopause Matters In the Academic Workplace
- Women Over Fifty Facing Unique Disadvantage and Discrimination In the Workplace
- Women Work and the Menopause
- Women and Equalities Committee: Menopause and the Workplace? [Video]
- Women’s Health In/and Work: Menopause As An Intersectional Experience
- Working Well: Mitigating the Impact of Menopause In the Workplace. An Evidence Review
- Workplace Health Promotion Among Ethnically Diverse Women In Midlife With A Low Socioeconomic Position
- World Menopause and Work Day Webinar: Menopause In the Workplace After COVID
- Written Evidence from Professor Kathleen Riach on Behalf of the International Menopause/Work Consortium [MEW0069]
Menopause
What is menopause?
DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause FAQs: An Introduction To Menopause – Q. What Is Menopause? the North American Menopause Society’s definition is:
Menopause Age
What is the average age of menopause?
In What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause the Australasian Menopause Society explain:
Menopause Symptoms
What are some menopause symptoms?
In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health elaborate on:
Physical symptoms may include:
- Irregular periods
- Hot Flushes
- Night sweats
- Sleep problems
- Sore breasts
- Itchy, crawly or dry skin
- Exhaustion and fatigue
- Dry vagina
- Loss of sex drive (libido)
- Headaches or migraines
- More pronounced premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
- Aches and pains
- Bloating
- Urinary problems
- Weight gain due to a slower metabolism
Emotional Symptoms
Emotional symptoms may include:
- Feeling irritable or frustrated
- Feeling anxious
- Difficulty concentrating
- Forgetfulness
- Lowered mood
- Mood swings
- Feeling you can’t cope as well as you used to”.6
Menopause Symptoms Duration
What is the average duration of menopause symptoms?
On page one and two in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, Hamoda et al. elaborate on:
Impact
What impact may menopause symptoms have?
On page one in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause Hamoda et al. also note:
Health Care Provider
What if I would like to find out what menopause information is applicable to me?
If you would like to find out what menopause information is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.
In Menopause Symptoms and Relief: When Should I See My Doctor About My Menopause Symptoms? the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov explain:
- Your symptoms and how much they bother you
- Your health risks based on your age and your health
- Whether you have used a treatment like menopausal hormone therapy before
- Whether menopausal hormone therapy is an option for you, based on your past health and family history
- Whether you have already reached post-menopause and, if so, how long ago”.9
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace?
In Health Topics A-Z you may find:
Links
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.Bioidentical Hormones
- BMS TV: Bioidentical Hormones
- Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
- Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy [Video]
Complementary and Integrative Health and Menopause
- BMS TV: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
- Menopause & Herbs
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
- Non-Estrogen Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms
- The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
- Using Natural Therapies In the Menopause Transition – Webinar
Hormone Therapy
- BMS TV: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
- Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
- Dr Louise Newson: The Truth About the Menopause & HRT
- I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause. Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [+ Video: Is HRT Bad for You?]
- Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 3. The Risks & Benefits of HRT
- Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 4. The Different Types of HRT
- Menopause and HRT
- Video Series-2022: Hormone Therapy: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
Hot Flushes
- Hot Flashes
- Hot Flashes
- Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? [+ Video: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?]
- Mayo Clinic Minute: Help With Hot Flashes Due To Menopause [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
- Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
- Video Series-2023: New FDA-Approved Nonhormone Option for the Treatment of Hot Flashes
Menopause
- Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
- BMS TV: Menopause Explained
- Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Early and Premature Menopause [+ Video: Menopause Only Happens In Your 50s]
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause [+ Video: Menopause]
- Menopause
- Menopause
- Menopause
- Menopause
- Menopause
- Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
- Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 1. What Is Menopause?
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: What Is Menopause?
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
- Menopause: Ensuring A Tranquil Transition
- Menopause: Things You Can Do
- Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP #256
- Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
- Premature & Early Menopause
- Video Series-2023: Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Menopause Experience
- Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: A Simple Approach To Menopause: The Menopause Quick Six (www.MQ6.ca)
- What Doctors Wish Patients Knew About Menopause
- What Is Menopause?
- What Is Menopause? [+ Video]
Menopause Cafe
Menopause Glossary
Menopause Health Care Providers
- Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
- Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
- Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
Menopause In Multiply Languages
- Menopause – Multilingual Fact Sheets
- Menopause – Multiply Languages
- The Menopause [Multiply Languages]
Menopause Memory
- ‘Brain Fog’ During Menopause Is Real – It Can Disrupt Women’s Work and Spark Dementia Fears
- The Fog of Menopause
- Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: How To Protect Your Brain Health At Menopause and Beyond
- Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: What Women Should Know About Menopause and Brain Fog
Menopause Mood Changes
- 5 Ways To Cope With Menopausal Mood Swings
- Anxiety
- Dr. Louise Newson Breaks Down The Menopause & Lisa Snowdon Shares Her Experience | This Morning
- Emotional Wellness In Menopause
- Mastering Midlife Mood Changes With Marlene Freeman, MD
- Menopause Mindfulness: A Personal Toolkit for Menopause Preparedness
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Mindfulness & Wellbeing During the Menopause Transition
- Menopause and Mental Health
Mood and the Menopause
- Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: The Menopause Blues
Menopause Position Statements
- Consensus Statements [British Menopause Society]
- Guidelines and Education: EMAS Position Statements [European Menopause and Andropause Society[
- Position Papers and Consensus Statements [International Menopause Society]
- Position Statements & Other Reports [North American Menopause Society]
- Position Statements [Australasian Menopause Society]
Menopause Relationships
- Information for Partners
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Supporting Someone Through the Menopause [+ Video: Men Don’t Need To Know About Menopause]
- Menopause Ruining Your Sex Life?
- Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help
- Supporting A Loved One Through Menopause
Menopause Societies
- Australasian Menopause Society
- British Menopause Society
- Council of Affiliated Menopause Societies (CAMS)
- European Menopause and Andropause Society
- International Menopause Society
- Menopause Society
Menopause Symptoms
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Signs and Symptoms [+ Video: Talking Menopause With Your GP]
- Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Symptom Tracker
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
- Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
- Menopause: Symptoms & Causes
- Pausitivity – #KnowYourMenopause Poster Campaign [Multiply Languages]
- Symptoms of Menopause
- Therapy for the Effects of Menopause
- Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
- Video Series-2023: NAMS 2023 Nonhormone Therapies Position Statement for Bothersome Menopause Symptoms
- What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
Menopause Videos
- BMS TV
- BMS TV: Menopause – Weight Gain, Nutrition and Lifestyle
- EMAS Webinar Replay [Multiply Languages] European Menopause and Andropause Society]
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause and the Workplace
- Menopause Mindfulness: Living Your Best Work-Life Through the Menopause Transition
- Menopause Patient Information [Videos]
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Tips for Menopause In the Workplace
- Video Series-2023: Midlife Vocal Changes and Treatment Options
- Video Series-2023: Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Menopause Experience
- Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Menopause and Abnormal Bleeding
- Webinars: Previous – Pay Attention on Your Way In! The Vulva Is An Important Organ Too
Perimenopause
- Let’s Talk About Perimenopause
- My Periods Have Changed. Is Menopause Around the Corner?
- Natural Remedies To Help Manage Perimenopause Symptoms
- Perimenopause
- Perimenopause
- Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
- Perimenopause: Rocky Road To Menopause
- Perimenopause: Symptoms & Causes
- Stages of Menopause: Downloadable Resources – Stages of Menopause: Perimenopause
- Video Series-2022: Irregular Menstrual Cycles: What’s Normal and What’s Abnormal?
- Video Series-2022: Perimenopause: Signs, Symptoms, and Solutions
Postmenopause
- BMS TV: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- BMS TV: Osteoporosis
- Postmenopause
- Stages of Menopause: Downloadable Resources – Stages of Menopause: Postmenopause
Women’s Health
- BMS TV: Testosterone Explained
- Black Women’s Health Imperative [United States]
- How Your Job Can Affect Your Heart Health
- How To Support Mental Health At Work
- Jean Hailes for Women’s Health [Australia]
- Mayo Clinic Minute: Prescribing Nature for Mental, Physical Health [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
- Office on Women’s Health [Womenshealth.gov, United States]
- R U OK? At Work
Why It’s Good To Talk About Women’s Health At Work, According To Research
- Women’s Health Concern [Patient Arm of the British Menopause Society]
- Women’s Health Matters
- World Heart Day 29 September
Sources
Where may I find the Sources quoted?
You may find the Sources quoted at:
Sources
- EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 06 September 2023
- Menopause and the Workplace. Content Updated November 2022. Australian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-the-workplace Accessed: 06 September 2023
- EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 06 September 2023
- Menopause FAQs: An Introduction To Menopause – Q. What Is Menopause? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-an-introduction-to-menopause Accessed: 06 September 2023
- What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause. Content Created May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 06 September 2023
- Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 04 September 2023. Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#physical-and-emotional-symptoms Accessed: 06 September 2023
- Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 06 September 2023
- Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 06 September 2023
- Menopause Symptoms and Relief: When Should I See My Doctor About My Menopause Symptoms. Page Last Updated: 22 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief Accessed: 06 September 2023