“Keeping detailed records of headache episodes
can help provide additional insight about triggers
and how to avoid them”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause Headaches Pattern Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopausal/Menopause Headaches and Migraines Pattern
  • Perimenopausal/Perimenopause Headaches and Migraines Pattern

Periods

Is there a link with periods and migraine?

On page one in Migraine and HRT: What Is Likely To Happen To Migraine? the (British) Women’s Health Concern elaborate on:

“Migraine tends to worsen in the years leading up to the menopause, with attacks occurring more frequently and sometimes also lasting longer. Many women start to notice that the attacks are more likely to start a few days before or during their periods. These perimenstrual migraine attacks often last longer, are more severe, and are less responsive to treatment compared to attacks at other times of the cycle. Periods can become erratic and more frequent, which also means more migraine.

Following menopause, migraine becomes less of a problem, particularly in women who have noticed a strong link between migraine and hormonal triggers. It is not an immediate improvement as it takes a while after your last period for the hormones to settle”.2

Look for A Pattern

Menopause Headaches PatternHow may I Look for A Pattern with my headaches?

In Headache Diary: Keeping A Diary Can Help Your Doctor Help You the (United States) National Headache Foundation (NHF) note:

“Keeping detailed records of headache episodes can help provide additional insight about triggers and how to avoid them”.3

In Keeping A Headache Diary: A General Guide To Recording Your Migraine Attacks? Why Keep A Headache Diary? the (United Kingdom) Migraine Trust elaborate on:

“A headache diary can include information on a range of things, however, it’s often best to keep it simple and record basic information. This can include:

  • Date
  • Day of week
  • Duration (how long the attack lasted)
  • Severity (how bad the attack was). This can either be recorded as mild, moderate or severe. Or on a scale from 1-10, where 10 is the worst pain you can imagine
  • Other symptoms you experience alongside the headache such as dizziness, vertigo, sensitivity to light, sound, smells or any symptoms that affect your movement (e.g. numbness)
  • Medication you take, including if you take a second dose
  • Anything else that may be helpful. Such as side effects from medication, any potential triggers, your period, any changes in medication, and anything else that may be helpful”.4

Headache Diary

Where may I find a headache diary?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Headaches TriggersMenopause Headaches Pattern

What are some primary headache triggers?

In Headaches: Overview – What Are the Types of Headache? Primary Headaches the (United States) Cleveland Clinic elaborate on:

“Some primary headaches can be triggered by lifestyle factors or situations, including:

  • Alcohol, particularly red wine
  • Certain foods, such as processed meats that contain nitrates (food-triggered headaches)
  • Consuming nicotine (nicotine headache)
  • Changes in sleep or lack of sleep
  • Poor posture
  • Physical activity, such as exercise (exertion headaches)
  • Skipped meals (hunger headache)
  • Coughing, sneezing, blowing your nose, straining (such as when having a bowel movement), or laughing or crying vigorously (primary cough headaches)”.5

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help to look for a pattern with my headaches?

If you would like help to look for a pattern with your headaches, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can identify any patterns, discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

In Headache Diary: Keeping A Diary Can Help Your Doctor Help You the NHF explain:

“It is important to make an appointment with your doctor for the specific purpose of addressing your headache history rather than discussing headaches as part of a physician visit for other reasons. The National Headache Foundation also recommends keeping a headache diary to track the characteristics of your headaches. Patterns identified from your diary may help your doctor determine which type of headache you have and the most beneficial treatments”.6

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Headaches Pattern?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Headaches Pattern?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Headache Diary: Keeping A Diary Can Help Your Doctor Help You. National Headache Foundation https://headaches.org/resources/headache-diary-keeping-a-diary-can-help-your-doctor-help-you/ Accessed: 23 December 2023
  2. Migraine and HRT: What Is Likely To Happen To Migraine? Reviewed: November 2023:1. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/migraine-and-hrt/ Accessed: 23 December 2023
  3. Headache Diary: Keeping A Diary Can Help Your Doctor Help You. National Headache Foundation https://headaches.org/resources/headache-diary-keeping-a-diary-can-help-your-doctor-help-you/ Accessed: 23 December 2023
  4. Keeping A Headache Diary: A General Guide To Recording Your Migraine Attacks? Why Keep A Headache Diary? Migraine Trust https://www.migrainetrust.org/living-with-migraine/coping-managing/keeping-a-migraine-diary/ Accessed: 23 December 2023
  5. Headaches: Overview – What Are the Types of Headache? Primary Headaches. Last Updated: 29 August 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches Accessed: 23 December 2023
  6. Headache Diary: Keeping A Diary Can Help Your Doctor Help You. National Headache Foundation https://headaches.org/resources/headache-diary-keeping-a-diary-can-help-your-doctor-help-you/ Accessed: 23 December 2023
Topic Last Updated: 23 December 2023 – Topic Last Reviewed: 23 December 2023

“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and
policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of
the wider context of gender and age equality and…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause and the Workplace Guidance Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • For Workplaces
  • Menopause Workplace
  • Menopause Workplace Guidance
  • Menopause Workplace Policy

EMAS Menopause In the Workplace

What is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s (EMAS) EMAS Menopause In the Workplace?

In EMAS Menopause In the Workplace the EMAS explain:

“In 2023 the global female population is over 4 billion. Women form a large part of workforces worldwide, and many will be working throughout their menopausal years.

Women with severe menopause symptoms may exit employment or reduce their working hours, with a negative effect on income and security in later life. For employers, this means the loss of experienced staff with valuable skills and talent.

Thus, EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of the wider context of gender and age equality and reproductive and post-reproductive health”.2 Menopause and the Workplace Guidance

Global Consensus Recommendations on
Menopause In the Workplace

What is the aim of the Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement?

On page one in Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement: Abstract – Aim the authors explain:

“To provide recommendations for employers, managers, healthcare professionals and women to make the workplace environment more menopause supportive, and to improve women’s wellbeing and their ability to remain in work”.3

Menopause Definition

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause FAQs: An Introduction To Menopause – Q. What Is Menopause? the North American Menopause Society’s definition is:

“A. First off, menopause is not a disease. Menopause is a normal, natural event—defined as the final menstrual period and usually confirmed when a woman has missed her periods for 12 consecutive months (in the absence of other obvious causes)”.4

Menopause Age

What is the average age of menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) explain:

“Most women become menopausal naturally between the ages of 45 and 55 years, with the average age of onset at around 51 years. Surgical menopause refers to menopause as a result of bilateral oophorectomy. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency may occur before the age of 40 due to natural ovarian function ceasing, following surgery to remove the ovaries, or as a result of chemo/ radiotherapy. Menopause is considered “early” when it occurs between 40 and 45 years”.5

Menopause Symptoms Duration

What is the average duration of menopause symptoms?

On page one and two in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, the authors elaborate on:

“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms may last for a long time with an average duration of 7 years, with a third of women experiencing symptoms beyond 7 years”.6

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace Guidance?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace Guidance?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 25 April 2024
  2. EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 25 April 2024
  3. Rees, M. et al. Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement: Abstract – Aim. Maturitas 151, September 2021, Pages 55-62 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512221001079 Accessed: 25 April 2024
  4. Menopause FAQs: An Introduction To Menopause – Q. What Is Menopause? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-an-introduction-to-menopause Accessed: 25 April 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause. Content Created May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 25 April 2024
  6. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 25 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 25 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 25 April 2024

“When your partner goes through menopause,
different hormonal changes will affect their body,
health, energy levels and mood”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause Relationships Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause Lovers/Partners/Spouses
  • Menopause Relationships

Menopause

How may menopause impact on a woman’s relationships?

In Information for Partners the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

“When your partner goes through menopause, different hormonal changes will affect their body, health, energy levels and mood. They may also have different emotions about coming to the end of their reproductive years.

While every woman’s experience is different, it’s a good idea to learn about menopause and related symptoms so you can support them through this time”.2

Physical Symptoms

What are some physical symptoms of menopause?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms — Physical Symptoms the JH explain:

“Physical symptoms may include:

  • Irregular periods
  • Hot flushes
  • Night sweats
  • Sleep problems
  • Sore breasts
  • Itchy, crawly or dry skin
  • Exhaustion and fatigue
  • Dry vagina
  • Loss of sex drive (libido)
  • Headaches or migraines
  • More pronounced premenstrual tension (PMS)
  • Aches and pains
  • Bloating
  • Urinary problems
  • Weight gain due to a slower metabolism”.3

Emotional Symptoms

What are some emotional symptoms of menopause?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms — Emotional Symptoms the JH explain:

“Emotional symptoms may include:

  • Feeling irritable or frustrated
  • Feeling anxious
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Brain fog
  • Forgetfulness
  • Lowered mood
  • Mood swings
  • Feeling you can’t cope as well as you used to”.4

Sex

Is there an association between sex and menopause relationships?

In Information for Partners: Sex and Menopause the JH elaborate on:

“It’s common for women to have lower sex drive (libido) during menopause. This could be due to many things, including changing hormone levels, vaginal atrophy, vaginal dryness (which can cause discomfort during sex) and lowered mood and fatigue”.5

Tips for Couples and Partners

What are some tips for couples and partners?

In Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help — Tips for Couples and Partners the JH explain:

“The years surrounding menopause can be difficult for women and families, but supportive communication can help. These tips from Ms Needleman are designed for couples, but some may also apply to women who don’t have a partner.

  • Learn together…
  • Negotiate sex…
  • Maintain connection…
  • Wait for calm….
  • Practise self-care”.6

In Information for Partners: Tips To Support Your Partner the JH also elaborate on:

Menopause Relationships“There are many things you can do to help your partner through the different stages of menopause.

For example:

  • Listen and be supportive
  • Understand that some (not all) mood changes may be due to menopause
  • Allow your partner to express their feelings, even if you don’t understand them
  • Ask your partner to help you understand their symptoms
  • Encourage your partner to talk about what they need and when they need it
  • Keep an open mind about why your partner may be acting differently
  • Support your partner to make healthy choices, like eating healthy food and reducing alcohol consumption (which can affect menopausal symptoms)
  • Be patient when it comes to sex – and find other ways to be intimate
  • Go with your partner to medical appointments or counselling (if required)”.7

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my relationship?

If you would like help with your relationship, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can decide on who may be the best health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Relationships?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Relationships?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Information for Partners. Last Updated: 07 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/information-for-partners Accessed: 23 April 2024
  2. Information for Partners. Last Updated: 07 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/information-for-partners Accessed: 23 April 2024
  3. Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms — Physical Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#physical-and-emotional-symptoms Accessed: 23 April 2024
  4. Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms — Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#physical-and-emotional-symptoms Accessed: 23 April 2024
  5. Information for Partners: Sex and Menopause. Last Updated: 07 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/information-for-partners Accessed: 23 April 2024
  6. Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help — Tips for Couples and Partners. Last Updated: 17 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 10 October 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/navigating-menopause-together-how-partners-can-help Accessed: 23 April 2024
  7. Information for Partners: Relationships. Last Updated: 07 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/information-for-partners Accessed: 23 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 23 April 2024 — Topic Last Reviewed: 23 April 2024

“…women do still get pregnant in their late 40s and
even into their 50s (without using assisted reproduction
techniques). So contraception should be continued until…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause and Pregnancy Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Birth Control
  • Conception
  • Contraception
  • Pregnancy
  • Unplanned Pregnancy

Perimenopause

Is it possible to become pregnant during perimenopause?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

“Your fertility will decline as you age, but while you still ovulate it is possible to get pregnant. In the lead-up to menopause, you can ovulate twice during one cycle. And you can still ovulate up to three months before your final period”.2

On page one in Contraception for the Older Woman the (British) Women’s Health Concern (WHC) note:

“Many women are aware that their fertility declines from their mid 30s and think they can stop using contraception once they are in their 40s. They wrongly assume – because their fertility is lower, they have less sex and their periods may have become irregular – that contraception can be abandoned. However, women do still get pregnant in their late 40s and even into their 50s (without using assisted reproduction techniques). So contraception should be continued until menopause, which is defined as two years after the last natural menstrual period in women under age 50 and until one year after the last natural menstrual period in women over age 50. If menopause cannot be confirmed, contraception should be continued until age 55”.3

Pregnancy 45-49 Years

What is the possibility of pregnancy aged 45-49 years?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause the JH explain:

Menopause and Pregnancy“The possibility of pregnancy in women aged 45–49 years is estimated to be 2–3% per year”.4

Pregnancy After 50

What is the possibility of pregnancy after the age of 50?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause the JH note:

“After the age of 50, it’s less than 1%”.5

Contraception Younger Than 50

If younger than 50, can contraception be ceased?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause: When Is It Safe To Stop Contraception? the JH elaborate on:

“If you’re younger than 50 and you don’t want to fall pregnant, you should use contraception for at least two years after your final period”.6

Contraception 50 or Older

If 50 or older, can contraception be ceased?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause: When Is It Safe To Stop Contraception? the JH elaborate on:

“If you’re 50 or older and you don’t want to fall pregnant, you should use contraception for at least one year after your final period. Keep in mind, MHT is not a contraceptive”.7

Contraception After 55

After aged 55, can contraception be ceased?

In Contraception and the Menopause the European Menopause and Andropause Society note:

“Cessation of contraception should be considered after age 55 as spontaneous conception is extremely rare for these women”.8

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) a method of contraceptive?

No. On page four in Contraception for the Older Woman: Hormone Replacement Therapy the WHC note:

“It is important to realise that HRT is not a method of contraception”.9

HRT + Contraception

Can HRT + contraception be necessary?

On page four in Contraception for the Older Woman: Hormone Replacement Therapy the WHC explain:

“If periods have not stopped before starting HRT then a method of contraception should be used in addition to HRT. Suitable methods to consider would be barrier methods, an IUD, the progestogen-only pill or the IUS. As well as being an effective method of contraception, the Mirena® IUS has the additional advantage of providing the progestogen component of HRT and so minimises bleeding problems and other side-effects that might occur from the progestogen.

Once HRT has been started, it can be difficult to know when contraception can be stopped since HRT will often produce regular monthly bleeds. It is best to continue contraception alongside HRT until the age of 55 when contraception is no longer needed”.10

Emergency Contraception

Is emergency contraception available?

Depending on the Country, emergency contraception may be available. Your Country may have a Link similar to the American College of Gynecologist’s Emergency Contraception: Frequently Asked Questions.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what is the best contraception for me?

The JH advises:

“Talk to your doctor about the best contraception for you”.11

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and Pregnancy?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and Pregnancy?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Contraception for the Older Woman. Updated: November 2022:1. British Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/contraception-older-woman/ Accessed: 22 April 2024
  2. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 22 April 2024
  3. Contraception for the Older Woman. Updated: November 2022:1. British Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/contraception-older-woman/ Accessed: 22 April 2024
  4. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 22 April 2024
  5. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 22 April 2024
  6. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause: When Is It Safe To Stop Contraception? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 22 April 2024
  7. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause: When Is It Safe To Stop Contraception? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 22 April 2024
  8. Contraception and the Menopause. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Contraception-and-the-menopause.pdf Accessed: 22 April 2024
  9. Contraception for the Older Woman: Hormone Replacement Therapy. Updated: November 2022:4. British Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/contraception-older-woman/ Accessed: 22 April 2024
  10. Contraception for the Older Woman: Hormone Replacement Therapy. Updated: November 2022:4. British Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/contraception-older-woman/ Accessed: 22 April 2024
  11. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Contraception During Menopause: When Is It Safe To Stop Contraception? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 22 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 22 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 April 2024

“Having erection trouble from time to time
isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. If erectile dysfunction
is an ongoing issue, however, it can cause stress…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
  • Impotence
  • Male Impotence

Definition

What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?

DotS the definition of ED may vary. In Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sex”.2

Symptoms

What are symptoms of ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: What Are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction the (Australian) HealthDirect note:

“Symptoms of erectile dysfunction include:

  • Difficulty getting an erection
  • Difficulty keeping an erection
  • Difficulty engaging in sexual intercourse, due to your penis not being hard enough”.3

Common or Not

How common is ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Overview – How Common Is Erectile Dysfunction? according to the (United States) Cleveland Clinic:

“Erectile dysfunction is the most common sex-related condition that men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) report to healthcare providers, especially as they age and develop other health issues”.4

In Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): About Erectile Dysfunction according to the (Scottish) NHS Inform:

“Erectile dysfunction is a very common condition, particularly in older men. It is estimated that half of all men between the ages of 40 and 70 will have it to some degree”.5

In Erectile Dysfunction: Key Facts according to the (Australian) HealthDirect:

  • “Erectile dysfunction is very common, affecting up to 2 in 3 males over age 45 years”.6

Concern or Not

Is ED a concern?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Having erection trouble from time to time isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. If erectile dysfunction is an ongoing issue, however, it can cause stress, affect your self-confidence and contribute to relationship problems. Problems getting or keeping an erection can also be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs treatment and a risk factor for heart disease”.7

Cause

What causes ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Causes [+ Images] the Mayo Clinic elaborate on physical causes, psychological causes and risk factors and also note:

“Male sexual arousal is a complex process that involves the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles and blood vessels. Erectile dysfunction can result from a problem with any of these. Likewise, stress and mental health concerns can cause or worsen erectile dysfunction”.8

On page one in Hormones and Erectile Dysfunction: What You Need To Know – Causes the (United States) Endocrine Society explain:

“The most common causes of ED are underlying health problems that affect blood vessels and blood flow in the penis. These include hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), diabetes, obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol”.9

Cause: Medicines and Drugs

Can some medicines and drugs cause ED?

In Drugs That May Cause Erection Problems, review date 01 January 2023, the (United States) MedlinePlus list “some medicines and drugs that may cause impotence in men”.

Treatment

How is ED treated?

In Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction the NHS elaborate on:

“Treatment can usually help improve erectile dysfunction.

  • Medicines for erectile dysfunction…
  • Vacuum pumps…
  • Treating the cause of erectile dysfunction…
  • Finding private counsellors or sex therapists…”.10

Oral Medicines

What are oral medicines for ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications, dated 24 June 2023, the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Medicines that you take by mouth are called oral medicines. They’re often the first line of treatment for trouble getting or keeping an erection, called erectile dysfunction (ED). Oral medicines for ED usually work well and cause few side effects”.11

Sexual Health and Erectile DysfunctionMain Oral Medicines

What are the four main oral medicines for ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“The four main medicines taken by mouth for erectile dysfunction are:

  • Avanafil (Stendra)
  • Sildenafil (Viagra)
  • Tadalafil (Cialis)
  • Vardenafil.

These medicines are called PDE5 inhibitors. They enhance the effects of a chemical the body makes that relaxes muscles in the penis, called nitric oxide. This boosts blood flow and helps you get an erection from sexual activity”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have ED or I think my partner has ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Treatment — Treatment the Mayo Clinic explain:

“The first thing your doctor will do is to make sure you’re getting the right treatment for any health conditions that could be causing or worsening your erectile dysfunction.

Depending on the cause and severity of your erectile dysfunction and any underlying health conditions, you might have various treatment options. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits of each treatment and will consider your preferences. Your partner’s preferences also might play a role in your treatment choices”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics related to Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  2. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Causes. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  3. Erectile Dysfunction: What Are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction? Last Reviewed: March 2023. HealthDirect https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/erectile-dysfunction Accessed: 22 April 2024
  4. Erectile Dysfunction: Overview – How Common Is Erectile Dysfunction? Last Reviewed: 28 August 2023. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10035-erectile-dysfunction Accessed: 22 April 2024
  5. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): About Erectile Dysfunction. Last Updated: 10 February 2023. NHS Inform https://nhsinform-n1.azurewebsites.net/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/erectile-dysfunction-impotence/ Accessed: 22 April 2024
  6. Erectile Dysfunction: What Are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction? Last Reviewed: March 2023. HealthDirect https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/erectile-dysfunction Accessed: 22 April 2024
  7. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  8. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Causes. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  9. Hormones and Erectile Dysfunction: What You Need To Know – Causes. 17 February 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/patient-engagement/hormones-and-series/hormones_and_erectile_dysfunction_what_you_need_to_know.pdf Accessed: 22 April 2024
  10. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction. Page Last Reviewed: 28 July 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/erection-problems-erectile-dysfunction/#treatment Accessed: 22 April 2024
  11. Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications. 24 June 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20047821 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  12. Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications. 24 June 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20047821 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  13. Erectile Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Treatment — Treatment. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355782 Accessed: 22 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 22 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 April 2024

“Hormonal changes around the time of menopause
can lead to anxiety and depression,
but other factors may also cause these feelings”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause Depression umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Clinical Depression
  • Depression
  • Depressive Disorder
  • Major Depression
  • Major Depressive Disorder
  • Menopause Blues

Depression

What is depression?

DotS the definition of depression may vary. In Depressive Disorder (Depression): Overview, 31 March 2023, the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Depressive disorder (also known as depression) is a common mental disorder. It involves a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time.

Depression is different from regular mood changes and feelings about everyday life. It can affect all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. It can result from or lead to problems at school and at work”.2

In Depression: What Is Depression? last reviewed March 2024, the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health’s (NIMH) definition is:

“Depression (also known as major depression, major depressive disorder, or clinical depression) is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.

To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks”.3

Sadness or Depression

Is sadness the same as depression?

In Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know the NIMH explain:

“Feeling sad is a normal reaction to difficult times in life. Depression is different—it is a mood disorder that can affect how a person feels, thinks, and acts. Read this fact sheet to learn about depression in women and ways to get help”.4

Perimenopause

Is there an association between perimenopause and depression?

In Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know – 3. Certain Types of Depression Are Unique To Women the NIMH note:

  • “Perimenopausal Depression affects some women during the transition to menopause. Whereas abnormal periods, problems sleeping, mood swings, and hot flashes are common during the menopause transition, more extreme feelings of irritability, anxiety, sadness, or loss of enjoyment may be signs of depression”.5

In Symptoms of Menopause: Mood and Emotional Health the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

Menopause Depression“Research suggests that women are more likely to feel depressed during the menopause transition.

Women who have a history of depression or premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be more likely to develop depression during this time”.6

Menopause

What are some mental health symptoms associated with menopause?

In Menopause and Mental Health: Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause, content updated February 2023, the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) elaborate on:

“Mental health symptoms related to menopause can include feeling:

  • Irritable
  • Sad
  • Anxious
  • Hopeless
  • Less able to concentrate or focus
  • Tired
  • Unmotivated

Some women might experience these symptoms in a mild form. Others might have more severe symptoms of depression (including thoughts of suicide) lasting for at least two weeks. This is known as a major depressive episode and is more likely in women who have a history of major depression during their pre-menopausal years.

While many women do not have mental health issues during the menopausal transition, unstable oestrogen levels can have an impact on the brain, predisposing some women to feelings of depression and anxiety”.7

Cause

What may cause depression during menopause?

On page 777 in The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Depression, published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society note:

“Depressive symptoms worsen as women transition through menopause, although evidence is mixed as to whether depressive disorders are more common during the menopause transition relative to premenopause. Most women who present with depressive disorders during the menopause transition are women with a history of depression before the menopause transition, and women with a history of depression are at high risk for recurrence during the menopause transition”.8

In Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Mood and Emotional Health – Anxiety and Depression the JH explain:

“Hormonal changes around the time of menopause can lead to anxiety and depression, but other factors may also cause these feelings.

If you experienced anxiety before reaching menopause, some symptoms could make your anxiety worse. For example, hot flushes could lead to an anxiety attack.

Also, symptoms such as night sweats can affect your mood and make you feel exhausted, grumpy or depressed.

At this stage of life, you may experience depression for different reasons. For example, if you are having relationship problems or feeling more stress than normal.

You might also reflect on negative past experiences during this time, leading to feelings of depression”.9

In Mood and the Menopause, content updated 09 February 2023, the AMS elaborate on:

“Risk factors for depressive symptoms/disorders are multiple and include VMS, previous mood disorders including prior MDD, reproductive related mood disturbance (severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or postpartum depression), other health factors, psychological and socioeconomic factors, and hormonal changes such as variability in FSH and oestradiol”.10

What is VMS?

VMS can be an abbreviation for Vasomotor Symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats.

What is MDD?

MDD can be an abbreviation for Major Depressive Disorder.

What is FSH?

FSH can be an abbreviation for Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

Treatment

How may perimenopausal and menopausal depression be treated?

In Menopause and Mental Health: Treatment Options for Mental Health Symptoms the AMS elaborate on:

“Women should have an individualised assessment with their doctor in order to discuss the most appropriate treatment pathway. Options may include lifestyle changes, psychological therapies and medications such as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or antidepressants.

While some international guidelines do not recommend MHT as first line therapy, many doctors have seen a positive effect on mood with the use of MHT in the first instance. There is evidence that oestrogen has antidepressant effects, particularly in perimenopausal women. We emphasise an individualised approach with treatment tailored to the individual patient.

Oestrogen is not recommended for women with a history of breast cancer.

At this stage, there is no evidence to recommend alternative or complementary therapies for treatment of perimenopausal depression”.11

In Depression: A Major Challenge of the Menopause Transition, October 2022, Professor Kulkarni, Professor of Psychiatry at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne; Head of Department of Psychiatry at Monash University, Melbourne; and Director of the Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, explains:

“Guidelines recommend antidepressant medications as first-line treatment; however, emerging evidence suggests menopausal hormone treatment may also be effective. A biopsychosocial approach to management, including treating depressive symptoms and addressing relevant psychological and lifestyle factors, offers the best outcomes and improvement in quality of life”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I feel depressed?

If you feel depressed, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider abut this, soon as possible.

In Menopause and Mental Health: Untangling Physical and Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause the AMS elaborate on:

“Speaking with your doctor about your menopausal symptoms, life circumstances and clinical history can help them to recommend the best treatment options and lifestyle and behavioural changes for your situation”.13

In Menopause and Mind Health the JH remind us:

“Everyone experiences menopause differently. Talk to your doctor if:

  • You are experiencing strong emotions
  • You think you have anxiety or depression
  • Menopausal symptoms are impacting your quality of life
  • Your brain fog is long lasting or stopping you from doing daily activities”.14

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Depression?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Depression?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Mood and Emotional Health – Anxiety and Depression. Last Updated: 19 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/managing-your-symptoms#managing-mood-and-emotional-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
  2. Depressive Disorder (Depression): Overview. 31 March 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Accessed: 21 April 2024
  3. Depression: What Is Depression? Last Reviewed: March 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml#part_145398 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  4. Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know. Revised: 2023. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-in-women Accessed: 21 April 2024
  5. Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know – 3. Certain Types of Depression Are Unique To Women. Revised: 2023. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-in-women Accessed: 21 April 2024
  6. Symptoms of Menopause: Mood and Emotional Health. Last Updated: 28 March 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#mood-and-emotional-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
  7. Menopause and Mental Health: Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause. Content Updated: February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
  8. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Depression. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society Vol: 29, No. 7, pp 767-794. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/nams-2022-hormone-therapy-position-statement.pdf Accessed: 21 April 2024
  9. Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Mood and Emotional Health – Anxiety and Depression. Last Updated: 19 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/managing-your-symptoms#managing-mood-and-emotional-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
  10. Mood and the Menopause. Content Updated: 09 February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/mood-and-the-menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
  11. Menopause and Mental Health: Treatment Options for Mental Health Symptoms. Content Updated February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
  12. Kulkarni, J. Depression: A Major Challenge of the Menopause Transition. October 2022 https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2022/october/feature-article/depression-major-challenge-menopause-transition Accessed: 21 April 2024
  13. Menopause and Mental Health: Untangling Physical and Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause. Content Updated: February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
  14. Menopause and Mind Health: When To See Your Doctor. Updated: May 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/resources/menopause-and-mind-health Accessed: 21 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed:21 April 2024

“If you would like to find out what menopause
position statements are applicable to you, it may be
in your best interest to choose to talk to your…”.Meno Martha

Umbrella
What may the Menopause Position Statements Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Clinical Guides
  • Consensus Statements
  • Final Recommendation Statements
  • Global Consensus Statements
  • Guidelines
  • Other Reports
  • Position Papers
  • Position Statements
  • Recommendations
  • Reports
  • Statements
  • White Paper

Date

Menopause Position StatementsWhat can it be important to be clear about with menopause position statements?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of menopause position statements because this information may have been updated or retired.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what menopause position statement information is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what menopause position statements are applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Position Statements?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Position Statements?

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Topic Last Updated: 25 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 April 2024

“Vulval irritation
is when different products and chemicals
affect the sensitive skin of the vulva”.1

Umbrella
What may the Vulval Irritation Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Genital Itch
  • Vestibulitis
  • Vestibulodynia
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Discomfort/Irritation/Pain
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Skin Conditions
  • Vulvar Itching
  • Vulval Vestibulitis
  • Vulvitis
  • Vulvovaginal Discomfort/Pain

Vulva

What is the vulva?

DotS the definition of the vulva may vary. The (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:

“Your vulva is the external part of your female genitals that you can see. Your vagina is inside your body”.2

Vulval Irritation

What is vulval irritation?

DotS the definition of vulval irritation may vary. In Vulva Irritation: What Is Vulval Irritation? the JH explain:

“Vulval irritation is when different products and chemicals affect the sensitive skin of the vulva”.3

What are vulval irritation symptoms?

In Vulva Irritation: Symptoms the JH explain:

“Vulval irritation can be associated with other signs and symptoms, including:

  • Burning
  • Itching
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Vaginal discomfort
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Skin cracking or splitting (fissuring)
  • Whitening of skin (leukoplakia)
  • Pain during sex (dyspareunia)”.4

Vulvitis

What is vulvitis?

DotS the definition of vulvitis may vary. In Vulvitis: Overview – What Is Vulvitis? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s definition is:

“Vulvitis is inflammation in your vulva, or your genitals. Your vulva includes the soft folds of skin that surround your vagina, including your labia majora (the outer folds), labia minora (vaginal lips) and your clitoris. Your vulva may become inflamed because of an infection, allergic reaction or injury that irritates your skin”.5

Cause

What can cause vulval irritation?

In Vulval Irritation: What Causes Vulval Irritation the JH note:


Vulval Irritation
“Vulval irritation can be caused by many things. Common causes are listed below.

  • Bodily functions…
  • Products…
  • Clothes…
  • Skin conditions…
  • Infections…
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)…
  • Other conditions…
  • Hormones…
  • Medicines…
  • Cancer…”.6

Douching

What is douching?

DotS the definition of douching may vary. In Douching: What Is Douching? the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov’s definition is:

“The word “douche” means to wash or soak. Douching is washing or cleaning out the inside of the vagina with water or other mixtures of fluids. Most douches are sold in stores as prepackaged mixes of water and vinegar, baking soda, or iodine. The mixtures usually come in a bottle or bag. You squirt the douche upward through a tube or nozzle into your vagina. The water mixture then comes back out through your vagina”.7

Is douching different from washing the outside of your vagina during a bath or shower?

Yes. Womenshealth.gov explain:

“Douching is different from washing the outside of your vagina during a bath or shower. Rinsing the outside of your vagina with warm water will not harm your vagina. But, douching can lead to many different health problems.

Most doctors recommend that women do not douche”.8

Vulval Clinics

Are there clinics specializing in vulval conditions?

DotC (Depending on the Country) there may be clinics specializing in vulval conditions with gynecologists, dermatologists, physiotherapists and other multidisciplinary staff.

These multidisciplinary clinics may be called:

  • Genito-Urinary Medicine Clinics
  • Multidisciplinary Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulvovaginal Clinics

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have vulval irritation?

If you think you have vulval irritation, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The JH encourage us to seek help and explain:

“If you are experiencing vulval irritation and your symptoms are not getting better, it’s important to see your doctor. They will take your medical history and ask about your symptoms. If they don’t check your vulva, ask for an examination. You might also need to have a urine test, vulval or vaginal swab, blood test or vulval biopsy. This process will ensure you get the right diagnosis and treatment.

The sooner you seek help, the sooner your symptoms will improve”.9

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Vulval Irritation?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Where may I find Links related to Vulval Irritation?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Vulval Irritation: What Is Vulval Irritation? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  2. Vulval Irritation Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  3. Vulval Irritation: What Is Vulval Irritation? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  4. Vulval Irritation: Symptoms. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  5. Vulvitis: Overview – What Is Vulvitis? Last Reviewed: 21 June 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15175-vulvitis Accessed: 21 April 2024
  6. Vulval Irritation: What Causes Vulval Irritation? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  7. Douching: What Is Douching? Page Last Updated: 29 December 2022. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching Accessed: 21 April 2024
  8. Douching: What Is Douching? Page Last Updated: 29 December 2022. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching Accessed: 21 April 2024
  9. Vulval Irritation: When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 April 2024

“As a woman ages, estrogen levels are fluctuating
from one minute to the next, and erratic.
Less progesterone is produced (but stabilizes…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause Mood Swings Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause Mood Swings
  • Perimenopause Mood Swings

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and mood swings?

In Menopause: Mood Swings the (United States) Endocrine Society elaborate on:

Menopause Mood SwingsMenopause Mood SwingsMenopause Mood SwingsMenopause Mood Swings

 

“As a woman ages, estrogen levels are fluctuating from one minute to the next, and erratic. Less progesterone is produced (but stabilizes at low levels in post menopause, around age 55). Estrogen is related to production of serotonin, a mood-regulating neurotransmitter. Fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels, plus other factors, cause serotonin production disruption, leading to more mood swings. Mood disorders are common during this time”.2

Bipolar Disorder

Are menopause mood swings different to bipolar disorder?

Yes. Menopause mood swings are different to bipolar disorder. In Bipolar Disorder: What Is Bipolar Disorder? the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health’s definition of bipolar disorder is:

“Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness or manic depression) is a mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration. These shifts can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks”.3

Depression

Are menopause mood swings different to depression?

Yes. Menopause mood swings are different to depression. In Depression: Overview the World Health Organization explain:

“Depressive disorder (also known as depression) is a common mental disorder. It involves a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time.

Depression is different from regular mood changes and feelings about everyday life. It can affect all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. It can result from or lead to problems at school and at work”.4

Self-Help Measures

What are some self-help measures which may help mood changes?

The Endocrine Society explain:

“Mood swings are a part of aging for many women, but the good news is that you can take steps to help prevent them and manage them when they occur. Often, a healthy lifestyle is the first step in preventing mood swings.

  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods
  • Eat a balanced, health diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
  • Talk to a therapist or counselor
  • Get enough sleep
  • Exercise regularly
  • Find healthy ways to deal with stress”.5

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with menopause mood swings?Menopause Mood Swings

If you would like help with menopause mood swings, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Mood Swings?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Mood Swings?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources at:

Sources

  1. Menopause: Mood Swings. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
  2. Menopause: Mood Swings. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
  3. Bipolar Disorder: Overview. Last Reviewed: February 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder Accessed: 21 April 2024
  4. Depression: Overview. 31 March 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Accessed: 21 April 2024
  5. Menopause: Mood Swings. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 April 2024

“The question of being troubled is key when it comes to
any potential sexual disorder, since the issue is not
the sexual “problem or condition itself but whether…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Sexual Health and Female Sexual Dysfunction Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD)
  • Frigidity
  • Sexual Dysfunction In Females/Women
  • Sexual Problems In Females/Women

Definition

What is female sexual dysfunction (FSD)?

DotS the definition of FSD may vary. In Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as sexual dysfunction”.2

FSD or Not

If a woman is not troubled by her sex life, does she have FSD?

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Sexual Problems At Midlife – Does the Problem Bother You or Your Partner? the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

“The question of being troubled is key when it comes to any potential sexual disorder, since the issue is not the sexual “problem” or condition itself but whether it is bothersome or troubling to the person or partners involved. For instance, if both partners in a couple are content to live without an active sex life, then a condition such as vaginal dryness or erectile difficulty does not really represent sexual dysfunction. Similarly, a woman who notices some decline in sexual desire over time may not be troubled by it if she is not in a relationship. However, if she meets a partner with high libido, she may start to see her low sex drive as a problem”.3

Types

What are some types of FSD?

In Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Symptoms vary depending on what type of sexual dysfunction you’re experiencing:

  • Low sexual desire. This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of sexual interest and willingness to be sexual
  • Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty with arousal or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity
  • Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation
  • Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact”.4

Anorgasmia

What is anorgasmia?

DotS the definition of anorgasmia may vary. The Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Anorgasmia is delayed, infrequent or absent orgasms — or significantly less-intense orgasms — after sexual arousal and adequate sexual stimulation. Women who have problems with orgasms and who feel significant distress about those problems may be diagnosed with anorgasmia”.5

Is there an association between anorgasmia and aging?

In Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Causes: Physical Causes the Mayo Clinic explain:

  • “Age-Related Changes To the Body. Changes to the body after menopause or later in life may contribute to various types of sexual dysfunction”.6

Is anorgasmia a concern?

In Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Talk to your healthcare professional if you have concerns about your sex life, especially if you’re concerned about your ability to have an orgasm”.7

FSD Common or Not

Sexual Health and Female Sexual DysfunctionHow common is FSD?

In Sexual Dysfunction the (United States) Cleveland Clinic note in October 2020:

“Some 43% of women and 31% of men report some degree of sexual dysfunction”.8

FSD Cause

What causes FSD?

In Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: Causes the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Sexual problems often develop when your hormones are in flux, such as after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes, or heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease, can also contribute to sexual dysfunction.

MenopauseFactors — often interrelated — that contribute to sexual dissatisfaction or dysfunction include:

  • Physical…
  • Hormonal…
  • Psychological and social…”.9

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have FSD?

If you think you have FSD and this troubles you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Talking To Your Healthcare Provider About Your Problem the NAMS reassure:

“If your provider asks about your sex life or sexual function, don’t miss the opportunity to be frank and look for help. More important, if your provider doesn’t ask specifically about your sexual function, don’t be afraid to bring up a distressing sexual problem yourself when you’re asked, “How are you feeling?” Most providers today are comfortable addressing such a problem; if your provider is not, consider looking for another.

There is absolutely no need to suffer (or let your relationship suffer) in silence”.10

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  1. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Sexual Problems At Midlife – Does the Problem Bother You or Your Partner? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/sexual-problems-at-midlife Accessed: 21 April 2024
  2. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  3. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Sexual Problems At Midlife – Does the Problem Bother You or Your Partner? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/sexual-problems-at-midlife Accessed: 21 April 2024
  4. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  5. Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 29 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  6. Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes: Causes – Physical Causes. 29 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  7. Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 29 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  8. Sexual Dysfunction. Last Reviewed: 27 October 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction Accessed: 21 April 2024
  9. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: Causes. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 21 April 2024
  10. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Talking To Your Health Care Provider About Your Problem. North America Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/effective-treatments-for-sexual-problems/talking-to-your-healthcare-provider-about-your-problem Accessed: 21 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 April 2024