“The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)
is a long-term national health study funded by the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, or NHLBI”.1
Date
What can it be important to be clear about with hormone therapy (HT) information?
It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of HT information, because this information may have been updated.
Symptoms or Chronic Conditions
What can it also be important to be clear about with HT information?
It can also be important to be clear about whether HT information is about the use of HT for the management of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness; or for the prevention of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, and osteoporotic fractures.
Women’s Health Initiative
What is the (United States) Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)?
In About WHI the WHI elaborate on:
“The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) is a long-term national health study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, or NHLBI”.2
Goal
What is the goal of the WHI?
In Women’s Health Initiative (WHI): What Is the Goal of the WHI? the (United States) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) explain:
“The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), is a long-term national health study that focuses on strategies for preventing heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. These chronic diseases are the major causes of death, disability, and frailty in older women of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds”.3
Original WHI Study Dates
When was the original WHI study?
In About WHI the WHI note:
“The original WHI study began in the early 1990s and concluded in 2005”.4
Original WHI Study
In the original WHI study, what were the three parts?
In Women’s Health Initiative (WHI): What Is the Goal of the WHI? the NHLBI explain:
“The original WHI study had three parts—a clinical trial, an observational study, and a community prevention study—and completed data collection in 2005”.5
Heart Disease
What did the WHI find about hormone replacement therapy and heart disease?
In Women’s Health Initiative (WHI): At A Glance the NHLBI note:

- “The WHI found that hormone replacement therapy did not prevent heart disease in postmenopausal women as once thought”.6
Hormone Replacement Therapy
What did the WHI’s first results for hormone therapy in 2002 show?
In The Controversial History of Hormone Replacement Therapy: Abstract the authors elaborate on:
Extension Studies
What are the WHI’s extension studies?
In About WHI the WHI explain:
Extension Studies Main Areas of Research
What are the extension studies main areas of research?
In About WHI the WHI elaborate on:
01 May 2024 Update – Chronic Disease Prevention
What do the authors conclude about the prevention of cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases in The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice, published 01 May 2024?
In The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance the authors conclude:
01 May 2024 Update – Vasomotor Symptoms
What do the authors conclude about vasomotor symptoms in The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice?
In The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance the authors conclude:
01 May 2024 Update – Routine Supplementation
What do the authors conclude about routine supplementation in The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice?
In The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance the authors conclude:
Health Care Provider
What if I choose to use HT?
On page four of Menopause and Menopause Hormone Therapy: 2. What Is MHT? the International Menopause Society’s (IMS) Leaflet for Women for World Menopause Day 2024, the IMS note:
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Women’s Health Initiative?
In Health Topics A-Z you may find:
Health Topics A-Z
- Hormone Therapy
- Hormone Therapy 2016 Revised Global Consensus Statement
- Hormone Therapy 2022 Update for Chronic Conditions
- Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks
- Hormone Therapy Videos
- Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy
- Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Therapy
- Menopause
- Menopause Videos 2025
- Postmenopause and Chronic Disease Prevention
Links
Where may I find Links related to Women’s Health Initiative?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.New or Updated
- Pre-Pandemic Leukocyte Count Is Associated With Severity of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Older Women In the Women’s Health Initiative [28 January 2025]
- The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice [01 May 2024]
- The Women’s Health Initiative Trials: Clinical Messages [17 July 2024]
- Video & Podcast Library: Videos – World Menopause Day 2024: Menopause and Hormone Therapy: Current Perspectives and Controversies [18 October 2024]
- Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Menopause and Hormone Therapy: Current Perspectives and Controversies [18 October 2024]
- Webinars: Previous – Recommendations on Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
- World Menopause Day [18 October 2024]: Leaflet for Women [Multiply Languages]
- World Menopause Day 2024: Poster for Women
- ACOG Explains: Managing Menopause Symptoms [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]
- A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Menopause Guidelines
- About WHI
- Association Between Insomnia, Stress Events, and Other Psychosocial Factors and Incident Atrial Fibrillation In Postmenopausal Women: Insights From the Women’s Health Initiative
- BMS & WHC’s 2020 Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy In Menopausal Women
- BMS TV: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- BMS TV: HRT and Breast Cancer: Overall Risks and Benefits
- BMS TV: HRT and the Risk of Breast Cancer
- BMS TV: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
Blood Pressure Control and Glaucoma Risk In Postmenopausal Women: An Analysis From the Women’s Health Initiative
- Build Better Bones.org [International Osteoporosis Foundation]
- Chocolate Consumption In Relation To All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality In Women: The Women’s Health Initiative
- Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Healthcare Visit
- Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
- EMAS On-Demand Webinars [European Menopause and Andropause Society] [Multiply Languages]: Impact of Estrogen Deficiency on Quality of Life In Asia and the Role of Continuous Combined MHT In Treatment (EN)
- Experts Answer Your Menopause Questions In New Video
- Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
- Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
- Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
- Getting At the Heart of Needs In Women’s Heart Health
- Guidance on Menopausal Hormone Therapy
- HRT Questions Answered
- HRT – Types, Doses and Regimens
- HRT: Benefits and Risks
- HRT: Summary
- HRT: The History – HRT Timeline
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions
- Hormone Therapy: Four Things A Mayo Clinic Women’s Health Specialist Wants You To Know [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network. Name Super/CG: Taryn Smith, M.D./Internal Medicine/Mayo Clinic]
- Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
- Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? [+ Video: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?]
- Infertility and Risk of Heart Failure In the Women’s Health Initiative
- Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause
- Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [+ Video: Is HRT Bad for You?] [Other Languages and Formats]
- Longitudinal Patterns of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, Total Body Composition, and Anthropometric Measures In Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative
- Managing Your Symptoms
- Managing Menopause Symptoms [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
- Mayo Clinic Q and A: Lifestyle Changes To Reduce Heart Attack and Stroke Risk
- Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy Trends Before Versus After 2002: Impact of the Women’s Health Initiative Study Results
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Change In Physical Activity In the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Clinical Trials
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Venous Thromboembolism
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Heart Disease and Stroke
- Menopause
- Menopause
- Menopause
- Menopause Management Options
- Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
- Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 3. The Risks & Benefits of HRT
- Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 4. The Different Types of HRT
- Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
- Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
- Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
- Menopause: Identification and Management [NICE Guideline Published: 12 November 2015 Last Updated: 07 November 2024]
- Menopause: Identification and Management: NICE Guideline [NG23] Published: 12 November 2015 Last Updated: 07 November 2024
- Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
- Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
- Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
- Pathtogoodbonehealth.org [Your Path To Good Bone Health, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
- Perimenopause
- Perimenopause
- Persistent Gap In Menopause Care 20 Years After the WHI: A Population-Based Study of Menopause-Related Symptoms and Their Management
- Pre-Pandemic Leukocyte Count Is Associated With Severity of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Older Women In the Women’s Health Initiative
- Psychosocial Stress and Bone Loss Among Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative
- Q&A: At 20 Years, WHI Emphasizes Personalized Postmenopausal Care, Shared Decision-Making
- Reappraising 21 Years of the WHI Study: Putting the Findings In Context for Clinical Practice
- Relationships of Depression and Antidepressant Use With Epigenetic Age Acceleration and All-Cause Mortality Among Postmenopausal Women
- Shedding Light on the Menopause Experience and Demystifying Treatment
- The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause
- The Truth About Hormone Therapy for Menopause
- The Women’s Health Initiative
- The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice
- The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer: Findings In Context
- The Women’s Health Initiative Study and Hormone Therapy – What Have We Learned 10 Years On?
- The Women’s Health Initiative Trials: Clinical Messages
- ‘Tis But A Scratch: A Critical Review of the Women’s Health Initiative Evidence Associating Menopausal Hormone Therapy With the Risk of Breast Cancer
- Video: Leslie Cho, MD, Discusses CV Risks, Benefits of Menopausal Hormone Therapy
- Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Cardiovascular Disease In Women
- Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Preventing Bone Loss At Menopause
- Video & Podcast Library: Videos – World Menopause Day 2024: Menopause and Hormone Therapy: Current Perspectives and Controversies
- Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Menopause and Hormone Therapy: Current Perspectives and Controversies
- Videos and Podcasts: Videos – The Women’s Health Initiative – What Can We Believe?
- Webinars: Previous – Approach To Bone Health In the Perimenopause and Postmenopause?
- Webinars: Previous – Cardiovascular Disease
- Webinars: Previous – Non-Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
- Webinars: Previous – Recommendations on Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
- What Is Menopause? [+ Video]
- Women’s Health Initiative
- Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)
- Women’s Health Initiative: Recent Publications
- World Menopause Day 2023
- World Menopause Day 2023: Patient Information Leaflet
- World Menopause Day 2024: Leaflet for Women [Multiply Languages]
- World Menopause Day 2024: Poster for Women
- World Menopause Day 2024: The IMS White Paper: Menopause and MHT In 2024: Addressing the Key Controversies [Multiply Languages]
Sources
Where may I find the Sources quoted?
You may find the Sources quoted at:
Sources
- About WHI. Women’s Health Initiative https://www.whi.org/about-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- About WHI. Women’s Health Initiative https://www.whi.org/about-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Women’s Health Initiative (WHI): What Is the Goal of the WHI? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/womens-health-initiative-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- About WHI. Women’s Health Initiative https://www.whi.org/about-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Women’s Health Initiative (WHI): What Is the Goal of the WHI? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/womens-health-initiative-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Women’s Health Initiative (WHI): At A Glance. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/womens-health-initiative-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Cagannci, A. and Venier, M. The Controversial History of Hormone Replacement Therapy: Abstract. Published Online 18 September 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780820/ Accessed: 08 January 2025
- About WHI. Women’s Health Initiative https://www.whi.org/about-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- About WHI. Women’s Health Initiative https://www.whi.org/about-whi Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Manson, J.A, E. Crandall, C. J., Rossouw, J. E. et al. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance. 01 May 2024 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/ Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Manson, J.A, E. Crandall, C. J., Rossouw, J. E. et al. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance. 01 May 2024 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/ Accessed: 08 January 2025
- Manson, J.A, E. Crandall, C. J., Rossouw, J. E. et al. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance. 01 May 2024 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/ Accessed: 08 January 2025