“Women are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis because of the rapid decline in oestrogen levels during menopause. When oestrogen levels decrease, bones…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Osteoporosis Risk and Prevention Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Osteoporosis Prevention
  • Osteoporosis Risk
  • Osteoporosis Risk Factors

Women

Is there an association between women and the risk of developing osteoporosis?

In What Women Need To Know the (United States) National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) note:

“Being female puts you at risk of developing osteoporosis and broken bones. Here are some facts:

  • Of the estimated 10 million Americans with osteoporosis, about eight million or 80% are women
  • Approximately one in two women over age 50 will break a bone because of osteoporosis
  • A woman’s risk of breaking a hip is equal to her combined risk of breast, uterine and ovarian cancer”.2

Women’s Risk Factors

What are women’s risk factors for developing osteoporosis?

In Osteoporosis and Arthritis: Two Common But Different Conditions – Osteoporosis the (United States National Institutes of Health) National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases’ NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center explain:

“Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include:

  • Thinness or small frame
  • Family history of the disease
  • Being postmenopausal and particularly having had early menopause
  • Abnormal absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea)
  • Prolonged use of certain medications, such as those used to treat lupus, asthma, thyroid deficiencies, and seizures
  • Low calcium intake
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol intake”.3

In Are You At Risk? the NOF explain:

“Uncontrollable Risk Factors

  • Being over age 50
  • Being female
  • Menopause
  • Family history of osteoporosis
  • Low body weight/being small and thin
  • Broken bones or height loss
Controllable Risk Factors

  • Not getting enough calcium and vitamin D
  • Not eating enough fruits and vegetables
  • Getting too much protein, sodium and caffeine
  • Having an inactive lifestyle
  • Smoking
  • Drinking too much alcohol
  • Losing weight”.4

The (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health also note:

“Smoking, lack of exercise, alcohol and high caffeine intake (5-6 cups of coffee or caffeinated soft drinks per day) can increase the risk of osteoporosis”.5

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and the risk of developing osteoporosis?

In Risk Factors: More Information on Risk Factors Osteoporosis Australia explain:

Osteoporosis Risk and Prevention“Women are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis because of the rapid decline in oestrogen levels during menopause. When oestrogen levels decrease, bones lose calcium and other minerals at a much faster rate. As a result a bone loss of approximately 2% per year occurs for several years after menopause”.6

Prevention

What is the key strategy for preserving bone mass after menopause?

On page three in Maintaining Health and Preventing Disease After the Menopause: Reducing the Risks of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Post Menopause the IMS elaborate on:

“Lifestyle and diet is the key strategy for preserving bone mass after menopause. Smoking and excessive alcohol use are toxic to bones and should be avoided. Moderate daily weight-bearing exercise strengthens bones and is recommended”.7

In Prevention and Healthy Living the NOF elaborate on:

“What Can You Do To Protect Your Bones?

  • Get enough calcium and vitamin D and eat a well balanced diet
  • Engage in regular exercise
  • Eat foods that are good for bone health, such as fruits and vegetables
  • Avoid smoking and limit alcohol to 2-3 drinks per day”.8

Bone Exercise

What is the best exercise for your bones?

In Exercise for Your Bone Health: The Best Bone Building Exercises NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center note:

“Weight-bearing and resistance exercises are the best for your bones. Weight-bearing exercises force you to work against gravity. They include walking, hiking, jogging, climbing stairs, playing tennis, and dancing. Resistance exercises – such as lifting weights – can also strengthen bones. Other exercises such as swimming and bicycling can help build and maintain strong muscles and have excellent cardiovascular benefits, but they are not the best way to exercise your bones”.9

Hormone Therapy and Bone Loss

Is menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) effective in the prevention of bone loss?

One of the points of consensus in the Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy – endorsed by seven menopause-related organizations – published online 20 June 2016 is:

  • “MHT, including tibolone and CE/BZA, is effective in the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women”.10

What is CE/BZA?

CE/BZA can be an abbreviation for Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Bazedoxifene.

Hormone Therapy and Fractures

Can MHT lower the risk of fractures?

One of the points of consensus in the Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy is:

  • “MHT has been shown to significantly lower the risk of hip, vertebral and other osteoporosis-related fractures in postmenopausal women”.11

Hormone Therapy and Osteoporosis

Can MHT lower the risk of osteoporosis?

One of the points of consensus in the Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy is:

  • “MHT, including tibolone, can be initiated in postmenopausal women at risk of fracture or osteoporosis before the age of 60 years or within 10 years after menopause”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I think I am at risk for osteoporosis?

If you think you are at risk for osteoporosis, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. What Can I Do To Prevent Osteoporosis? the North American Menopause Society encourage us to:

“Talk to your healthcare provider about your risk of osteoporosis and what you can do to help keep your bones strong, especially with good nutrition and exercise”.13

The NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center explain:

“Remember, exercise is only one part of an osteoporosis prevention or treatment program. Like a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, exercise helps strengthen bones at any age. But proper exercise and diet may not be enough to stop bone loss caused by medical conditions, menopause, or lifestyle choices such as tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. It is important to speak with your doctor about your bone health. Discuss whether you might be a candidate for a bone mineral density test. If you are diagnosed with low bone mass, ask what medications might help keep your bones strong”.14

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics related to Osteoporosis Risk and Prevention?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Osteoporosis Risk and Prevention?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
  1. 35 Ways to Stay Bone Strong
  2. About Osteoporosis
  3. Are You At Risk? Risk Factors
  4. Bone Basics
  5. Bone Densitometry
  6. Bone Densitometry & Menopause
  7. Bone Density
  8. Bone Density Exam/Testing
  9. Bone Density Scan [Image]
  10. Bone Health: Tips To Keep Your Bones Healthy
  11. Bone Mass Measurement: What the Numbers Mean
  12. Calcium Content of Common Foods
  13. Calcium/Vitamin D
  14. Calcium: Shopping List
  15. Chinese: Translated Fact Sheets In Chinese
  16. Communication With Your Doctor and Healthcare Team: Be Prepared for Your Visit
  17. DEXA (DXA) Scan
  18. Does Osteoporosis Run In Your Family?
  19. Exercise
  20. Exercise To Stay Healthy
  21. Exercise and Physical Activity for Osteoporosis and Bone Health [+ Exercise Videos and Fact Sheets]
  22. Exercise for Your Bone Health: A Complete Osteoporosis Program
  23. Exercise: Exercise and Bone Density
  24. Exercising With Osteoporosis: Stay Active the Safe Way
  25. Fixed Risk Factors
  26. Get A Bone Density Test
  27. Get the Facts on Calcium and Vitamin D
  28. Healthy Body: Menopause and Your Bone Health
  29. Healthy Bones for A Lifetime
  30. How Long Should You Take Certain Osteoporosis Drugs?
  31. Italian: Translated Fact Sheets In Italian
  32. Knowyourbones.org
  33. Looking After Your Bones
  34. Managing the Risk of Falls
  35. Medication and Treatment
  36. Medicines: Consumer Guide
  37. Menopause & Osteoporosis
  38. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. What can I do to prevent osteoporosis?
  39. Menopause – How Will It Affect My Health? [Multiply Languages] [Video]
  40. Modifiable Risk Factors
  41. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center [National Institutes of Health, United States]
  42. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Osteoporosis
  43. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [United States]: Understanding Bone Health
  44. Nutrients: Bone Healthy Ingredients
  45. Nutrition: Food and Your Bones – Osteoporosis Nutrition Guidelines
  46. Osteopedia [Glossary of Terms]
  47. Osteopenia
  48. Osteoporosis
  49. Osteoporosis
  50. Osteoporosis
  51. Osteoporosis
  52. Osteoporosis Exercise for Strong Bones
  53. Osteoporosis Explained – A British Menopause Society Video
  54. Osteoporosis Overview
  55. Osteoporosis Treatment: Medications Can Help
  56. Osteoporosis [Video]
  57. Osteoporosis and African American Women
  58. Osteoporosis and Asian American Women
  59. Osteoporosis and Hispanic Women
  60. Osteoporosis – Multiply Languages
  61. Osteoporosis: Bone Health Following the Menopause
  62. Osteoporosis: Overview [Video Interview Stories]
  63. Osteoporosis: Prevention
  64. Osteoporosis: Who Develops Osteoporosis? [Video Interview Stories]
  65. Possible Fracture Risk With Osteoporosis Drugs
  66. Preventing Fractures
  67. Preventing Osteoporosis
  68. Preventing Osteoporosis: Questions for the Doctor
  69. Prevention
  70. Prevention and Healthy Living
  71. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
  72. Prevention: What Can You Do To Protect Your Bones?
  73. Questions To Ask Your Healthcare Provider About Bone Health and Osteoporosis
  74. Recipes: Bone Healthy Recipes
  75. Resources [Includes Translated Information]
  76. Risk Factors
  77. Riskcheck.iofbonehealth.org: Osteoporosis. Risk. Check
  78. Smoking and Bone Health
  79. Statins Could Increase or Decrease Osteoporosis Risk – the Dosage Makes the Difference
  80. Stopfalls.org [Fall Prevention Center of Excellence, United States]
  81. The Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis: What It Means To You
  82. Treating Osteoporosis
  83. Treatment
  84. Treatment Options
  85. Treatment: Questions Patients Have About Medications [Video]
  86. Video Series-2018 – Bone Health
  87. Video Series-2019 – Bone Density Facts
  88. Vietnamese: Translated Fact Sheets In Vietnamese
  89. Vitamin D
  90. What Breast Cancer Survivors Need To Know About Osteoporosis
  91. What Women Need To Know
  92. What Women Need To Know: African-American Women
  93. What Women Need To Know: Asian-American Women
  94. What Women Need To Know: Caucasian Women
  95. What Women Need To Know: Latina Women
  96. What Women Need To Know: Losing Bone Mass
  97. Who’s At Risk?
  98. Women’s Wellness: Risks of Osteoporosis
  99. Worldosteoporosisday.org: World Osteoporosis Day October 20
  100. Worldosteoporosisday.org: World Osteoporosis Day October 20 – Resources Osteoporosis Risk and Prevention

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted above?

You may find the Sources at:

Sources

  1. Risk Factors: More Information on Risk Factors. Last Updated: 23 February 2017. Osteoporosis Australia https://www.osteoporosis.org.au/risk-factors Accessed: 11 January 2020
  2. What Women Need To Know. National Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/preventing-fractures/general-facts/what-women-need-to-know/ Accessed: 11 January 2020
  3. Osteoporosis and Arthritis: Two Common But Different Conditions – Osteoporosis. Last Reviewed: December 2018. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/Conditions_Behaviors/osteoporosis_arthritis.asp Accessed: 11 January 2020
  4. Are You At Risk? National Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/prevention/general-facts/bone-basics/are-you-at-risk/ Accessed: 11 January 2020
  5. Health After Menopause: Bone Health & Osteoporosis. Last Updated 13 December 2019 — Last Reviewed 17 December 2017. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/health-after-menopause/ Accessed: 11 January 2020
  6. Risk Factors: More Information on Risk Factors. Last Updated: 23 February 2017. Osteoporosis Australia https://www.osteoporosis.org.au/risk-factors Accessed: 11 January 2020
  7. Maintaining Health and Preventing Disease After the Menopause: Reducing the Risks of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Post Menopause. 2014:3. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/downloads/world_menopause_day_2014/booklets/ims_wmd_booklet_2014_english.pdf Accessed: 11 January 2020
  8. Prevention and Healthy Living. Last Reviewed 08/09/2018. National Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/preventing-fractures/prevention/prevention-and-healthy-living/ Accessed: 11 January 2020
  9. Exercise for Your Bone Health: The Best Bone Building Exercise. Last Reviewed: October 2018. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Bone_Health/Exercise/default.asp Accessed: 11 January 2020
  10. De Villiers, T. J., Hall, J. E., Pinkerton, J. V., Pérez, S. C., Rees, M., Yang, C. and Pierroz, D. D. Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section A: Benefit/Risk Profile of MHT. Climacteric, 2016;19:4:313 https://www.imsociety.org/manage/images/pdf/ba6379e868044bec13015ac2b84f2753.pdf Accessed: 11 January 2020
  11. De Villiers, T. J., Hall, J. E., Pinkerton, J. V., Pérez, S. C., Rees, M., Yang, C. and Pierroz, D. D. Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section A: Benefit/Risk Profile of MHT. Climacteric, 2016;19:4:313 https://www.imsociety.org/manage/images/pdf/ba6379e868044bec13015ac2b84f2753.pdf Accessed: 11 January 2020
  12. De Villiers, T. J., Hall, J. E., Pinkerton, J. V., Pérez, S. C., Rees, M., Yang, C. and Pierroz, D. D. Revised Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Section A: Benefit/Risk Profile of MHT. Climacteric, 2016;19:4:313 https://www.imsociety.org/manage/images/pdf/ba6379e868044bec13015ac2b84f2753.pdf Accessed: 11 January 2020
  13. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. What can I do to prevent osteoporosis? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 11 January 2020
  14. Exercise for Your Bone Health: A Complete Osteoporosis Program. Last Reviewed: October 2018. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Bone_Health/Exercise/default.asp Accessed: 11 January 2020
Topic Last Updated: 11 January 2020 – Topic Last Reviewed: 11 January 2020
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