“Employers who make workplaces responsive
to gender and diversity will be better able
to attract and retain skilled and talented staff”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause and the Workplace Research Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause and the Workplace
  • Menopause in the Workplace

Menopause Workplace

What do the Australian Menopause Society (AMS) explain about Menopause and the Workplace?

In Menopause and the Workplace the AMS explain:

“Addressing menopause at work can benefit both employers and employees.

Employers who make workplaces responsive to gender and diversity will be better able to attract and retain skilled and talented staff. Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues in workplaces”.2

Menopause and the Workplace Research

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace Research?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace Research?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Sources

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Sources

  1. Menopause and the Workplace. Content Updated November 2022. Australian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-the-workplace Accessed: 03 September 2024
  2. Menopause and the Workplace. Content Updated November 2022. Australian Menopause Society https://www.menopause8September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 05 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 September 2024

“Each woman’s vulva is unique in size, shape, colour and appearance. It’s normal for the left and right sides of the vulva to be different in shape and size, especially the…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Vulva Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Genitals
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Discomfort/Pain
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Skin Conditions
  • Vulvovaginal Discomfort/Pain
  • “Down Below/There”
  • “Feminine Pain”
  • “Lady Parts”
  • “Private Parts”
  • “Privates”
  • “Women’s Bits”

Vulva and Vagina

What is the difference between the vulva and the vagina?

In About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? [+ Image] the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health JH explain:

“Some people think the vulva is the vagina, but they are different. Your vulva is the external part of the female genitals that you can see. Your vagina is inside your body. It extends from your vulva to the start of your uterus. It’s where your period flows down from the uterus, where you can have sexual intercourse (or other types of penetration) and where babies pass through during childbirth”.2

Diagram

Where may I find a diagram of the vagina?

Your Country’s Women’s Health website may include a topic similar to the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) topic which includes a diagram:

Vulva

What are parts of the vulva?

In About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? [+ Image] the JH note:

“Your vulva includes:

  • the area covered with pubic hair (mons pubis)
  • the outer lips, which are covered with pubic hair (labia majora)
  • the inner lips, which are not covered with pubic hair (labia minora)
  • the clitoris and its hood
  • the area around your vaginal and urinary openings (vestibule)
  • the urinary opening (where wee comes out)
  • the vaginal opening
  • the area of skin between your vagina and anus (perineum)”.3

Different Differences

Are vulva one-size-fits-all?

Vulva are different. In About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance the JH elaborate on:

Vulva“Each woman’s vulva is unique in size, shape, colour and appearance. It’s normal for the left and right sides of the vulva to be different in shape and size, especially the labia minora. Many images you see online are heavily edited to make the vulva look symmetrical and childlike”.4

In What’s Normal: What Is Normal Vulval & Vaginal Anatomy? the (Australian) Caredownthere.com.au elaborate on:

“The vulva area is one of the most variable parts of the body, with more normal variations than noses! The range of “normal appearances” is so wide that even your family doctor may not be sure about whether you are normal “down there”. So there have always been some women who worry about how their vulvas look. To make matters worse, the internet has allowed the fashionistas who make us feel abnormal about our weight and breast size, to also make us feel abnormal about our vulvas. Is nothing sacred?

If everything is working well down there, then it must be normal! So try not to worry about your vulval size or shape: if it works for you, who cares what anyone else thinks?”5

Vulval Problems

Can vulval problems be skin problems?

In Essential Information: Some Facts About the Vulva – Where Do Vulval Problems Belong Medically? [+ Image] Caredownthere.com explain:

“The vulva is part of the skin and most of the things that go wrong there are skin conditions that happen on other parts of the skin. This includes common skin problems like dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic reactions. Some of the skin conditions that involve the vulva are not common on other parts of the skin, and this includes a condition called lichen sclerosus”.6

Female Genital Mutilation

What is female genital mutilation (FGM)?

In International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February: Ending Female Genital Mutilation By 2030 the United Nations’ definition is:

“Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons and is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights, the health and the integrity of girls and women”.7

In Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Overview the (United Kingdom) NHS explain:

“Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there’s no medical reason for this to be done.

It’s also known as female circumcision or cutting, and by other terms, such as Sunna, gudniin, halalays, tahur, megrez and khitan, among others”.8

How common is FGM?

In Female Genital Mutilation: How Prevalent Is FGM? UNICEF note:

“While the exact number of girls and women to have undergone FGM worldwide remains unknown, at least 230 million girls and women from 31 countries across three continents have been subjected to the practice”.9

In Female Genital Mutilation: Who Is At Risk?, dated 05 February 2024, the World Health Organization also note:

“FGM is mostly carried out on young girls between infancy and adolescence, and occasionally on adult women. According to available data from 30 countries where FGM is practiced in the western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa, and some countries in the Middle East and Asia, more than 200 million girls and women alive today have been subjected to the practice with more than 3 million girls estimated to be at risk of FGM annually. FGM is therefore of global concern”.10

Mirror, Mirror

How can women detect any changes in the appearance of their vulva?

The JH explain:

“It’s a good idea to see what your vulva looks like. You can use a mirror to see what is normal for you. This will make it easier to detect any changes in appearance, for example, changes in colour or skin. The Labia Library is a great online resource that shows a range of ‘normal’ photos of labia”.11

Labia Library

What is the Labia Library?

In the Labia Library the (Australian) Women’s Health Victoria elaborate on:

“Women’s Health Victoria has developed the Labia Library to bust common myths about how ‘normal’ labia look. There’s also a photo gallery that shows you just how unique everyone’s labia are, and includes people across a wide range of ages, genders and experiences”.12

Vulval Clinics

What are specialist vulval clinics?

DotC (Depending on the Country) there may be specialist vulval clinics with gynecologists, dermatologists, physiotherapists and other staff specializing in vulval conditions. These clinics may be called:

Vulval Clinics

  • Genito-Urinary Medicine Clinics
  • Multidisciplinary Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulvovaginal Clinics

Health Care Provider

What if I am worried about something down there?

If you are worried about something – anything – down there, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The JH explain:

“If you are worried about the smell, or have symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation, soreness, painful sex or pain when you wee, see your doctor”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Vulva?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Vulva?

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Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance. Last Updated: 02 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 05 September 2024
  2. About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? Last Updated: 02 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 05 September 2024
  3. About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? Last Updated: 02 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 05 September 2024
  4. About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance. Last Updated: 02 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 05 September 2024
  5. What’s Normal: What Is Normal Vulval & Vaginal Anatomy? Caredownthere.com.au https://www.caredownthere.com.au/_pages/normal.html Accessed: 05 September 2024
  6. Essential Information: Some Facts About the Vulva – Where Do Vulval Problems Belong Medically? Caredownthere.com.au https://www.caredownthere.com.au/_pages/information_vulva.html Accessed: 05 September 2024
  7. International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February: Ending Female Genital Mutilation By 2030. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/observances/female-genital-mutilation-day Accessed: 05 September 2024
  8. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Overview. Page Last Reviewed: 27 September 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/female-genital-mutilation-fgm/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  9. Female Genital Mutilation: How Prevalent Is FGM? UNICEF https://www.unicef.org/protection/female-genital-mutilation Accessed: 05 September 2024
  10. Female Genital Mutilation: Who Is At Risk? Updated: 05 February 2024. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation Accessed: 05 September 2024
  11. About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance. Last Updated: 02 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 05 September 2024
  12. Labia Library. Women’s Health Victoria http://www.labialibrary.org.au/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  13. About the Vulva and Vagina: Smell. Last Updated: 02 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 05 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 19 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 05 September 2024

“Race: More black women report having hot flashes
during menopause than do women of other races.
Hot flashes are reported least frequently in Asian women”.1

Umbrella

What may the Culture Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Culture
  • Way of Life

Menopause

What has been noted about menopause and culture?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing the Menopause Supporting Notes, published online 30 October 2023, the authors note:

“The menopause is a physiological process experienced by all women who live beyond midlife. The perception and experience of the menopause transition and years post menopause is unique to each woman and will be influenced by the age at which menopause occurs, whether it is natural or iatrogenic, past and current physical and psychological health and well-being, and ethnicity, environment and culture”.2

Vasomotor Symptoms

Is there an association between hot flushes and night sweats, vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and westernized countries?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Symptoms of the Menopause – Symptom Prevalence, published online 30 October 2023, the authors also explain:

“Similar prevalences of VMS have been reported across the world, for example in Japan, Bangladesh and Iran, dispelling the belief that menopausal symptoms are phenomena of westernized countries”.3

Hot FlushesMenopause and Culture

Is there an association between hot flushes and culture?

In Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Risk Factors the (United States) Mayo Clinic note:

  • “Race: More black women report having hot flashes during menopause than do women of other races. Hot flashes are reported least frequently in Asian women”.4

Health Topics A-Z

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Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and Culture?

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Sources

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Sources

  1. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Risk Factors. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 02 September 2024
  2. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing the Menopause Supporting Notes. Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 02 September 2024
  3. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Symptoms of the Menopause – Symptom Prevalence. Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 02 September 2024
  4. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Risk Factors. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 02 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 02 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 02 September 2024

“Hormones are chemicals made in your body
that relay messages through your bloodstream.
For example, your hormones tell your body to eat and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormones Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Estrogen/Oestrogen
  • Hormones
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone
  • Women’s Sex Hormones

Hormones

What are hormones?

DotS the definition of hormones may vary. The (United States) Endocrine Society’s definition is:

Hormones–Made by endocrine glands, hormones are chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to tissues or organs. They affect many processes, including growth, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, and mood”.2

The (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:

“Hormones are chemicals made in your body that relay messages through your bloodstream. For example, your hormones tell your body to eat and sleep”.3

Menopause

What causes menopause?

In What Causes Menopause? the JH explain:

“Menopause happens when your reproductive hormones change and there are no eggs left in your ovaries. Menopause can happen at the expected age, prematurely or early”.4

Menopause Hormones

What three hormones are of particular relevance at menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause the JH elaborate on:

“The three main hormones that change as you approach menopause are:

  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone.

The change in hormone levels can lead to different menopausal symptoms”.5

Oestrogen

What is the role of oestrogen?

In Changes In Hormone Levels the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) elaborate on:

“As the primary “female” hormone, estrogen promotes the growth and health of the female reproductive organs and keeps the vagina moisturized, elastic (stretchy), and well supplied with blood”.6

Perimenopause

What is the association between perimenopause and hormones?

The JH explain:

“Your oestrogen production increases and decreases in the lead-up to menopause. As you approach your final period, your number of eggs decreases and oestrogen levels drop by up to 90%”.7

During perimenopause, does oestrogen decline in a nice neat regular fashion, getting less and less each month?

No. The NAMS note:Hormones

“Estrogen levels generally decline during perimenopause, but they do so in an irregular fashion. Sometimes there can be more estrogen present during perimenopause than in the past”.8

Progesterone

What is the role of progesterone?

The JH explain:

“Progesterone is responsible for things like mucus levels in your cervix, acidity levels in your vagina and milk cells in your breasts. It can also make you moody.

Progesterone is produced when an egg is released. It prepares your uterus for a fertilised egg and pregnancy. As you approach your final period, your progesterone levels decrease”.9

Testosterone

What is the role of testosterone?

The JH note:

“Testosterone is produced by your ovaries and other parts of your body.

You might think testosterone is a male hormone but it also plays an important role in women’s sexual desire, emotional wellbeing and bone and muscle strength.

Testosterone decreases gradually with age. In some women, levels fall by half between the ages of 20 and 40 years”.10

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

HormonesWhat is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

DotS the definition of PCOS may vary. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) the JH’s definition is:

“PCOS is a hormone imbalance that affects about one in 10 women. This condition is associated with increased levels of two hormones in the body – insulin and androgens (male-type hormones) – that cause symptoms such as absent or irregular periods, excessive facial and body hair, pimples, weight gain and challenges with fertility”.11

Health Care Provider

What if I need help with my hormones?

If you need help with your hormones, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can clarify your signs and symptoms, discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

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Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormones?

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Sources

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Sources

  1. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. Glossary. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/glossary Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  4. What Causes Menopause? Last Updated: 06 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  6. Changes In Hormone Levels. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/changes-at-midlife/changes-in-hormone-levels Accessed: 01 September 2024
  7. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause: Oestrogen. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  8. Changes In Hormone Levels. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/changes-at-midlife/changes-in-hormone-levels Accessed: 01 September 2024
  9. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause: Progesterone. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  10. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause: Testosterone. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 01 September 2024
  11. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/resources/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos Accessed: 01 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

“Although not proven by studies, slowly decreasing your
dose of estrogen over several months or even over several
years may reduce the chance that your hot flashes…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy and Stopping Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
  • Stopping Hormone Therapy

Right Time

Is there a right time to stop HT?

On page two in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Stopping Hormone Therapy published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) note:


Hormone Therapy and Stopping“There is no “right” time to stop HT. Many women try to stop HT after 4 to 5 years because of concerns about potential increased risk of breast cancer. Other women may lower doses or change to non-pill forms of HT. Hot flashes may or may not return after you stop HT”.2

Right Age

Is there a right age to stop HT?

On page two in the The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement published 07 July 2022, the NAMS explain:

Hormone Therapy and Stopping

  • “Hormone therapy does not need to be routinely discontinued in women aged older than 60 or 65 years and can be considered for continuation beyond age 65 for persistent VMS, quality-of-life issues, or prevention of osteoporosis after appropriate evaluation and counseling of benefits and risks
  • For women with GSM, vaginal estrogen (and systemic if required) or other nonestrogen therapies may be used at any age and for extended duration, if needed”.3

What is VMS?

VMS can be an abbreviation for Vasomotor Symptoms such as hot flushes or night sweats.

What is GSM?

GSM can be an abbreviation for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “The decision whether to take HRT, the dose and duration of its use should be made on an individualised basis after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. This should be considered in the context of the overall benefits obtained from using HRT including symptom control and improving quality of life as well as considering the bone and cardiovascular benefits associated with HRT use. Discussions with women should also cover aspects such as when to consider stopping HRT and how this can be done (by gradually reducing the dose of HRT). No arbitrary limits should be set on age or duration of HRT intake”.4

Age 65

Is stopping HT routinely at the age of 65 recommended?

No. In Starting and Stopping Hormone Therapy: Risks and Benefits the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) explain:

“There are no arbitrary limits regarding how long MHT can be taken – it can be taken for as long as the woman feels the benefits outweigh the risks for her, and decisions must be made on an individual basis. Stopping routinely at the age of 65 is not recommended”.5

Right Way

Is there a right way to stop HT?

In Starting and Stopping Hormone Therapy: Stopping MHT the EMAS note:

  • “There appears to be no advantage in tapering down or in stopping abruptly”.6

The NAMS explain:

“Although not proven by studies, slowly decreasing your dose of estrogen over several months or even over several years may reduce the chance that your hot flashes will come back. You and your healthcare professional will work together to decide the best time to stop HT”.7

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): When To Take Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) – Stopping HRT the (United Kingdom) NHS note:

“Talk to a GP if you’re thinking about stopping HRT.

If you’re over 50 years old and are taking HRT to relieve menopause symptoms, a GP might suggest that you try stopping every 2 to 3 years, to see if you still need it or if your symptoms have improved.

If your menopause symptoms return when you try stopping, and you decide that the benefits of HRT for your symptoms still outweigh the risks, you can keep taking HRT for longer”.8

Who is a GP?

DotS and DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.

Health Care Provider

What if I unsure about when and how to stop HT?

If you are unsure about when and how to stop HT, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The NAMS explain:

“If very bothersome hot flashes or night sweats return when you stop HT, you will need to reassess your individual risks and benefits to decide whether to continue HT. Because there may be greater risks with longer duration of use and as you age, you and your healthcare professional will work together to decide what is the best option for you”.9

Health Topics A-Z

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  1. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Stopping Hormone Therapy. 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Stopping Hormone Therapy. 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  4. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayesena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 01 September 2024
  5. Starting and Stopping Hormone Therapy: Stopping MHT. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Starting-and-stopping-hormone-therapy.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  6. Starting and Stopping Hormone Therapy: Risks and Benefits. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Starting-and-stopping-hormone-therapy.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  7. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Stopping Hormone Therapy. 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  8. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): When To Take Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) – Stopping HRT. Page Last Reviewed: 04 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/when-to-take-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  9. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Stopping Hormone Therapy. 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

“Jean Hailes for Women’s Health is a national not-for-profit organisation dedicated to improving women’s knowledge and understanding of complex health issues”.1

Umbrella

What may the Jean Hailes for Women’s Health Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Jean Hailes
  • Jean Hailes Foundation
  • Jean Hailes for Women’s Health

Definition

What is the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH)?

In About: Who We Are the JH explain:

“Jean Hailes for Women’s Health is a national not-for-profit organisation dedicated to improving women’s knowledge and understanding of complex health issues”.2

Vision

What is the vision of the JH?

In About: Who We Are – Our Vision the JH explain:

“We believe in physical and emotional health and wellbeing in all its dimensions for all women in Australia throughout their lives”.3

Women’s Health Week 2024

When is the JH Women’s Health Week 2024?

In Women’s Health Week the JH note Women’s Health Week 2024 is from 2 to 6 September 2024.

Health Topics A-Z

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  1. About Us: Who We Are. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/about/who-we-are Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. About Us: Who We Are. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/about/who-we-are Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. About Us: Who We Are – Our Vision. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/about/who-we-are Accessed: 01 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

Menopause News October 2024 includes
some evidence-based menopause news
by menopause societies and international sources.

Umbrella

What may the Menopause News October 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Latest News
  • Media Releases
  • Menopause News
  • News
  • Position Statements
  • Press Releases/Statements
  • Reports

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with Menopause News?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of Menopause News, because this information may have been updated.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what Menopause News October 2024 is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what Menopause News October 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Menopause News October 2024

What is some Menopause News October 2024?

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Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

If you would like to find out what information
in menopause society journals is applicable to you,
it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your…

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Society Journals Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Climacteric
  • Maturitas
  • Menopause Society Journals
  • Post Reproductive Health

Menopause Society Journals

What are some menopause society journals?

Some menopause journals include (in alphabetical order):

1. Climacteric

What is the International Menopause Society’s (IMS) journal?

In About the Journal: Aims and Scope the IMS elaborate on:

“Climacteric is the official journal of the International Menopause Society (IMS). As an international peer-reviewed journal it publishes original research and reviews of all aspects of aging in women”.1

2. Journal of Menopausal Medicine

What is the Korean Society of Menopause’s (KSM) Journal of Menopausal Medicine (JMM)?

In About: Aims and Scope the KSM elaborate on:

“JMM is the official journal of the Korean Society of Menopause(KSM), Asia Pacific Menopause Federation(APMF), and Japan Society for Menopause and Women’s Health (JMWH). Its specific focus includes but is not limited to research on Asian women’s mid-life health with respect to genetic, ethnic, social, and environmental differences from other areas of the world”.2

3. Journal of Mid-Life Health

What is the Indian Menopause Society’s (IMS) Journal of Mid-Life Health?

In About The Journal: Scope of the Journal the IMS elaborate on:

“Journal of mid-life health is the official journal of the Indian Menopause society published Quarterly in January, April, July and October. It is peer reviewed, scientific journal of mid-life health and its problems. It includes all aspects of mid-life health, preventive as well as curative. The journal publishes on subjects such as gynecology, neurology, geriatrics, psychiatry, endocrinology, urology, andrology, psychology, healthy ageing, cardiovascular health, bone health, quality of life etc. as relevant of men and women in their midlife”.3

4. Maturitas

What is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s (EMAS) journal?

In Maturitas An International Journal of Midlife and Beyond the EMAS explain:

Maturitas is an international multidisciplinary peer reviewed scientific journal of midlife health and beyond publishing original research, reviews, consensus statements and guidelines. The scope encompasses all aspects of postreproductive health in both genders ranging from basic science to health and social care”.4

5. Menopause The Journal of The Menopause Society

What is The Menopause Society’s (formerly The North American Menopause Society) journal?

In Menopause The Journal of The Menopause Society The Menopause Society elaborate on:

“Menopause, published monthly, provides a forum for new research, applied basic science, and clinical guidelines on all aspects of menopause. The scope and usefulness of the journal extend beyond gynecology, encompassing many varied biomedical areas, including internal medicine, family practice, medical subspecialties such as cardiology and geriatrics, epidemiology, pathology, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and pharmacology. This forum is essential to help integrate these areas, highlight needs for future research, and enhance health care”.5

6. Post Reproductive Health Journal

What is the British Menopause Society’s (BMS) journal?

In Post Reproductive Health Journal: The Official Journal of the British Menopause Society – About the Journal the BMS elaborate on:

“As the official journal of the British Menopause Society (BMS), Post Reproductive Health has a broad scope, tackling all the issues in this field, including the current controversies surrounding postmenopausal health and an ageing and expanding female population”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what information in menopause society journals is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what information in menopause society journals is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Society Journals?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

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Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

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You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. About the Journal: Aims and Scope. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/climacteric/about/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. About: Aims and Scope. Korean Society of Menopause https://www.e-jmm.org/index.php?body=aims Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. About Us: About the Journal. Indian Menopause Society https://journals.lww.com/JOMH/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx Accessed: 01 September 2024
  4. Maturitas Journal. European Society of Menopause and Andropause https://www.maturitas.org/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  5. Menopause The Journal of the Menopause Society. The Menopause Society https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx Accessed: 01 September 2024
  6. Post Reproductive Health Journal: The Official Journal of the British Menopause Society – About the Journal. Website Last Reviewed: July 2024. British Menopause Society https://thebms.org.uk/publications/journal/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

“Self-esteem relates to how we think
and feel about ourselves,
and how much value you think you have as a person”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Self-Esteem Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Self-Esteem
  • Self-Image

Self-Esteem

What is self-esteem?

DotS the definition of self-esteem may vary. The (Scottish) NHS Inform’s definition is:

“Self-esteem relates to how we think and feel about ourselves, and how much value you think you have as a person. Your self-esteem can affect how you view achievements and setbacks, so if you have low self-esteem, for example, you’re likely to focus more on your setbacks than your successes. People with low self-esteem often ignore their own achievements and positive things about themselves, and criticise themselves even when there’s no reason to”.2

Self-Image

What is self-image?

DotS the definition of self-image may vary. The (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s definition is:

“Self-image is the personal view, or mental picture, that we have of ourselves. Self-image is an “internal dictionary” that describes the characteristics of the self, including such things as intelligent, beautiful, ugly, talented, selfish, and kind. These characteristics form a collective representation of our assets (strengths) and liabilities (weaknesses) as we see them”.3

Thoughts

Is there an association between thoughts and self-esteem?

The Cleveland Clinic notes:

Menopause Self-Esteem“The image we see in the mirror may be a real or distorted view of who we really are. Based on this view, we develop either a positive or a negative self-image. The strengths and weaknesses we have adopted affect how we act today. We continually take in information and evaluate ourselves in several areas, such as physical appearance (How do I look?), performance (How am I doing?), and relationships (How important am I?)”.4

Increasing Self-Esteem

How may self-esteem be increased?

In Fostering A Positive Self-Image: Specific Steps To Develop A Positive Self-Image the Cleveland Clinic include:

  • “Take a self-image inventory
  • Make a list of your positive qualities
  • Ask significant others to describe your positive qualities
  • Define personal goals and objectives that are reasonable and measurable
  • Confront thinking distortions
  • Identify and explore the impact of childhood labels
  • Refrain from comparing yourself to others
  • Develop your strengths
  • Learn to love yourself
  • Give positive affirmations
  • Remember that you are unique
  • Remember how far you have come”.5

In Self-Esteem: Take Steps To Feel Better About Yourself – 3. Accept Your Thoughts the Mayo Clinic elaborate on steps to boost self-esteem based on cognitive behavioral therapy and steps to try based on acceptance and commitment therapy, while reminding us:

“These steps might seem awkward at first. But they’ll get easier with practice. Recognizing the thoughts and beliefs that affect low self-esteem allows you to change the way you think about them. This will help you accept your value as a person. As your self-esteem increases, your confidence and sense of well-being are likely to soar”.6

Challenging the Critic

How can we switch off the critic in our heads?

In Self-Esteem Self-Help Guide. Section 16 of 21 – 16. Challenging the Critic the NHS Inform elaborate on:

“People with low self-esteem often carry around a ‘critic’ in their heads – like an unpleasant voice repeating negative thoughts and ideas. Part of increasing your self-esteem is learning to challenge and silence that critic, and replace their voice with positive and encouraging thoughts”.7

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my self-esteem?

If you would like help with your self-esteem, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Self-Esteem?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

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Sources

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You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Self-Esteem Self-Help Guide. Section 2 of 21 – 2. What Is Self-Esteem? Last Updated: 03 July 2024. NHS Inform https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/mental-health-self-help-guides/self-esteem-self-help-guide Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. Self-Esteem Self-Help Guide. Section 2 of 21 – 2. What Is Self-Esteem? Last Updated: 03 July 2024. NHS Inform https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/mental-health-self-help-guides/self-esteem-self-help-guide Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. Fostering A Positive Self-Image – What Is Self-Image? This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020 Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 01 September 2024
  4. Fostering A Positive Self-Image: How Is Self-Image Developed? This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 01 September 2024
  5. Self-Esteem Self-Help Guide. Section 16 of 21 – 16. Challenging the Critic. Last Updated: 03 July 2024. NHS Inform https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/mental-health-self-help-guides/self-esteem-self-help-guide Accessed: 01 September 2024
  6. Self-Esteem: Take Steps To Feel Better About Yourself – 3. Accept Your Thoughts. 06 July 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374 Accessed: 10 February 2024
  7. Fostering A Positive Self-Image: Specific Steps To Develop A Positive Self-Image. This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 10 February 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

“An effective and safe treatment, low-dose local estrogen
applied directly to the vagina relieves vaginal dryness
and discomfort with sexual activity”.1

Umbrella

What may the Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Vaginal Estrogen/Oestrogen Products
  • Vaginal Inserts
  • Vaginal and Vulval Lubricants/Moisturizers
  • Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options

Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options

What are some menopause vaginal and vulval or Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) treatment options?

On page one and two in Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) elaborate on:

Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options“There are many effective treatment options for GSM, including over-the-counter and prescription therapies. First-line therapies for less severe symptoms include nonhormone over-the-counter lubricants used as needed for sexual activity and moisturizers used regularly (several times per week) to maintain moisture. Prescription therapies include low-dose vaginal estrogens, vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone inserts, and oral ospemifene. Nonhormone lubricants and moisturizers can be combined for optimal symptom relief and can be used in combination with prescription therapies for more severe symptoms.

  • Nonhormone Remedies
    • Vaginal Lubricants…
    • Vaginal Moisturizers…
    • Regular Sexual Stimulation…
    • Expanding Your Views of Sexual Pleasure…
    • Vaginal Dilators…
    • Pelvic Floor Exercises…
  • Vaginal Hormone Therapy…
    • An effective and safe treatment, low-dose local estrogen applied directly to the vagina relieves vaginal dryness and discomfort with sexual activity. Improvements usually occur within a few weeks or months with consistent use.
    • FDA-approved low-dose vaginal estrogen products…
    • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; Prasterone)
    • Low-dose vaginal estrogen or DHEA may be options for…
  • Systemic Estrogen Therapy
  • Other Therapies…
    • Ospemifene
    • Vaginal Laser Therapy…”.2

Vaginal Moisturizers and Vaginal Lubricants

What vaginal moisturizers and vaginal lubricants are available?

In Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“To treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause, your doctor may first recommend over-the-counter treatment options, including:

  • “Vaginal moisturizers. Try a vaginal moisturizer (K-Y Liquibeads, Replens, Sliquid, others) to restore some moisture to your vaginal area. You may have to apply the moisturizer every few days. The effects of a moisturizer generally last a bit longer than those of a lubricant
  • Water-based lubricants. These lubricants (Astroglide, K-Y Jelly, Sliquid, others) are applied just before sexual activity and can reduce discomfort during intercourse. Choose products that don’t contain glycerin or warming properties because women who are sensitive to these substances may experience irritation. Avoid petroleum jelly or other petroleum-based products for lubrication if you’re also using condoms, because petroleum can break down latex condoms on contact”.3

In Vaginal Dryness: Care and Treatment – How Is Vaginal Dryness Treated? Lubricants and Moisturizers for Vaginal Dryness the Cleveland Clinic explain:

“Lubricants and moisturizers are available without a prescription and can be purchased at drug or grocery stores. They work by replenishing your vaginal tissue and making it wet, which can help with pain during sex. You shouldn’t use moisturizers (such as for your face or body) that aren’t meant for your vagina.

  • Vaginal moisturizers: Apply vaginal moisturizers to the inside of your vagina every few days to keep your vaginal lining healthy. Some examples include Replens™, Luvena® and KY® Liquibeads.
  • Vaginal lubricants: Apply lubricants just before sexual intercourse to ease discomfort caused by sex. Astroglide® and KY® Jelly are examples of water-based vaginal lubricants. There are also silicone-based and oil-based lubricants”.4

Vaginal Estrogen

What is vaginal estrogen?

In Topical Estrogens and Non-Hormonal Preparations for Postmenopausal Vulvovaginal Atrophy: An EMAS Clinical Guide the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) explain:

Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options“An individualized approach is required for the management of VVA. Topical low-dose estrogens are effective and also alleviate urinary incontinence and prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. Women should not be denied long-term use of topical estrogens as long as they feel that this treatment is of benefit to them, because the safety data are reassuring.

Non-hormonal preparations (lubricants and moisturizers) should be the first-line treatment for VVA in women taking adjuvant endocrine therapies for cancers considered to be hormone-dependent. They can be used over the long term”.5

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use, published July 2022, the NAMS elaborate on:

“If you are bothered only by vaginal dryness, you can use very low doses of estrogen placed directly into the vagina. These low doses generally do not raise blood estrogen levels above postmenopause levels and do not treat hot flashes. You do not need to take a progestogen when using only low doses of estrogen in the vagina. (The MenoNoteVaginal Dryness” covers this topic in detail)”.6

In Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

  • “Topical Estrogen
    • Vaginal Estrogen Cream (Estrace, Premarin)…
    • Vaginal Estrogen Suppositories (Imvexxy)…
    • Vaginal Estrogen Ring (Estring, Femring)…
    • Vaginal Estrogen Tablet (Vagifem)…
  • Ospemifene (Osphena)…
  • Prasterone (Intrarosa)…
  • Systemic Estrogen Therapy…
  • Vaginal Dilators…
  • Topical Lidocaine…
  • If you’ve had breast cancer…”.7

On page three in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, published 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations can be taken by perimenopausal and menopausal women experiencing genitourinary symptoms and continued for as long as required. All vaginal oestrogen preparations have been shown to be effective in this context and there is no requirement to combine vaginal oestrogens with systemic progestogen treatment for endometrial protection, as low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations do not result in significant systemic absorption or endometrial hyperplasia”.8

Other Options

What other options are available?

In Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

  • “Ospemifene (Osphena)…
  • Prasterone (Intrarosa)…
  • Systemic Estrogen Therapy…
  • Vaginal Dilators…
  • Topical Lidocaine…
  • If you’ve had breast cancer…”.9

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to make down there less bothersome?

If you would like to make down there less bothersome, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Vaginal Discomfort: Discomfort Not Directly Related To Menopause the NAMS note:

“Because vaginal discomfort can arise from so many different sources, persistent symptoms of dryness, irritation, burning, itchiness, or pain should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to determine their cause”.10

In Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor the Mayo Clinic encourage us to:

“Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any unexplained vaginal spotting or bleeding, unusual discharge, burning, or soreness.

Also make an appointment to see your doctor if you experience painful intercourse that’s not resolved by using a vaginal moisturizer (K-Y Liquibeads, Replens, Sliquid, others) or water-based lubricant (Astroglide, K-Y Jelly, Sliquid, others)”.11

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Vaginal and Vulval Treatment Options?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options. 2022:1-2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options. 2022:1-2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352294 Accessed: 01 September 2024
  4. Vaginal Dryness: Care and Treatment – How Is Vaginal Dryness Treated? Lubricants and Moisturizers for Vaginal Dryness. Last Reviewed: 26 July 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21027-vaginal-dryness Accessed: 01 September 2024
  5. Topical Estrogens and Non-Hormonal Preparations for Postmenopausal Vulvovaginal Atrophy: An EMAS Clinical Guide. 13 April 2021. European North Menopause and Andropause Society https://www.maturitas.org/article/S0378-5122(21)00061-X/fulltext Accessed: 01 September 2024
  6. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 01 September 2024
  7. Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352294 Accessed: 09 March 2024
  8. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 01 September 2024
  9. Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352294 Accessed: 01 September 2024
  10. Vaginal Discomfort: Discomfort Not Directly Related To Menopause. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/causes-of-sexual-problems/vaginal-discomfort Accessed: 01 September 2024
  11. Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288 Accessed: 09 March 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024