“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and
policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of
the wider context of gender and age equality and…”.1
Umbrella
What may the Menopause and the Workplace Guidance Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
For Workplaces
Menopause Workplace
Menopause Workplace Guidance
Menopause Workplace Policy
Menopause Society
Where may I find information about the Menopause Society’s (formerly the North American Menopause Society) Making Menopause Work, published September 2024?
“These recommendations include, among other things, suggestions for employers to review policies and healthcare plans and benefits and to consider flexibility and accommodations that may be needed for some women with menopause symptoms”.3
European Menopause and Andropause Society
What is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s (EMAS) EMAS Menopause In the Workplace?
“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of the wider context of gender and age equality and reproductive and post-reproductive health”.4
Menopause Definition
What is menopause?
DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause: How Menopause Occurs the World Health Organization’s definition is:
“Natural menopause is deemed to have occurred after 12 consecutive months without menstruation for which there is no other obvious physiological or pathological cause and in the absence of clinical intervention”.4
“Most women become menopausal naturally between the ages of 45 and 55 years, with the average age of onset at around 51 years. Surgical menopause refers to menopause as a result of bilateral oophorectomy. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency may occur before the age of 40 due to natural ovarian function ceasing, following surgery to remove the ovaries, or as a result of chemo/ radiotherapy. Menopause is considered “early” when it occurs between 40 and 45 years”.5
Menopause Symptoms Duration
What is the average duration of menopause symptoms?
“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms may last for a long time with an average duration of 7 years, with a third of women experiencing symptoms beyond 7 years”.6
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace Guidance?
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace Guidance?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 07 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 07 September 2024
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“Addressing menopause at work can benefit both employers and employees.
Employers who make workplaces responsive to gender and diversity will be better able to attract and retain skilled and talented staff. Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues in workplaces”.2
Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations
What are the Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society?
“These recommendations include, among other things, suggestions for employers to review policies and healthcare plans and benefits and to consider flexibility and accommodations that may be needed for some women with menopause symptoms”.3
Where may I find more information about Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society?
Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause in the Workplace
What is the aim of the Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement?
“Aim: To provide recommendations for employers, managers, healthcare professionals and women to make the workplace environment more menopause supportive, and to improve women’s wellbeing and their ability to remain in work”.4
Menopause Workplace Policy Examples
Where may I find Links related to some recent Menopause and the Workplace Policy examples?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace Policy?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
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“You may experience physical and emotional symptoms
about one week before your period.
This is called ‘premenstrual syndrome’ or ‘PMS’”.1
Umbrella
What may the Premenstrual Syndrome Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Premenstrual Mood Changes
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual Tension (PMT)
Premenstrual Syndrome
What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
DotS the definition of PMS may vary. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist’s (ACOG) definition is:
“Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a woman’s normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS)”.2
The (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:
“You may experience physical and emotional symptoms about one week before your period. This is called ‘premenstrual syndrome’ or ‘PMS’”.3
The (United States) Medline Plus’s definition is:
“Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that start one to two weeks before your period. Most women have at least some symptoms of PMS, and the symptoms go away after their periods start. The symptoms may range from mild to severe”.4
“Everyone is different. Some people have no symptoms and others experience emotional and physical symptoms every month. Symptoms can also vary from one cycle to the next”.6
“It’s not clear why some people have PMS. It may be associated with the hormone progesterone interacting with certain chemicals in the brain. Other factors can influence symptoms, including stress levels, physical and emotional health and lifestyle”.11
Different Differences
Is PMS different to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
“PMDD is a serious condition that causes severe emotional and psychological distress in the lead-up to your period. PMDD is more than bad premenstrual syndrome (PMS)”.13
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
DotS the definition of PMDD may vary. In Learn: PMDD the International Association For Premenstrual Disorders (IAPMD) definition is:
“Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical, hormone-based mood disorder with symptoms arising during the premenstrual, or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subsiding within a few days of menstruation. It affects an estimated 5.5% of women and AFAB individuals of reproductive age. While PMDD is directly connected to the menstrual cycle, it is not a hormone imbalance. PMDD is a severe negative reaction in the brain to the natural rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone. It is a suspected cellular disorder in the brain. Symptoms can worsen over time and or around reproductive events such as menarche (the first menstrual cycle), pregnancy, birth, miscarriage, and perimenopause”.14
Premenstrual Exacerbation
What is premenstrual exacerbation (PME)?
DotS the definition of PME may vary. In Learn: PME the IAPMD’s definition is:
“Premenstrual Exacerbation (PME) refers to the premenstrual exacerbation/worsening of the symptoms of another disorder, such as major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and Premenstrual Exacerbation (PME) are difficult to distinguish from each other”.15
“Doctors are still searching for the exact cause of premenstrual syndrome or PMDD. Hormone levels are the same in women with or without PMS/PMDD. But it is thought that women with PMS/PMDD have a greater response to the fall in hormones that occurs in the days before a period. There may also be changes in neurotransmitters in the brain. Some women have a genetic risk factor for PMDD. Undiagnosed depression or anxiety can also lead to problems”.16
Predictable Pattern
Do PMS symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern?
Yes. The Mayo Clinic explain:
“Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense”.17
“PMDD cannot be diagnosed via blood, hormone, or saliva test. These tests can, however, rule out any underlying disorders including hormone imbalance or thyroid issues. The only way to currently test for PMDD is by tracking symptoms for a span of two more menstrual cycles”.18
In Menstrual Diary the (United Kingdom) National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome explain:
“A completed menstrual chart is the first step towards understanding your own menstrual health”.19
“It can be helpful to keep a note of your period dates and symptoms using a calendar, a diary or an app. You can then discuss this with your doctor who can decide if any tests or treatments might be needed”.20
Menstrual Diary
Where may I find a menstrual diary to keep a record of any symptoms I have?
“Yes. PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause.
This is especially true for women whose moods are sensitive to changing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. In the years leading up to menopause, your hormone levels also go up and down in an unpredictable way as your body slowly transitions to menopause. You may get the same mood changes, or they may get worse.
PMS stops after menopause when you no longer get a period”.22
Health Care Provider
What if I would like help with PMS, PMDD or PME?
If you would like help with PMS, PMDD or PME, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The JH note:
“It’s not normal to have premenstrual symptoms that stop you from doing everyday activities. If you experience severe symptoms, see your doctor. They will investigate possible causes and recommend treatments that will help relieve symptoms”.23
“See your provider if you’re unable to get relief from your PMS symptoms. To get the most out of your visit, come to your appointment prepared to discuss your symptoms and your period in detail. Track your period and symptom history on a calendar, planner or app. Be prepared to share information about your period start and stop dates and your symptoms (including how mild or severe) for at least two consecutive periods”.24
“If you have PMS (premenstrual syndrome), a GP may recommend other treatments as well as making lifestyle changes.
These may include:
Hormonal medicine – such as the combined contraceptive pill
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Antidepressants
If you still get symptoms after trying these treatments, you may be referred to a specialist.
This could be a gynaecologist, psychiatrist or counsellor”.25
Who is a GP?
DotS and DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Premenstrual Syndrome?
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)? Last Updated: May 2021. Last Reviewed: November 2023. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Premenstrual-Syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are Some Common Symptoms of PMS? Last Updated: May 2021. Last Reviewed: November 2023. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Premenstrual-Syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are Some Common Symptoms of PMS? Last Updated: May 2021. Last Reviewed: November 2023. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Premenstrual-Syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Does PMS Change With Age? Page Last Updated: 22 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
“While not a problem for everyone transitioning
through menopause the risk of mood changes and
/symptoms of depression and anxiety are higher…”.1
Umbrella
What may the Menopause Blues Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
Blue Moods
Depressed Mood
Dysphoria
Feeling Blue
Feeling Sad
“Menopause Blues”
“The Blues”
Menopause
Is there an association between menopause and the menopause blues?
In Menopause and Mental Health, content updated February 2023, the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) explain:
“While not a problem for everyone transitioning through menopause, the risk of mood changes and /symptoms of depression and anxiety are higher during perimenopause, even in women without a history of major depression.
While the risk is higher for women in the age-related and natural menopausal transition, women might also have a higher risk of mood changes after menopause caused by surgery such as hysterectomy or if the ovaries have been removed. Depression also occurs at a higher rate in women with a lack of oestrogen caused by primary ovarian insufficiency”.2
“Depression is not more common at menopause than at other stages of life, but a past history of depression, particularly post-natal depression, and stress during the peri-menopause may make a woman more likely to succumb to mood problems”.4
“Mood changes that can accompany menopause are distressing and need to be taken seriously. However, they are different from clinical depression where mood is very low and persistent. Menopause does increase a woman’s risk of developing depression, and if emotional and cognitive symptoms of menopause are ignored, they can develop into more serious depression. Don’t ignore how you feel and if you, or someone close to you, are suffering from depression please do speak to a healthcare professional. There is no shame seeking help”.6
Contributing Factors
What may be contributing factors to feeling depressed?
“While many women do not have mental health issues during the menopausal transition, unstable oestrogen levels can have an impact on the brain, predisposing some women to feelings of depression and anxiety.
Some of the common physical, memory and thinking symptoms related to menopause (hot flushes, night sweats, sleep and sexual disturbances, weight changes and “brain fog”) can complicate and overlap with mental health symptoms.
Another complicating factor is stress related to life circumstances. Feeling stress is common during middle age as personal and environmental changes take place. This can have a strong effect on mood in some women…”.7
“Self-care means taking the time to do things that help you live well and improve both your physical health and mental health. This can help you manage stress, lower your risk of illness, and increase your energy. Even small acts of self-care in your daily life can have a big impact.
Here are some self-care tips:
Get regular exercise. Just 30 minutes of walking every day can boost your mood and improve your health. Small amounts of exercise add up, so don’t be discouraged if you can’t do 30 minutes at one time
“There are many practical things you can do look after your emotional wellbeing.
For example:
Talk to someone you trust about your feelings (e.g. your friend, family member, doctor or psychologist
Keep a diary of your symptoms
Take time for yourself and do things you love doing
Get quality rest when you can
Do regular physical exercise, especially in a group or with friends
Practise relaxation techniques
Pay attention to your inner voice and practise using positive affirmations”.9
Online Resources, Programs, Apps and e-therapies
Are mental health online resources, programs, Apps and e-therapies available?
Depending on your Country, mental health online resources, programs, Apps and e-therapies may be available.
Your health care provider or local community health center may know of your Country’s recommended mental health online resources, programs, Apps and e-therapies, similar to the (Australian) Department of Health’s thiswayup.org.au
“There is no one size fits all for women when it comes to managing physical or psychological symptoms of menopause, but a variety of treatments are available.
Anti-depressants can help with emotional and cognitive symptoms of the menopause. However, unless you have been diagnosed with depression, there are other treatments which may be more helpful and appropriate
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can help with many cognitive and emotional symptoms of menopause. HRT can also help improve quality of sleep. It’s useful to keep a record of symptoms to discuss with your HRT prescriber as this will help identify the best HRT regime for you
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and other talking therapies can be hugely beneficial in dealing with some of the emotional symptoms of menopause. Even women who have never used therapies before and them helpful to navigate their menopause journey
Mindfulness and meditation are popular techniques to help relax and clear the mind – a very useful addition to managing some of the emotional and cognitive symptoms of menopause. Alongside restorative exercise such as yoga and Pilates, both body and mind can recover and heal”.10
Menopausal Hormone Therapy
May menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) be beneficial in improving mood?
“Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may help women who have symptoms of low mood related to perimenopause or menopause. However, MHT is not currently recommended as a first line treatment for major depression. MHT may be of particular benefit for mood and sleep quality in women experiencing VMS and can be considered in combination with antidepressants. Evidence from RCTs suggests oestrogen is as effective as antidepressants in perimenopausal women but is ineffective in post-menopausal women suggesting a window of opportunity for its use in the perimenopause”.11
Where may I find Links related to Menopause Blues?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
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“The Menopause Society is a nonprofit organization with the mission of empowering healthcare professionals and providing them with the tools and resources…”.1
“The Menopause Society is a nonprofit organization with the mission of empowering healthcare professionals and providing them with the tools and resources they need to improve the health of women during the menopause transition and beyond. Since The Society was founded in 1989, it has served as the definitive, independent, and evidence-based resource for healthcare professionals and the public, providing accurate information about menopause and midlife women’s health. Its multidisciplinary membership includes leaders in the field–including clinical and basic science experts from medicine, nursing, sociology, psychology, nutrition, anthropology, epidemiology, pharmacy, and education”.2
“The Consumer Video and Podcast Series is intended to provide practical information on current topics of interest. The interviews are not official positions of The Menopause Society but opinions of those being interviewed. Healthcare professionals must always take into consideration the individual patient along with any new data published after the release of the video”.3
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Menopause Society?
Where may I find Links related to the Menopause Society?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
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“If you would like to find out what health news is applicable
to you, it may be in your best interest to choose
to talk to your health care provider about this”.Meno Martha
Umbrella
What may the Health News Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
Health Headlines
Health News
Latest Health News
NIH News
News and Events
Date
What can it be important to be clear about with health news?
It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of health news because this information may have been updated.
Intended Audience
What can it also be important to be clear about with the intended audience of health information?
It can also be important to be clear about the intended audience of all information including the intended audience of health information, because this information may be different for you in your country.
Website Location
Where may I find Health News on a website?
You may find Health News on a website’s home page or the home page may point you in the direction of health news.
Health Care Provider
What if I would like to find out what health news is applicable to me?
If you would like to find out what health news is applicable to you, it my be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Health News?
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
“Your period can last between 2 and 7 days,
but it will usually last for about 5 days.
The bleeding tends to be heaviest in the first 2 days”.1
Umbrella
What may the Periods Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
George
Girl’s Week
Menses
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Period
Menstruation
Monthly Bleeding
Normal Vaginal Bleeding
Period/s
“Monthly”
Period
What is a period?
DotS the definition of a period may vary. In Periods: Overview the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:
“A period is the part of the menstrual cycle when a woman bleeds from her vagina for a few days.
For most women this happens every 28 days or so, but it’s common for periods to be more or less frequent than this, ranging from every 23 days to every 35 days.
Your period can last between 2 and 7 days, but it will usually last for about 5 days. The bleeding tends to be heaviest in the first 2 days”.2
“The menstrual cycle is the monthly hormonal cycle a female’s body goes through to prepare for pregnancy. Your menstrual cycle is counted from the first day of your period up to the first day of your next period. Your hormone levels (estrogen and progesterone) usually change throughout the menstrual cycle and can cause menstrual symptoms”.3
“The menstrual cycle is a series of changes your body goes through each month to prepare for a possible pregnancy. Each cycle is measured from the first day of your period (day one of your cycle) to the day before your next period.
Your menstrual cycle begins when you have your first period and finishes when you have your final period (menopause)”.4
“Vaginal bleeding from a period usually happens every 21 to 35 days. This is called the menstrual cycle. The blood comes from the lining of the uterus, which is shed through the vagina. When this happens, a new reproductive cycle has started”.5
“Some people may experience irregular periods that don’t come every month. This is often the case when girls start their periods but it can also be caused by things like stress, certain health conditions or pregnancy. Irregular periods can also be a sign of menopause”.6
Health Care Provider
What if there are changes in my periods?
If there are changes in your periods, it may be in you best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Menstrual Calendar the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:
“During the transition to menopause (called perimenopause), it is normal to skip periods, but very frequent or heavy bleeding episodes often requires an evaluation by your healthcare provider. Any bleeding after menopause requires an evaluation by your healthcare provider”.7
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
What Happens During the Typical 28-Day Menstrual Cycle? What Is the Menstrual Cycle? Page Last Updated: 22 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/your-menstrual-cycle Accessed: 05 September 2024
“Bleeding from your vagina after menopause is not normal.
If you have any bleeding, spotting or staining
after you reach menopause, talk to your doctor”.1
Umbrella
What may the Menopause and Bleeding After Menopause Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
Abnormal Bleeding After Menopause/Postmenopause
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding After Menopause/Postmenopause
After Menopause Bleeding/Spotting/Vaginal Bleeding
Bleeding/Spotting/Vaginal Bleeding After Menopause/Postmenopause
“Bleeding from the vagina after menopause is unusual. Get it checked by a health care provider as soon as you can. Or see a doctor who’s had extra training to find and treat diseases of the female reproductive organs, called a gynecologist”.3
“Bleeding from your vagina after menopause is not normal. If you have any bleeding, spotting or staining after you reach menopause, talk to your doctor. They may recommend tests, including:
Cervical screening
Vaginal (internal) ultrasound
Biopsy
Curette (a procedure to gently remove the lining of your uterus)”.5
Uterine Cancer
What is the association between uterine cancer and postmenopausal bleeding?
There’s only a small amount of blood, spotting, or pink or brown discharge
You do not have any other symptoms
You’re not sure if it’s blood.
Postmenopausal bleeding is not usually serious, but can be a sign of cancer. Cancer is easier to treat if it’s found early”.8
Who is a GP?
DotS and/or DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.
The Cleveland Clinic note:
“Contact your healthcare provider if you experience vaginal bleeding:
More than a year after your last menstrual period
More than a year after starting hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
In most cases, vaginal bleeding after menopause is harmless. But it can be a sign of a more serious condition.
A note from Cleveland Clinic
It’s normal to have irregular vaginal bleeding in the years leading up to menopause. But if you have bleeding more than a year after your last menstrual period, it’s time to see your healthcare provider. It could be the result of a simple infection or benign growths. But in rare cases, bleeding could be a sign of cancer”.9
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and Bleeding After Menopause?
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and Bleeding After Menopause?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
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“Sexual difficulties can be life-long or recently acquired,
but they are a common presentation at the menopause.
They may also be situational (limited to certain types of…”.1
Umbrella
What may the Sexual Health and Menopause Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
Menopause and Sexual Health
Sexual Health and Menopause
Sexual Well-Being and Menopause
Menopause, Aging, Other Factors
Is there an association between menopause, aging, other factors and sexual health?
“Every woman experiences her midlife years differently. The changes that occur during this period, including changes in sexual well-being, are typically caused by a mix of both menopause and aging, as well as by typical midlife stresses and demands”.2
“At this stage of your life, you may have added pressures that affect your sex life. For example, children moving out of home, caring for elderly parents or work pressures.
You may also feel differently about your body at this age and may not want to be intimate with your partner as often as you used to”.3
“Sexual difficulties can be life-long or recently acquired, but they are a common presentation at the menopause. They may also be situational (limited to certain types of stimulation, situations, or partners) or generalized”.5
Sexual Disorders
What is it important to note about sexual disorders and menopause?
“The question of being troubled is key when it comes to any potential sexual disorder, since the issue is not the sexual “problem” or condition itself but whether it is bothersome or troubling to the person or partners involved. For instance, if both partners in a couple are content to live without an active sex life, then a condition such as vaginal dryness or erectile difficulty does not really represent sexual dysfunction. Similarly, a woman who notices some decline in sexual desire over time may not be troubled by it if she is not in a relationship. However, if she meets a partner with high libido, she may start to see her low sex drive as a problem”.6
Sexual Activity
Is there an association between sexual activity and menopause?
“When a woman doesn’t have intercourse or other vaginal sexual activity on a regular basis following menopause, her vagina may also become shorter and narrower. Then, when she does try to have intercourse, she is likely to experience pain, even if she uses a lubricant. That’s because dry, fragile vulvovaginal tissues are susceptible to injury, tearing, and bleeding during intercourse or any penetration of the vagina. The resulting discomfort can be so great that the woman avoids intercourse and the condition worsens. Sometimes, even women who are not sexually active are bothered by vaginal dryness and the irritation that may accompany it”.7
How may regular sexual activity help?
According to the Menopause Society:
“Continuing to have regular vaginal sexual activity through menopause helps keep the vaginal tissues thick and moist and maintains the vagina’s length and width. This helps keep sexual activity pleasurable”.8
Over-the-Counter Treatment Options
What are some over-the-counter treatment options for vaginal dryness?
“To treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause, your doctor may first recommend over-the-counter treatment options, including:
“Vaginal moisturizers. Try a vaginal moisturizer (K-Y Liquibeads, Replens, Sliquid, others) to restore some moisture to your vaginal area. You may have to apply the moisturizer every few days. The effects of a moisturizer generally last a bit longer than those of a lubricant
Water-based lubricants. These lubricants (Astroglide, K-Y Jelly, Sliquid, others) are applied just before sexual activity and can reduce discomfort during intercourse. Choose products that don’t contain glycerin or warming properties because women who are sensitive to these substances may experience irritation. Avoid petroleum jelly or other petroleum-based products for lubrication if you’re also using condoms, because petroleum can break down latex condoms on contact”.9
Hormone Therapy
Is hormone therapy a suitable treatment for vaginal dryness?
“Low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations can be taken by perimenopausal and menopausal women experiencing genitourinary symptoms and continued for as long as required. All vaginal oestrogen preparations have been shown to be effective in this context and there is no requirement to combine vaginal oestrogens with systemic progestogen treatment for endometrial protection, as low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations do not result in significant systemic absorption or endometrial hyperplasia”.10
Testosterone Therapy
Is testosterone therapy a suitable treatment for low libido?
“The area of wellbeing and libido is very complex, and research tells us these are likely to be influenced by psychological factors more than testosterone. But testosterone therapy may be a suitable treatment for postmenopausal women who feel distressed by their loss of sexual desire. This condition is known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)”.11
Is there a video/podcast about Testosterone Therapy for Postmenopausal Women?
“It’s common for women to have lower sex drive (libido) during menopause. This could be due to many things, including changing hormone levels, vaginal atrophy, vaginal dryness (which can cause discomfort during sex) and lowered mood and fatigue”.12
Where may partners may find more information about sexual health and menopause?
What if I would like help with my sexual health and menopause?
If you would like help with your sexual health and menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.
“If nothing seems to help and you’re bothered by your sexual (dys)function, talk to your doctor — and try not to feel embarrassed. These are common concerns, and your healthcare providers are there to help”.13
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Sexual Health and Menopause?
Where may I find Links related to Sexual Health and Menopause?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Stage of Life. Menopausal Symptoms. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/sex Accessed: 04 September 2024
Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Menopausal Symptoms. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/sex Accessed: 04 September 2024
Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 04 September 2024
Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Managing Low Libido: Testosterone Therapy. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/sex Accessed: 04 September 2024
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“In 2023 the global female population is over 4 billion.
Women form a large part of workforces worldwide, and
many will be working throughout their menopausal years”.1
Umbrella
What may the Menopause and the Workplace Umbrella include?
Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:
Menopause and the Workplace
Menopause in the Workplace
Menopause Workplace
What do the Australian Menopause Society (AMS) explain about Menopause and the Workplace?
“Addressing menopause at work can benefit both employers and employees.
Employers who make workplaces responsive to gender and diversity will be better able to attract and retain skilled and talented staff. Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues in workplaces”.2
Menopause Society
Where may I find information about the Menopause Society’s (formerly the North American Menopause Society) Making Menopause Work, published September 2024?
“These recommendations include, among other things, suggestions for employers to review policies and healthcare plans and benefits and to consider flexibility and accommodations that may be needed for some women with menopause symptoms”.3
European Menopause and Andropause Society
What is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s (EMAS) EMAS Menopause In the Workplace?
“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of the wider context of gender and age equality and reproductive and post-reproductive health”.4
Menopause and the Workplace Links
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
“Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation in a non-hysterectomized woman. As many women may not be naturally menstruating when their menopause transition begins, for example due to hormonal contraception, having had an endometrial ablation or hysterectomy or pre-existing oligo-amenorrhea, a pragmatic definition of menopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian function”.5
“Most women become menopausal naturally between the ages of 45 and 55 years, with the average age of onset at around 51 years. Surgical menopause refers to menopause as a result of bilateral oophorectomy. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency may occur before the age of 40 due to natural ovarian function ceasing, following surgery to remove the ovaries, or as a result of chemo/ radiotherapy. Menopause is considered “early” when it occurs between 40 and 45 years”.6
“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms may last for a long time with an average duration of 7 years, with a third of women experiencing symptoms beyond 7 years”.8
“The menopause marks the end of the reproductive life cycle and can affect women in a variety of ways. Many women may experience symptoms related to the menopause that can have a detrimental impact on their quality of life and wellbeing and may also have a significant impact on their personal relationships and work. These can include hot flushes and night sweats, vaginal dryness, a change in mood and memory problems. Whilst not all women going through the menopause will experience menopausal symptoms, the majority will experience such symptoms”.9
Menopause Symptoms Workplace Impact
What workplace impact may menopause symptoms have?
“With approximately 44% of women in the workforce being older than 45, menopause symptoms have been reported to affect up to 20% of the US workforce. With approximately 44% of women in the workforce being older than 45, increases in retirement age and life expectancy are putting a demand on workplace settings to recognize the impact of menopause on women’s health”.10
Health Topics A-Z
Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace?
Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace?
Your Country may have Links similar to:
Links
This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Definitions. Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 03 September 2024
Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 03 September 2024
Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 03 September 2024
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