“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and
policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of
the wider context of gender and age equality and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause and the Workplace Guidance Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • For Workplaces
  • Menopause Workplace
  • Menopause Workplace Guidance
  • Menopause Workplace Policy

Menopause Society

Menopause and the Workplace GuidanceWhere may I find information about the Menopause Society’s (formerly the North American Menopause Society) Making Menopause Work, published September 2024?

You may find information in Making Menopause Work and The Menopause Society Launches Making Menopause Work™ Initiative.

What is the Menopause Society’s Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society?

In Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society, published September 2024, the Menopause Society elaborate on:

“These recommendations include, among other things, suggestions for employers to review policies and healthcare plans and benefits and to consider flexibility and accommodations that may be needed for some women with menopause symptoms”.3

European Menopause and Andropause Society

Menopause and the Workplace GuidanceWhat is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s (EMAS) EMAS Menopause In the Workplace?

In EMAS Menopause In the Workplace the EMAS explain:

“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of the wider context of gender and age equality and reproductive and post-reproductive health”.4

Menopause Definition

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause: How Menopause Occurs the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Natural menopause is deemed to have occurred after 12 consecutive months without menstruation for which there is no other obvious physiological or pathological cause and in the absence of clinical intervention”.4

Menopause Age

What is the average age of menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) explain:

“Most women become menopausal naturally between the ages of 45 and 55 years, with the average age of onset at around 51 years. Surgical menopause refers to menopause as a result of bilateral oophorectomy. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency may occur before the age of 40 due to natural ovarian function ceasing, following surgery to remove the ovaries, or as a result of chemo/ radiotherapy. Menopause is considered “early” when it occurs between 40 and 45 years”.5

Menopause Symptoms Duration

What is the average duration of menopause symptoms?

On page one and two in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, the authors elaborate on:

“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms may last for a long time with an average duration of 7 years, with a third of women experiencing symptoms beyond 7 years”.6

Health Topics A-Z

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Links

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Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause?

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Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 07 September 2024
  2. Menopause Society. Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society. September 2024 https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/abstract/2024/09000/menopause_and_the_workplace__consensus.3.aspx Accessed: 10 September 2024
  3. EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 07 September 2024
  4. Menopause Terminology: Glossary of Definitions – Menopause. Page 4. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IMS-English-Factsheet-4-glossary.pdf Accessed: 07 September 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause. Content Created May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 07 September 2024
  6. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 07 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 07 September 2024

“Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue
and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues
in workplaces”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause and the Workplace Policy Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause and the Workplace
  • Menopause in the Workplace

Menopause and the Workplace

What do the Australian Menopause Society (AMS) explain about Menopause and the Workplace?

In Menopause and the Workplace the AMS explain:

“Addressing menopause at work can benefit both employers and employees.

Employers who make workplaces responsive to gender and diversity will be better able to attract and retain skilled and talented staff. Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues in workplaces”.2

Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations

What are the Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society?

In Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society, published September 2024, the (United States) Menopause Society (formerly the North American Menopause Society) elaborate on:

“These recommendations include, among other things, suggestions for employers to review policies and healthcare plans and benefits and to consider flexibility and accommodations that may be needed for some women with menopause symptoms”.3

Where may I find more information about Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society?

You may find more information in Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society.

Where may I find more information about The Menopause Society’s new Making Menopause Work?

You may find more information in Making Menopause Work and and The Menopause Society Launches Making Menopause Work™ Initiative.

Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause in the Workplace

What is the aim of the Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement?

On page one in Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement published 2021, the authors explain:

Aim: To provide recommendations for employers, managers, healthcare professionals and women to make the workplace environment more menopause supportive, and to improve women’s wellbeing and their ability to remain in work”.4

Menopause Workplace Policy Examples

Where may I find Links related to some recent Menopause and the Workplace Policy examples?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace Policy?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace Policy?

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Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause and the Workplace. Content Updated November 2022. Australian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-the-workplace Accessed: 07 September 2024
  2. Menopause and the Workplace. Content Updated November 2022. Australian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-the-workplace Accessed: 07 September 2024
  3. Menopause Society. Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society. September 2024 https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/abstract/2024/09000/menopause_and_the_workplace__consensus.3.aspx Accessed: 10 September 2024
  4. Rees, M. et al. Global Consensus Recommendations on Menopause In the Workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) Position Statement – Abstract. 2021:1. Maturitas https://www.emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Global-consensus-recommendations-on-menopause-in-the-workplace.pdf Accessed: 07 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 05 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 07 September 2024

“You may experience physical and emotional symptoms
about one week before your period.
This is called ‘premenstrual syndrome’ or ‘PMS’”.1

Umbrella

What may the Premenstrual Syndrome Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
  • Premenstrual Mood Changes
  • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
  • Premenstrual Tension (PMT)

Premenstrual Syndrome

What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

DotS the definition of PMS may vary. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist’s (ACOG) definition is:

“Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a woman’s normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS)”.2

The (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:

“You may experience physical and emotional symptoms about one week before your period. This is called ‘premenstrual syndrome’ or ‘PMS’”.3

The (United States) Medline Plus’s definition is:

“Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that start one to two weeks before your period. Most women have at least some symptoms of PMS, and the symptoms go away after their periods start. The symptoms may range from mild to severe”.4

PMS Symptoms

What are some PMS symptoms?

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms the (United States) Mayo Clinic reassure:

“The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems”.5

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are the Symptoms of PMS? the JH also note:

“Everyone is different. Some people have no symptoms and others experience emotional and physical symptoms every month. Symptoms can also vary from one cycle to the next”.6

PMS Emotional Symptoms

What are PMS emotional symptoms?

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are the Symptoms of PMS? Emotional Symptoms the JH elaborate on:

“Common emotional symptoms include:

  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Lower ability to cope
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Mood changes
  • Sadness”.7

In FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are Some Common Symptoms of PMS? ACOG elaborate on:

“Emotional symptoms include:

  • Depression
  • Angry outbursts
  • Irritability
  • Crying spells
  • Anxiety
  • Confusion
  • Social withdrawal
  • Poor concentration
  • Insomnia
  • Increased nap taking
  • Changes in sexual desire”.8

PMS Physical Symptoms

What are PMS physical symptoms?

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are the Symptoms of PMS? Physical Symptoms the JH elaborate on:

“Common physical symptoms include:

  • Cramping in the pelvic area
  • Bloating around the belly (abdomen)
  • Breast swelling and tenderness
  • Fluid retention (swollen fingers or ankles)
  • Skin problems such as acne

You may also experience:

  • Headaches
  • Tiredness, lethargy, insomnia
  • Constipation, diarrhea or both
  • Food cravings
  • Aches and pains”.9

In FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are Some Common Symptoms of PMS? ACOG elaborate on:

“Physical symptoms include:

  • Thirst and appetite changes (food cravings)
  • Breast tenderness
  • Bloating and weight gain
  • Headache
  • Swelling of the hands or feet
  • Aches and pains
  • Fatigue
  • Skin problems
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms
  • Abdominal pain”.10

PMS Cause

What causes PMS?

The JH explain:

“It’s not clear why some people have PMS. It may be associated with the hormone progesterone interacting with certain chemicals in the brain. Other factors can influence symptoms, including stress levels, physical and emotional health and lifestyle”.11

Different Differences

Is PMS different to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Is PMS? the JH note:

“PMS is different to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a condition that causes severe emotional and psychological distress”.12

In Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) the JH also note:

“PMDD is a serious condition that causes severe emotional and psychological distress in the lead-up to your period. PMDD is more than bad premenstrual syndrome (PMS)”.13

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

DotS the definition of PMDD may vary. In Learn: PMDD the International Association For Premenstrual Disorders (IAPMD) definition is:

“Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical, hormone-based mood disorder with symptoms arising during the premenstrual, or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subsiding within a few days of menstruation. It affects an estimated 5.5% of women and AFAB individuals of reproductive age. While PMDD is directly connected to the menstrual cycle, it is not a hormone imbalance. PMDD is a severe negative reaction in the brain to the natural rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone. It is a suspected cellular disorder in the brain. Symptoms can worsen over time and or around reproductive events such as menarche (the first menstrual cycle), pregnancy, birth, miscarriage, and perimenopause”.14

Premenstrual Exacerbation

What is premenstrual exacerbation (PME)?

DotS the definition of PME may vary. In Learn: PME the IAPMD’s definition is:

“Premenstrual Exacerbation (PME) refers to the premenstrual exacerbation/worsening of the symptoms of another disorder, such as major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and Premenstrual Exacerbation (PME) are difficult to distinguish from each other”.15

PMDD Cause

What causes PMDD?

In Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Diagnosis and Prevention the (United States) Endocrine Society note:

“Doctors are still searching for the exact cause of premenstrual syndrome or PMDD. Hormone levels are the same in women with or without PMS/PMDD. But it is thought that women with PMS/PMDD have a greater response to the fall in hormones that occurs in the days before a period. There may also be changes in neurotransmitters in the brain. Some women have a genetic risk factor for PMDD. Undiagnosed depression or anxiety can also lead to problems”.16

Predictable PatternPremenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Do PMS symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern?

Yes. The Mayo Clinic explain:

“Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense”.17

Look for A PatternPremenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

How may I Look for A Pattern with PMS?

In Tracking Your Cycle & Symptoms the IAPMD explain:

PMDD cannot be diagnosed via blood, hormone, or saliva test. These tests can, however, rule out any underlying disorders including hormone imbalance or thyroid issues. The only way to currently test for PMDD is by tracking symptoms for a span of two more menstrual cycles”.18

In Menstrual Diary the (United Kingdom) National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome explain:

“A completed menstrual chart is the first step towards understanding your own menstrual health”.19

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What To Expect the (Scottish) NHS Inform also note:

“It can be helpful to keep a note of your period dates and symptoms using a calendar, a diary or an app. You can then discuss this with your doctor who can decide if any tests or treatments might be needed”.20

Menstrual Diary

Meno Martha, PMS and PerimenopauseWhere may I find a menstrual diary to keep a record of any symptoms I have?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and PMS?

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Is PMS? the JH note:

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)“PMS symptoms can be worse in teenage years and in the lead-up to menopause (perimenopause), which may be due to changing hormone levels”.21

In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Does PMS Change With Age? the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov explain:

“Yes. PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause.

This is especially true for women whose moods are sensitive to changing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. In the years leading up to menopause, your hormone levels also go up and down in an unpredictable way as your body slowly transitions to menopause. You may get the same mood changes, or they may get worse.

PMS stops after menopause when you no longer get a period”.22

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with PMS, PMDD or PME?

If you would like help with PMS, PMDD or PME, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The JH note:

“It’s not normal to have premenstrual symptoms that stop you from doing everyday activities. If you experience severe symptoms, see your doctor. They will investigate possible causes and recommend treatments that will help relieve symptoms”.23

In Premenstrual Syndrome: Living With – When Should I See My Healthcare Provider? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic explain:

“See your provider if you’re unable to get relief from your PMS symptoms. To get the most out of your visit, come to your appointment prepared to discuss your symptoms and your period in detail. Track your period and symptom history on a calendar, planner or app. Be prepared to share information about your period start and stop dates and your symptoms (including how mild or severe) for at least two consecutive periods”.24

In PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome): Treatments for PMS the (United Kingdom) NHS also note:

“If you have PMS (premenstrual syndrome), a GP may recommend other treatments as well as making lifestyle changes.

These may include:

  • Hormonal medicine – such as the combined contraceptive pill
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
  • Antidepressants

If you still get symptoms after trying these treatments, you may be referred to a specialist.

This could be a gynaecologist, psychiatrist or counsellor”.25

Who is a GP?

DotS and DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Premenstrual Syndrome?

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Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  2. FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)? Last Updated: May 2021. Last Reviewed: November 2023. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Premenstrual-Syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
  3. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  4. Premenstrual Syndrome: Summary – What Is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)? Last Updated: 11 January 2024. Medline Plus https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html Accessed: 06 September 2024
  5. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms. 25 February 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780 Accessed: 06 September 2024
  6. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are the Symptoms of PMS? Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  7. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are the Symptoms of PMS? Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  8. FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are Some Common Symptoms of PMS? Last Updated: May 2021. Last Reviewed: November 2023. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Premenstrual-Syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
  9. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are the Symptoms of PMS? Physical Symptoms. Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  10. FAQs: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Are Some Common Symptoms of PMS? Last Updated: May 2021. Last Reviewed: November 2023. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Premenstrual-Syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
  11. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Causes PMS? Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  12. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Is PMS? Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  13. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). Last Updated: 12 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd Accessed: 06 September 2024
  14. Learn: PMDD. International Association For Premenstrual Disorders https://iapmd.org/pam-learn Accessed: 06 September 2024
  15. Learn: PMDD. International Association For Premenstrual Disorders https://iapmd.org/pam-learn Accessed: 06 September 2024
  16. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Diagnosis and Prevention: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/pms-and-pmdd Accessed: 06 September 2024
  17. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 25 February 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780 Accessed: 06 September 2024
  18. Tracking Your Cycle & Symptoms. International Association for Premenstrual Disorders https://iapmd.org/symptom-tracker Accessed: 06 September 2024
  19. Menstrual Diary. National Association for Premenstrual Syndromes https://www.pms.org.uk/support/menstrual-diary/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  20. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What To Expect. Last Updated: 28 February 2023. NHS Inform https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/girls-and-young-women-puberty-to-around-25/periods-and-menstrual-health/premenstrual-syndrome-pms Accessed: 06 September 2024
  21. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What Is PMS? Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  22. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Does PMS Change With Age? Page Last Updated: 22 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
  23. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 15 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
  24. Premenstrual Syndrome: Living With – When Should I See My Healthcare Provider? Last Reviewed: 12 October 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome Accessed: 06 September 2024
  25. (PMS) Premenstrual Syndrome: Treating PMS. Page Last Reviewed: 18 June 2024. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/ Accessed: 06 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 06 September 2024

“While not a problem for everyone transitioning
through menopause the risk of mood changes and
/symptoms of depression and anxiety are higher…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Blues Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Blue Moods
  • Depressed Mood
  • Dysphoria
  • Feeling Blue
  • Feeling Sad
  • “Menopause Blues”
  • “The Blues”

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and the menopause blues?

In Menopause and Mental Health, content updated February 2023, the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) explain:

“While not a problem for everyone transitioning through menopause, the risk of mood changes and /symptoms of depression and anxiety are higher during perimenopause, even in women without a history of major depression.

While the risk is higher for women in the age-related and natural menopausal transition, women might also have a higher risk of mood changes after menopause caused by surgery such as hysterectomy or if the ovaries have been removed. Depression also occurs at a higher rate in women with a lack of oestrogen caused by primary ovarian insufficiency”.2

Menopause Mood Changes

What menopause mood changes may we experienced?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Mood and Emotional Health, last updated 21 April 2024, the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

Menopause Blues“You may notice that menopause causes your mood to change. This is due to changing hormone levels. You might experience:

  • Irritability
  • Increased anger
  • Low mood
  • Depression and anxiety”.3

Depression

Does menopause cause depression?

According to the AMS in What Is Menopause? Physical Symptoms and Changes of Menopause: 3. Psychological and Cognitive Symptoms of Menopause:

“Depression is not more common at menopause than at other stages of life, but a past history of depression, particularly post-natal depression, and stress during the peri-menopause may make a woman more likely to succumb to mood problems”.4

In Symptoms of Menopause: Mood and Emotional Health the JH note:

“Research suggests that women are more likely to feel depressed during the menopause transition.

Women who have a history of depression or premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be more likely to develop depression during this time”.5

On page one and two in Emotional Wellness In Menopause: What About Depression?, published date June 2023, the (British) Women’s Health Concern (WHC) elaborate on:

“Mood changes that can accompany menopause are distressing and need to be taken seriously. However, they are different from clinical depression where mood is very low and persistent. Menopause does increase a woman’s risk of developing depression, and if emotional and cognitive symptoms of menopause are ignored, they can develop into more serious depression. Don’t ignore how you feel and if you, or someone close to you, are suffering from depression please do speak to a healthcare professional. There is no shame seeking help”.6

Contributing Factors

What may be contributing factors to feeling depressed?

In Menopause and Mental Health: Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause, content updated February 2023, according to the AMS:

“While many women do not have mental health issues during the menopausal transition, unstable oestrogen levels can have an impact on the brain, predisposing some women to feelings of depression and anxiety.

Some of the common physical, memory and thinking symptoms related to menopause (hot flushes, night sweats, sleep and sexual disturbances, weight changes and “brain fog”) can complicate and overlap with mental health symptoms.

Another complicating factor is stress related to life circumstances. Feeling stress is common during middle age as personal and environmental changes take place. This can have a strong effect on mood in some women…”.7

Self Care

How can we look after our selves?

In Caring for Your Mental Health: About Self-Care the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health elaborate on:

“Self-care means taking the time to do things that help you live well and improve both your physical health and mental health. This can help you manage stress, lower your risk of illness, and increase your energy. Even small acts of self-care in your daily life can have a big impact.

Here are some self-care tips:

  • Get regular exercise. Just 30 minutes of walking every day can boost your mood and improve your health. Small amounts of exercise add up, so don’t be discouraged if you can’t do 30 minutes at one time
  • Eat healthy, regular meals and stay hydrated…
  • Make sleep a priority…
  • Try a relaxing activity…
  • Set goals and priorities…
  • Practice gratitude…
  • Focus on positivity…
  • Stay connected…”.8

In Looking After Yourself: Emotional Wellbeing the JH explain:

World Mental Health Day 2022 and Menopause“There are many practical things you can do look after your emotional wellbeing.

For example:

  • Talk to someone you trust about your feelings (e.g. your friend, family member, doctor or psychologist
  • Keep a diary of your symptoms
  • Take time for yourself and do things you love doing
  • Get quality rest when you can
  • Do regular physical exercise, especially in a group or with friends
  • Practise relaxation techniques
  • Pay attention to your inner voice and practise using positive affirmations”.9

Online Resources, Programs, Apps and e-therapies

Are mental health online resources, programs, Apps and e-therapies available?

Depending on your Country, mental health online resources, programs,  Apps and e-therapies may be available.

Your health care provider or local community health center may know of your Country’s recommended mental health online resources, programs, Apps and e-therapies, similar to the (Australian) Department of Health’s thiswayup.org.au

Treatments

What treatments are available?

On page one in Emotional Wellness In Menopause: What Treatments Are Available? the WHC elaborate on:

“There is no one size fits all for women when it comes to managing physical or psychological symptoms of menopause, but a variety of treatments are available.

  • Anti-depressants can help with emotional and cognitive symptoms of the menopause. However, unless you have been diagnosed with depression, there are other treatments which may be more helpful and appropriate
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can help with many cognitive and emotional symptoms of menopause. HRT can also help improve quality of sleep. It’s useful to keep a record of symptoms to discuss with your HRT prescriber as this will help identify the best HRT regime for you
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and other talking therapies can be hugely beneficial in dealing with some of the emotional symptoms of menopause. Even women who have never used therapies before and them helpful to navigate their menopause journey
  • Mindfulness and meditation are popular techniques to help relax and clear the mind – a very useful addition to managing some of the emotional and cognitive symptoms of menopause. Alongside restorative exercise such as yoga and Pilates, both body and mind can recover and heal”.10

Menopausal Hormone Therapy

May menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) be beneficial in improving mood?

In Mood and the Menopause: Management the AMS note:

“Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may help women who have symptoms of low mood related to perimenopause or menopause. However, MHT is not currently recommended as a first line treatment for major depression. MHT may be of particular benefit for mood and sleep quality in women experiencing VMS and can be considered in combination with antidepressants. Evidence from RCTs suggests oestrogen is as effective as antidepressants in perimenopausal women but is ineffective in post-menopausal women suggesting a window of opportunity for its use in the perimenopause”.11

What is VMS?

VMS can be an abbreviation for Vasomotor Symptoms.

What is RCTs?

RCTs can be an abbreviation for Randomised Control Trials.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my menopause blues?

If you would like help with your menopause blues, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Looking After Yourself: Emotional Wellbeing – Talk To Your Doctor the JH encourage us to seek help:

“If menopausal symptoms are impacting you, talk to your doctor about treatment options. Managing your symptoms can help you cope better at work”.12

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Blues?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Blues?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause and Mental Health. Content Updated February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 05 September 2024
  2. Menopause and Mental Health. Content Updated February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 05 September 2024
  3. Symptoms of Menopause: Menopause & Mood. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 05 September 2024
  4. What Is Menopause? Physical Symptoms and Changes of Menopause: 3. Psychological and Cognitive Symptoms of Menopause. Content Created: May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 05 September 2024
  5. Symptoms of Menopause: Menopause & Mood. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 05 September 2024
  6. Emotional Wellness In Menopause: What About Depression? Published Date: June 2023:1-2. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/menopause-wellness-hub/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  7. Menopause and Mental Health. Content Updated February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 05 September 2024
  8. Caring for Your Mental Health: About Self-Care. Last Reviewed: February 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health Accessed: 05 September 2024
  9. Looking After Yourself: Emotional Wellbeing. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/mental-health-emotions Accessed: 05 September 2024
  10. Emotional Wellness In Menopause: What Treatments Are Available? Published Date: June 2023:1. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/menopause-wellness-hub/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  11. Mood and the Menopause: Management. Content Updated February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/mood-and-the-menopause Accessed: 05 September 2024
  12. Looking After Yourself: Emotional Wellbeing – Talk To Your Doctor. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/mental-health-emotions Accessed: 05 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 05 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 05 September 2024

“The Menopause Society is a nonprofit organization with the mission of empowering healthcare professionals and providing them with the tools and resources…”.1

Mission

What is the mission of the Menopause Society?

In About Us the Menopause Society elaborate on:

“The Menopause Society is a nonprofit organization with the mission of empowering healthcare professionals and providing them with the tools and resources they need to improve the health of women during the menopause transition and beyond. Since The Society was founded in 1989, it has served as the definitive, independent, and evidence-based resource for healthcare professionals and the public, providing accurate information about menopause and midlife women’s health. Its multidisciplinary membership includes leaders in the field–including clinical and basic science experts from medicine, nursing, sociology, psychology, nutrition, anthropology, epidemiology, pharmacy, and education”.2

Consumer Video and Podcast Series

Menopause SocietyWhat is the Menopause Society Video Series?

In Consumer Video and Podcast Series: Consumer Video and Podcast Series the Menopause Society explain:

“The Consumer Video and Podcast Series is intended to provide practical information on current topics of interest. The interviews are not official positions of The Menopause Society but opinions of those being interviewed. Healthcare professionals must always take into consideration the individual patient along with any new data published after the release of the video”.3

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Menopause Society?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to the Menopause Society?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. About Us. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/about-us Accessed: 05 September 2024
  2. About Us. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/about-us Accessed: 05 September 2024
  3. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: Consumer Video and Podcast Series. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/consumer-videos-podcasts Accessed: 05 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 05 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 05 September 2024

“If you would like to find out what health news is applicable
to you, it may be in your best interest to choose
to talk to your health care provider about this”.Meno Martha

Umbrella

What may the Health News Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Health Headlines
  • Health News
  • Latest Health News
  • NIH News
  • News and Events

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with health news?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of health news because this information may have been updated.

Intended Audience

What can it also be important to be clear about with the intended audience of health information?

It can also be important to be clear about the intended audience of all information including the intended audience of health information, because this information may be different for you in your country.

Health News

Website Location

Where may I find Health News on a website?

You may find Health News on a website’s home page or the home page may point you in the direction of health news.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what health news is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what health news is applicable to you, it my be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Health News?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Health News?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Topic Last Updated: 05 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 08 August 2024

“Your period can last between 2 and 7 days,
but it will usually last for about 5 days.
The bleeding tends to be heaviest in the first 2 days”.1

Umbrella

What may the Periods Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • George
  • Girl’s Week
  • Menses
  • Menstrual Cycle
  • Menstrual Period
  • Menstruation
  • Monthly Bleeding
  • Normal Vaginal Bleeding
  • Period/s
  • “Monthly”

Period

What is a period?

DotS the definition of a period may vary. In Periods: Overview the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:

“A period is the part of the menstrual cycle when a woman bleeds from her vagina for a few days.

For most women this happens every 28 days or so, but it’s common for periods to be more or less frequent than this, ranging from every 23 days to every 35 days.

Your period can last between 2 and 7 days, but it will usually last for about 5 days. The bleeding tends to be heaviest in the first 2 days”.2

Menstrual Cycle

What is the menstrual cycle?

DotS the definition of the menstrual cycle may vary. In What Happens During the Typical 28-Day Menstrual Cycle? What Is the Menstrual Cycle? the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov’s definition is:

“The menstrual cycle is the monthly hormonal cycle a female’s body goes through to prepare for pregnancy. Your menstrual cycle is counted from the first day of your period up to the first day of your next period. Your hormone levels (estrogen and progesterone) usually change throughout the menstrual cycle and can cause menstrual symptoms”.3

In About the Menstrual Cycle: What Is A Menstrual Cycle? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:

“The menstrual cycle is a series of changes your body goes through each month to prepare for a possible pregnancy. Each cycle is measured from the first day of your period (day one of your cycle) to the day before your next period.

Your menstrual cycle begins when you have your first period and finishes when you have your final period (menopause)”.4

Menstrual Cycle Pattern

What is a usual menstrual cycle pattern?

In Vaginal Bleeding: Basics – Definition the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“Vaginal bleeding from a period usually happens every 21 to 35 days. This is called the menstrual cycle. The blood comes from the lining of the uterus, which is shed through the vagina. When this happens, a new reproductive cycle has started”.5

Look for A PatternPeriods Pattern

How may I Look for A Pattern with my periods?

In Periods (Menstruation): Irregular Periods the (Scottish) NHS Inform elaborate on:

“Some people may experience irregular periods that don’t come every month. This is often the case when girls start their periods but it can also be caused by things like stress, certain health conditions or pregnancy. Irregular periods can also be a sign of menopause”.6

Health Care Provider

What if there are changes in my periods?

If there are changes in your periods, it may be in you best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Menstrual Calendar the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

“During the transition to menopause (called perimenopause), it is normal to skip periods, but very frequent or heavy bleeding episodes often requires an evaluation by your healthcare provider. Any bleeding after menopause requires an evaluation by your healthcare provider”.7

In Your Period: When To See Your Doctor the JH note:

Periods

“There are many reasons you might need to see your doctor about your period. For example if:

  • Your period patterns change
  • You have increasingly heavier periods
  • You have long periods (more than eight days)
  • Your periods come less than three weeks apart
  • Your periods come more than two to three months apart.

Also see your doctor if:

  • You bleed between periods
  • You bleed after menopause
  • You bleed after having sex
  • You have painful periods that affect your quality of life”.8

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Periods?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Periods?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Periods: Overview. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/periods/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  2. Periods: Overview. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/periods/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  3. What Happens During the Typical 28-Day Menstrual Cycle? What Is the Menstrual Cycle? Page Last Updated: 22 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/your-menstrual-cycle Accessed: 05 September 2024
  4. About the Menstrual Cycle. Last Updated: 21 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/about-the-menstrual-cycle Accessed: 05 September 2024
  5. Vaginal Bleeding: Basics – Definition. 02 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050756 Accessed: 05 September 2024
  6. Periods (Menstruation). Last Updated: 04 May 2023. NHS Inform https://nhsinform-n1.azurewebsites.net/healthy-living/womens-health/girls-and-young-women-puberty-to-around-25/periods-and-menstrual-health/periods-menstruation/ Accessed: 05 September 2024
  7. Menstrual Calendar. 2015. North American Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/default-document-library/menonote-menstrual-calendar-english.pdf Accessed: 05 September 2024
  8. Your Period: When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 12 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 25 March 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/periods/your-period Accessed: 05 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 05 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 05 September 2024

“Bleeding from your vagina after menopause is not normal.
If you have any bleeding, spotting or staining
after you reach menopause, talk to your doctor”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause and Bleeding After Menopause Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Abnormal Bleeding After Menopause/Postmenopause
  • Abnormal Uterine Bleeding After Menopause/Postmenopause
  • After Menopause Bleeding/Spotting/Vaginal Bleeding
  • Bleeding/Spotting/Vaginal Bleeding After Menopause/Postmenopause
  • Postmenopausal/Postmenopause Bleeding/Spotting/Vaginal Bleeding

Definition

What is postmenopausal bleeding?

DotS the definition of postmenopausal bleeding may vary. In Postmenopausal Bleeding the (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s definition is:

“Postmenopausal bleeding is vaginal bleeding that occurs a year or more after your last menstrual period”.2

Normal or Not

Is bleeding after menopause or postmenopausal bleeding, normal?

No. In Bleeding After Menopause: A Concern? I thought I was in menopause because I haven’t had a period in three years. But last month, I got my period again. I’m 50 years old. What could be happening? the author elaborates on:

“Bleeding from the vagina after menopause is unusual. Get it checked by a health care provider as soon as you can. Or see a doctor who’s had extra training to find and treat diseases of the female reproductive organs, called a gynecologist”.3

In Periods: Overview – Changes In Your Periods the (United Kingdom) NHS note:

“Bleeding between periods, bleeding after having sex, or bleeding after the menopause needs to be checked by a doctor”.4

In What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause: Postmenopause – What Changes After Menopause? Vaginal and Vulval Health: Postmenopausal Bleeding the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health explain:

“Bleeding from your vagina after menopause is not normal. If you have any bleeding, spotting or staining after you reach menopause, talk to your doctor. They may recommend tests, including:

  • Cervical screening
  • Vaginal (internal) ultrasound
  • Biopsy
  • Curette (a procedure to gently remove the lining of your uterus)”.5

Uterine Cancer

What is the association between uterine cancer and postmenopausal bleeding?

In Postmenopausal Bleeding the Cleveland Clinic note:

“In about 10% of women, bleeding after menopause is a sign of uterine cancer”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I have bleeding after menopause?

If you have bleeding after menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this as soon as possible.

In Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor the (United States) Mayo Clinic note:

“See your healthcare professional as soon as you can if you bleed from your vagina after menopause”.7

In Postmenopausal Bleeding the NHS elaborate on:

“See a GP if:

You have postmenopausal bleeding, even if:

  • It’s only happened once
  • There’s only a small amount of blood, spotting, or pink or brown discharge
  • You do not have any other symptoms
  • You’re not sure if it’s blood.

Postmenopausal bleeding is not usually serious, but can be a sign of cancer. Cancer is easier to treat if it’s found early”.8

Who is a GP?

DotS and/or DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.

The Cleveland Clinic note:

“Contact your healthcare provider if you experience vaginal bleeding:

  • More than a year after your last menstrual period
  • More than a year after starting hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

In most cases, vaginal bleeding after menopause is harmless. But it can be a sign of a more serious condition.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

It’s normal to have irregular vaginal bleeding in the years leading up to menopause. But if you have bleeding more than a year after your last menstrual period, it’s time to see your healthcare provider. It could be the result of a simple infection or benign growths. But in rare cases, bleeding could be a sign of cancer”.9

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and Bleeding After Menopause?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and Bleeding After Menopause?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause: Postmenopause – What Changes After Menopause? Vaginal and Vulval Health: Postmenopausal Bleeding. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause#perimenopause-menopause-and-postmenopause Accessed: 04 September 2024
  2. Postmenopausal Bleeding. Last Reviewed: 15 January 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21549-postmenopausal-bleeding Accessed: 04 September 2024
  3. Burnett, T. Bleeding After Menopause: A Concern? I thought I was in menopause because I haven’t had a period in three years. But last month, I got my period again. I’m 50 years old. What could be happening? 07 December 2022. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bleeding-after-menopause/faq-20058396 Accessed: 04 September 2024
  4. Periods: Overview – Changes In Your Periods. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/periods/#changes-in-your-periods Accessed: 04 September 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause: Postmenopause – What Changes After Menopause? Vaginal and Vulval Health: Postmenopausal Bleeding. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause#perimenopause-menopause-and-postmenopause Accessed: 04 September 2024
  6. Postmenopausal Bleeding. Last Reviewed: 15 January 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21549-postmenopausal-bleeding Accessed: 04 September 2024
  7. Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20353397 Accessed: 04 September 2024
  8. Postmenopausal Bleeding. Page Last Reviewed: 22 May 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-menopausal-bleeding/#when-to-get-medical-help Accessed: 04 September 2024
  9. Postmenopausal Bleeding: Living With – When Should I Contact My Healthcare Provider? Last Reviewed: 15 January 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21549-postmenopausal-bleeding Accessed: 04 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 04 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 04 September 2024

“Sexual difficulties can be life-long or recently acquired,
but they are a common presentation at the menopause.
They may also be situational (limited to certain types of…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Sexual Health and Menopause Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause and Sexual Health
  • Sexual Health and Menopause
  • Sexual Well-Being and Menopause

Menopause, Aging, Other Factors

Is there an association between menopause, aging, other factors and sexual health?

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Changes At Midlife the Menopause Society [formerly the North American Menopause Society] elaborate on:

Sexual Health and Menopause“Every woman experiences her midlife years differently. The changes that occur during this period, including changes in sexual well-being, are typically caused by a mix of both menopause and aging, as well as by typical midlife stresses and demands”.2

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Stage of Life the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) explain:

“At this stage of your life, you may have added pressures that affect your sex life. For example, children moving out of home, caring for elderly parents or work pressures.

You may also feel differently about your body at this age and may not want to be intimate with your partner as often as you used to”.3

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Menopausal Symptoms the JH also note:

“It’s common for different menopausal symptoms to affect sexual desire. For example, hot flushes, moodiness, sleeplessness and fatigue”.4

Sexual Difficulties

Is there an association between sexual difficulties and menopause?

In Sexual Difficulties In the Menopause the Australasian Menopause Society note:

“Sexual difficulties can be life-long or recently acquired, but they are a common presentation at the menopause. They may also be situational (limited to certain types of stimulation, situations, or partners) or generalized”.5

Sexual Disorders

What is it important to note about sexual disorders and menopause?

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Sexual Health Problems At Midlife the Menopause Society note:

“The question of being troubled is key when it comes to any potential sexual disorder, since the issue is not the sexual “problem” or condition itself but whether it is bothersome or troubling to the person or partners involved. For instance, if both partners in a couple are content to live without an active sex life, then a condition such as vaginal dryness or erectile difficulty does not really represent sexual dysfunction. Similarly, a woman who notices some decline in sexual desire over time may not be troubled by it if she is not in a relationship. However, if she meets a partner with high libido, she may start to see her low sex drive as a problem”.6

Sexual Activity

Is there an association between sexual activity and menopause?

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Changes In the Vagina and Vulva – Vulvovaginal Atrophy the Menopause Society explain:

“When a woman doesn’t have intercourse or other vaginal sexual activity on a regular basis following menopause, her vagina may also become shorter and narrower. Then, when she does try to have intercourse, she is likely to experience pain, even if she uses a lubricant. That’s because dry, fragile vulvovaginal tissues are susceptible to injury, tearing, and bleeding during intercourse or any penetration of the vagina. The resulting discomfort can be so great that the woman avoids intercourse and the condition worsens. Sometimes, even women who are not sexually active are bothered by vaginal dryness and the irritation that may accompany it”.7

How may regular sexual activity help?

According to the Menopause Society:

“Continuing to have regular vaginal sexual activity through menopause helps keep the vaginal tissues thick and moist and maintains the vagina’s length and width. This helps keep sexual activity pleasurable”.8

Over-the-Counter Treatment Options

What are some over-the-counter treatment options for vaginal dryness?

In Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“To treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause, your doctor may first recommend over-the-counter treatment options, including:

  • “Vaginal moisturizers. Try a vaginal moisturizer (K-Y Liquibeads, Replens, Sliquid, others) to restore some moisture to your vaginal area. You may have to apply the moisturizer every few days. The effects of a moisturizer generally last a bit longer than those of a lubricant
  • Water-based lubricants. These lubricants (Astroglide, K-Y Jelly, Sliquid, others) are applied just before sexual activity and can reduce discomfort during intercourse. Choose products that don’t contain glycerin or warming properties because women who are sensitive to these substances may experience irritation. Avoid petroleum jelly or other petroleum-based products for lubrication if you’re also using condoms, because petroleum can break down latex condoms on contact”.9

Hormone Therapy

Is hormone therapy a suitable treatment for vaginal dryness?

On page three in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations can be taken by perimenopausal and menopausal women experiencing genitourinary symptoms and continued for as long as required. All vaginal oestrogen preparations have been shown to be effective in this context and there is no requirement to combine vaginal oestrogens with systemic progestogen treatment for endometrial protection, as low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations do not result in significant systemic absorption or endometrial hyperplasia”.10

Testosterone Therapy

Is testosterone therapy a suitable treatment for low libido?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Managing Low Libido: Testosterone Therapy the JH elaborate on:

“The area of wellbeing and libido is very complex, and research tells us these are likely to be influenced by psychological factors more than testosterone. But testosterone therapy may be a suitable treatment for postmenopausal women who feel distressed by their loss of sexual desire. This condition is known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)”.11

Is there a video/podcast about Testosterone Therapy for Postmenopausal Women?

Your Country may have a video/podcast similar to the British Menopause Society’s (BMS) BMS TV: Testosterone Explained or the JH’s Libido and Testosterone Therapy – Podcast.

Partners

What can partners be mindful of about sexual health and menopause?

In Information for Partners: Sex and Menopause the JH elaborate on:

“It’s common for women to have lower sex drive (libido) during menopause. This could be due to many things, including changing hormone levels, vaginal atrophy, vaginal dryness (which can cause discomfort during sex) and lowered mood and fatigue”.12

Where may partners may find more information about sexual health and menopause?

Partners may find more information about sexual health and menopause in Information for Partners: Sex and Menopause.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my sexual health and menopause?

If you would like help with your sexual health and menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In How Sex Changes After Menopause: Don’t Give Up on Sex During Menopause the (United States) Cleveland Clinic encourages us to seek help, elaborating on:

“If nothing seems to help and you’re bothered by your sexual (dys)function, talk to your doctor — and try not to feel embarrassed. These are common concerns, and your healthcare providers are there to help”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Sexual Health and Menopause?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Sexual Health and Menopause?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Sexual Difficulties In the Menopause. Content Created March 2021. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/722-sexual-difficulties-in-the-menopause Accessed: 04 September 2024
  2. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Changes At Midlife. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/changes-at-midlife Accessed: 04 September 2024
  3. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Stage of Life. Menopausal Symptoms. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/sex Accessed: 04 September 2024
  4. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Menopausal Symptoms. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/sex Accessed: 04 September 2024
  5. Sexual Difficulties In the Menopause. Content Created March 2021. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/722-sexual-difficulties-in-the-menopause Accessed: 04 September 2024
  6. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Sexual Problems At Midlife. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/sexual-problems-at-midlife Accessed: 04 September 2024
  7. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Changes In the Vagina and Vulva – Vulvovaginal Atrophy. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/changes-at-midlife/changes-in-the-vagina-and-vulva Accessed: 04 September 2024
  8. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Changes In the Vagina and Vulva: Vulvovaginal Atrophy. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/changes-at-midlife/changes-in-the-vagina-and-vulva Accessed: 04 September 2024
  9. Vaginal Atrophy: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352294 Accessed: 04 September 2024
  10. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 04 September 2024
  11. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – Managing Low Libido: Testosterone Therapy. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/sex Accessed: 04 September 2024
  12. Information for Partners: Sex and Menopause. Last Updated: 07 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/information-for-partners Accessed: 04 September 2024
  13. How Sex Changes After Menopause: Don’t Give Up on Sex During Menopause. 16 May 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://health.clevelandclinic.org/sex-and-menopause/ Accessed: 04 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 04 September 2024

“In 2023 the global female population is over 4 billion.
Women form a large part of workforces worldwide, and
many will be working throughout their menopausal years”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause and the Workplace Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause and the Workplace
  • Menopause in the Workplace

Menopause Workplace

What do the Australian Menopause Society (AMS) explain about Menopause and the Workplace?

In Menopause and the Workplace the AMS explain:

Menopause and the Workplace“Addressing menopause at work can benefit both employers and employees.

Employers who make workplaces responsive to gender and diversity will be better able to attract and retain skilled and talented staff. Menopause is a gender and age-equity issue and remains one of the last “unspoken” issues in workplaces”.2

Menopause Society

Menopause and the WorkplaceWhere may I find information about the Menopause Society’s (formerly the North American Menopause Society) Making Menopause Work, published September 2024?

You may find information in Making Menopause Work and The Menopause Society Launches Making Menopause Work™ Initiative.

What is the Menopause Society’s Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society?

In Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society, published September 2024, the Menopause Society elaborate on:

“These recommendations include, among other things, suggestions for employers to review policies and healthcare plans and benefits and to consider flexibility and accommodations that may be needed for some women with menopause symptoms”.3

European Menopause and Andropause Society

Menopause and the WorkplaceWhat is the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s (EMAS) EMAS Menopause In the Workplace?

In EMAS Menopause In the Workplace the EMAS explain:

“…EMAS is leading in health and wellbeing frameworks and policies to incorporate menopausal health as part of the wider context of gender and age equality and reproductive and post-reproductive health”.4

Menopause and the Workplace Links

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Menopause

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Definitions, published online 01 December 2023, the authors’ definition is:

“Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation in a non-hysterectomized woman. As many women may not be naturally menstruating when their menopause transition begins, for example due to hormonal contraception, having had an endometrial ablation or hysterectomy or pre-existing oligo-amenorrhea, a pragmatic definition of menopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian function”.5

Menopause Age

What is the average age of menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause the Australasian Menopause Society explain:

“Most women become menopausal naturally between the ages of 45 and 55 years, with the average age of onset at around 51 years. Surgical menopause refers to menopause as a result of bilateral oophorectomy. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency may occur before the age of 40 due to natural ovarian function ceasing, following surgery to remove the ovaries, or as a result of chemo/ radiotherapy. Menopause is considered “early” when it occurs between 40 and 45 years”.6

Menopause Symptoms

What are some menopause symptoms?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health elaborate on:

“Physical Symptoms
Physical symptoms may include:

  • Irregular periods
  • Hot flushes
  • Night sweats
  • Sleep problems
  • Sore breasts
  • Itchy, crawly or dry skin
  • Exhaustion and fatigue
  • Dry vagina
  • Loss of sex drive (libido)
  • Headaches or migraines
  • More pronounced premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
  • Aches and pains
  • Bloating
  • Urinary problems
  • Weight gain due to a slower metabolism

Emotional Symptoms
Emotional symptoms may include:

  • Feeling irritable or frustrated
  • Feeling anxious
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Brain fog
  • Forgetfulness
  • Lowered mood
  • Mood swings
  • Feeling you can’t cope as well as you used to”.7

Menopause Symptoms Duration

What is the average duration of menopause symptoms?

On page one and two in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, the authors elaborate on:

“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms may last for a long time with an average duration of 7 years, with a third of women experiencing symptoms beyond 7 years”.8

Menopause Symptoms Personal Impact

What personal impact may menopause symptoms have?

On page one in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause the authors also note:

“The menopause marks the end of the reproductive life cycle and can affect women in a variety of ways. Many women may experience symptoms related to the menopause that can have a detrimental impact on their quality of life and wellbeing and may also have a significant impact on their personal relationships and work. These can include hot flushes and night sweats, vaginal dryness, a change in mood and memory problems. Whilst not all women going through the menopause will experience menopausal symptoms, the majority will experience such symptoms”.9

Menopause Symptoms Workplace Impact

What workplace impact may menopause symptoms have?

In The Impact of Menopause on Women’s Health: A Workplace Initiative, dated 22 February 2023, the (United States) Society for Women’s Health Research elaborate on:

“With approximately 44% of women in the workforce being older than 45, menopause symptoms have been reported to affect up to 20% of the US workforce. With approximately 44% of women in the workforce being older than 45, increases in retirement age and life expectancy are putting a demand on workplace settings to recognize the impact of menopause on women’s health”.10

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause and the Workplace?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause and the Workplace?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 03 September 2024
  2. Menopause and the Workplace. Content Updated November 2022. Australian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-the-workplace Accessed: 03 September 2024
  3. Menopause Society. Menopause and the Workplace: Consensus Recommendations From The Menopause Society. September 2024 https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/abstract/2024/09000/menopause_and_the_workplace__consensus.3.aspx Accessed: 10 September 2024
  4. EMAS Menopause In the Workplace. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/ Accessed: 03 September 2024
  5. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Definitions. Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 03 September 2024
  6. What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause. Content Created  May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 03 September 2024
  7. Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024. Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#physical-and-emotional-symptoms Accessed: 03 September 2024
  8. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 03 September 2024
  9. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 03 September 2024
  10. The Impact of Menopause on Women’s Health: A Workplace Initiative. 22 February 2023. Society for Women’s Health Research https://swhr.org/event/the-impact-of-menopause-on-womens-health-a-workplace-initiative/2023-02-22/ Accessed: 03 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 September 2024