“Everyone experiences hot flushes differently.
For example, you might have mild, quick hot flushes every
now and then, or you might have more than 20 a day”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hot Flushes Differences Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hot Flashes/Flushes Cultural Differences
  • Hot Flashes/Flushes Differences
  • Hot Flashes/Flushes Individual Differences

Hot Flushes

What are hot flushes or hot flashes?

DotS the definition of hot flushes may vary. In Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:

“They generally start in your chest area and spread to your upper chest, neck and face. They can also spread over your whole body. The flushes may feel like a burning, overheating sensation. You may also have reddening of the skin and different degrees of sweating”.2

In What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause? Hot Flashes the (United States) National Institute on Aging’s (NIA) definition is:

“A hot flash is a sudden feeling of heat in the upper part or all of your body. Your face and neck may become flushed. Red blotches may appear on your chest, back, and arms. Heavy sweating and cold shivering can follow”.3

Night Sweats

What are night sweats?

DotS the definition of night sweats may vary. The JH definition is:

“When a flush happens at night, it’s called a night sweat”.4

Common or Not

How common are hot flushes and night sweats?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the JH explain:

“About 80% of women experience hot flushes and night sweats during menopause”.5

Cultural Differences

What are some hot flushes cultural differences?

In Hot Flashes – Symptoms & Causes: Risk Factors the (United States) Mayo Clinic note:

  • “Race. More black women report having hot flashes during menopause than do women of other races. Hot flashes are reported least frequently in Asian women”.6

Individual Differences

What are some hot flushes individual differences?

The JH explain:

“Everyone experiences hot flushes differently. For example, you might have mild, quick hot flushes every now and then, or you might have more than 20 a day”.7

Average Duration

How long does an ‘average’ hot flush last?

In What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause? Hot Flashes the NIA note:

“Most hot flashes last between 30 seconds and 10 minutes”.8

Frequency

How frequently do hot flushes occur?

In Hot Flashes: Hot Flashes and Night Sweats the (United States) Menopause Society explain:

Hot Flushes Differences“Each hot flash episode typically lasts between 1 and 5 minutes and may be accompanied by sweating, chills, and anxiety. Some women can feel a rapid heartbeat at the same time. Night sweats are hot flashes that occur during sleep. Chills can also occur, resulting in shivering”.9

Stop

When do hot flushes stop?

In Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? the NIA note:

“Research has shown that there can be different patterns of when women first experience hot flashes and for how long, and that African American and Hispanic women have hot flashes for more years than white and Asian women”.10

Health Care Provider

What if I need help with my hot flushes?

If you need help with your hot flushes, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The Mayo Clinic explain:

“If hot flashes affect your daily activities or nighttime sleep, consider seeing your doctor to discuss treatment options”.11

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hot Flushes Differences?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hot Flushes Differences?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 09 September 2024
  2. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 09 September 2024
  3. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause? Hot Flashes. Content Reviewed: 30 September  2021. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-signs-and-symptoms-menopause Accessed: 09 September 2024
  4. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 09 September 2024
  5. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 09 September 2024
  6. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Risk Factors. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  7. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated:  21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 09 September 2024
  8. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause? Hot Flashes. Content Reviewed: 30 September 2021. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-signs-and-symptoms-menopause Accessed: 09 September 2024
  9. Hot Flashes: Hot Flashes and Night Sweats. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hot-flashes Accessed: 09 September 2024
  10. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? Content Reviewed: 30 September 2021. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hot-flashes-what-can-i-do Accessed: 09 September 2024
  11. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When to See A Doctor. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 09 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024

“The British Menopause Society (BMS) is the specialist
authority for menopause and post reproductive health
in the UK. Established in 1989, the BMS educates…”.1

Umbrella

What may the British Menopause Society Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • British Menopause Society
  • Women’s Health Concern

British Menopause Society

What is the British Menopause Society (BMS)?

The BMS explain:

British Menopause Society“The British Menopause Society (BMS) is the specialist authority for menopause and post reproductive health in the UK. Established in 1989, the BMS educates, informs and guides healthcare professionals, working in both primary and secondary care, on menopause and all aspects of post reproductive health”.2

Women’s Health Concern

What is the (British) Women’s Health Concern (WHC)?

The WHC explain:

“Women’s Health Concern (WHC), established in 1972 and the patient arm of the BMS since 2012. WHC provides a confidential, independent service to advise, inform and reassure women about their gynaecological, sexual and post reproductive health”.3

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the British Menopause Society?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to British Menopause Society?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. British Menopause Society: For Healthcare Professionals. Website Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024. British Menopause Society http://www.thebms.org.uk/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
  2. British Menopause Society: For Healthcare Professionals. Website Last Reviewed: September 2024. British Menopause Society http://www.thebms.org.uk/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
  3. Women’s Health Concern: For Patients. Website Last Reviewed: September 2024. Women’s Health Concern http://www.womens-health-concern.org/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 09 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024

“Climacteric is the phase encompassing the transition
from the reproductive state to the non-reproductive state.
This phase extends for a variable period both before…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Climacteric Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Climacteric
  • Perimenopause

Climacteric

What is climacteric?

DotS the definition of climacteric may vary. In Menopause Definitions and Terms the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s definition is:

  • “Climacteric is the phase encompassing the transition from the reproductive state to the non-reproductive state. This phase extends for a variable period both before and after the perimenopause”.2

Perimenopause

What is perimenopause?

DotS the definition of perimenopause may vary. On page four in Glossary of Terms: Perimenopause [English] the current definition used by the International Menopause Society (IMS) is:


Climacteric “Perimenopause – the time before; around and just after the actual moment of menopause”.3

Menopause

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. On page four in Glossary of Terms: Menopause [English] the current definition used by the IMS is:

“Menopause – the last day of a woman’s last period ever”.4

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my transition to menopause?

If you would like help with your transition to menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health explain:

“Talk to your doctor if you are worried about:

  • Irregular periods
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
  • Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, that interfere with your daily life”.5

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Climacteric?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Climacteric?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause Definitions and Terms. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Menopause-definitions-and-terms.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  2. Menopause Definitions and Terms. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Menopause-definitions-and-terms.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  3. Glossary of Terms: Perimenopause. 2022:4. Menopause Terminology: Definitions – Climacteric. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IMS-English-Factsheet-4-glossary.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  4. Glossary of Terms: Menopause. 2022:4. Menopause Terminology: Definitions – Climacteric. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IMS-English-Factsheet-4-glossary.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause#when-to-see-your-doctor Accessed: 09 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 09 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024

“About 80% of women experience hot flushes and night sweats during menopause. They generally start in your chest area and spread to your upper chest, neck and face”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hot Flushes Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Cold Flashes
  • Hot Flash
  • Hot Flashes
  • Hot Flush (HF)
  • Hot Flushes
  • Menopausal/Menopause Hot Flashes/Hot Flushes
  • Menopause-Related Hot Flashes/Hot Flushes
  • Vasomotor Symptoms
  • “Power Surges”

Vasomotor Symptoms

What are vasomotor symptoms (VMS)?

DotS the definition of vasomotor symptoms may vary. The (United States) Menopause Society’s definition is:

Vasomotor symptoms. Also known as hot flashes and night sweats, common symptoms during perimenopause and early postmenopause”.2

Hot Flush

What is a hot flush?

DotS the definition of a hot flush may vary. In Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) definition is:

“About 80% of women experience hot flushes and night sweats during menopause. They generally start in your chest area and spread to your upper chest, neck and face. They can also spread over your whole body. The flushes may feel like a burning, overheating sensation. You may also have reddening of the skin and different degrees of sweating. When a flush happens at night, it’s called a night sweat”.3

Hot Flash

What is a hot flash?

DotS the definition of a hot flash may vary. In Hot Flashes: Hot Flashes and Night Sweats the Menopause Society’s definition is:

Hot Flushes“Hot flashes are characterized by a sudden, intense sensation of heat in the upper body—particularly the face, neck, and chest. Each hot flash episode typically lasts between 1 and 5 minutes and may be accompanied by sweating, chills, and anxiety. Some women can feel a rapid heartbeat at the same time. Night sweats are hot flashes that occur during sleep. Chills can also occur, resulting in shivering”.4

Night Sweats

What are night sweats?

DotS the definition of night sweats may vary. In Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Night sweats are hot flashes that happen at night, and they may disrupt your sleep”.5

Cause

What is the cause of hot flushes?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the JH explain:

“We don’t know exactly what causes hot flushes. Lower oestrogen levels may affect parts of the brain that regulate your body temperature. Many studies suggest that stress and anxiety can influence the frequency and intensity of hot flushes. Some foods or alcohol can also have an impact”.6

Other Causes

Apart from menopause, what are other causes of hot flushes?

In Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Causes the Mayo Clinic note:

“Rarely, hot flashes and nights sweats are caused by something other than menopause. Other potential causes include medication side effects, problems with your thyroid, certain cancers and side effects of cancer treatment”.7

Common or Not

How common are hot flushes?

In Hot Flashes: Hot Flashes and Night Sweats according to the Menopause Society:

“Hot flashes and night sweats, also called vasomotor symptoms, are feelings of warmth that can be associated with flushing and sweating. They are quite common during menopause, occurring in up to 80% of women and lasting a mean of 7 to 10 years”.8

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Basic Physiology – Symptoms of the Menopause: Symptom Prevalence, published online 30 October 2023, the authors note:

“Findings from large Australian epidemiology studies have revealed that 74% of postmenopausal women aged <55 years have VMS, 28% of postmenopausal women aged <55 years have moderate to severely bothersome VMS, and 42% and 33% of women aged 60–64 years and 65–79 years, respectively, still have VMS”.9

Impact

What impact may hot flushes have?

In Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Complications the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Hot flashes may impact your daily activities and quality of life. Nighttime hot flashes (night sweats) can wake you from sleep and, over time, can cause long-term sleep disruptions”.10

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Basic Physiology – Symptoms of the Menopause: Symptom Prevalence the authors note:

“VMS severely impact well-being, the effect being similar to having insecure housing”.11

Depression

Is there an association between hot flushes and depressive symptoms?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Basic Physiology – Symptoms of the Menopause: Symptom Prevalence the authors note:

“Women with moderate to severe VMS are up to three-fold more likely to have moderate–severe depressive symptoms than other women”.12

Heart Disease and Bone Loss

Is there an association between hot flushes, risk of heart disease and greater bone loss?

In Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Complications according to the Mayo Clinic:

“Research suggests that women who have hot flashes may have an increased risk of heart disease and greater bone loss than women who do not have hot flashes”.13

Lifestyle Changes

What are some lifestyle changes to improve hot flushes?

In Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? Lifestyle Changes To Improve Hot Flashes the (United States) National Institute on Aging elaborate on:

  • “Dress in layers that can be removed at the start of a hot flash
  • Carry a portable fan to use when a hot flash strikes
  • Avoid alcohol, spicy foods, and caffeine. These can make menopausal symptoms worse
  • If you smoke, try to quit, not only for hot flashes, but for your overall health
  • Try to maintain a healthy weight. Women who are overweight or obese may experience more frequent and severe hot flashes
  • Explore mind-body practices. Some early-stage research has shown that hypnotherapy and mindfulness meditation could help with management of hot flashes”.14

Treatment Options

What are the two categories of treatment options for hot flushes?

In Hot Flashes: How Do I Treat A Hot Flash? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic elaborate on:

“In general, there are two categories of treatment options for hot flashes: prescription medications and over-the-counter (non-prescription) therapies. Some prescription medications are used as off-label treatments to help reduce hot flashes. Using a product “off label” means that it’s not FDA-approved for the treatment of hot flashes, but is often used because it can be safe and effective as a treatment option”.15

Hormone Therapy

Is hormone therapy one of the most effective treatment for hot flushes?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use which “simplifies the data in the new NAMS Position Statement for women trying to make decisions about using hormone therapy” the NAMS note:

“Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments available for bothersome hot flashes and night sweats”.16

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“The most effective way to relieve the discomfort of hot flashes is to take estrogen, but taking this hormone carries risks. If estrogen is appropriate for you and you start it within 10 years of your last menstrual period or before age 60, the benefits can be greater than the risks.

Medications such as antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs also might help reduce hot flashes, although they’re less effective than hormones”.17

Alternative Therapies

Do alternative therapies improve hot flushes?

In the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause one of the recommendations is:

“Alternative therapies, including cognitive behavioural therapy, may also improve hot flushes, nights sweats and other menopausal symptoms and can be considered in women who do not wish to take HRT or have contraindications to taking HRT”.18

Stop

When do hot flushes stop?

In Hot Flashes: Symptoms and Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic NAMS explain:

“On average, hot flash symptoms persist for more than seven years. Some women have them for more than 10 years”.19

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my hot flushes?

If you would like help with your hot flushes, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Discuss the pros and cons of various treatments with your doctor. If hot flashes don’t interfere with your life, you probably don’t need treatment. Hot flashes subside gradually for most women, even without treatment, but it can take several years for them to stop”.20

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hot Flushes?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hot Flushes?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
  2. Menopause Definitions: V – Vasomotor Symptoms. Menopause Society http://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-glossary#V Accessed: 09 September 2024
  3. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
  4. Hot Flashes: Hot Flashes and Night Sweats. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hot-flashes Accessed: 09 September 2024
  5. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  6. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
  7. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  8. Hot Flashes: Hot Flashes and Night Sweats. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hot-flashes Accessed: 09 September 2024
  9. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Basic Physiology – Symptoms of the Menopause: Symptom Prevalence. First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  10. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Basic Physiology – Symptoms of the Menopause: Symptom Prevalence. First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  11. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Basic Physiology – Symptoms of the Menopause: Symptom Prevalence. First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  12. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Complications. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  13. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Complications. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  14. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? Lifestyle Changes To Improve Hot Flashes. Content Reviewed: 30 September 2021. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hot-flashes-what-can-i-do Accessed: 09 September 2024
  15. Hot Flashes: How Do I Treat A Hot Flash? 21 March 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15223-hot-flashes Accessed: 09 September 2024
  16. Deciding About Hormone Therapy. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  17. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  18. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  19. Hot Flashes: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  20. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 09 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 09 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024

“COVID-19 is the disease caused by
a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2.
WHO first learned of this new virus on…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • COVID-19
  • CoV
  • Coronavirus
  • Coronavirus Disease

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

What is coronavirus (COVID-19)?

DotS the definition of coronavirus (COVID-19) may vary. In Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): What Is COVID-19? the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition is:

“COVID-19 is the disease caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. WHO first learned of this new virus on 31 December 2019, following a report of a cluster of cases of so-called viral pneumonia in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China”.2

Signs and Symptoms

What are signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019?

In COVID-19: Symptoms of COVID-19 – Signs and Symptoms the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explain:

“The following list does not include all possible symptoms. Symptoms may change with new COVID-19 variants and can vary depending on vaccination status. Possible symptoms include:

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or runny nose
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Diarrhea”.3

Medical Attention

What if I think I need medical attention for Coronavirus Disease?

If you think you need medical attention for Coronavirus Disease, it may be in your best interest to choose to follow your Country’s instructions about how you can receive this.

Mental Health

How can we care for our mental health?

In Caring for Your Mental Health: About Self-Care the (United States) National Institute for Mental Health elaborate on self-care:

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)“Self-care means taking the time to do things that help you live well and improve both your physical health and mental health. When it comes to your mental health, self-care can help you manage stress, lower your risk of illness, and increase your energy. Even small acts of self-care in your daily life can have a big impact.

Here are some tips to help you get started with self-care:

  • Get regular exercise…
  • Eat healthy, regular meals and stay hydrated…
  • Make sleep a priority
  • Try a relaxing activity…
  • Set goals and priorities…
  • Practice gratitude…
  • Focus on positivity…
  • Stay connected…”.4

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

World Health Organization

Where may I find the WHO’s information about Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?

The WHO may include Links similar to:

Your Country

Where may I find my Country’s information about Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?

Your Country’s Government, Department of Health, National Health Service or National Institute of Health may include Links similar to:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): What Is COVID-19? 28 March 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Accessed: 08 September 2024
  2. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): What Is COVID-19? 28 March 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Accessed: 08 September 2024
  3. COVID-19: Symptoms of COVID-19 – Signs and Symptoms. 25 June 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/covid/signs-symptoms/ Accessed: 08 September 2024
  4. Caring for Your Mental Health: About Self-Care. Last Reviewed: February 2024. National Institute for Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health/ Accessed: 08 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 08 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 08 September 2024

“Vaginal dryness may be a problem for women at any age, although it occurs more frequently in older women, particularly after menopause”.1

Umbrella

What may the Vaginal Dryness Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Atrophic Vaginitis
  • Genital Atrophy
  • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  • Urogenital Atrophy
  • Vaginal Atrophy
  • Vaginal Dryness
  • Vaginal Symptoms
  • Vulvovaginal Vaginal Atrophy

Vaginal Dryness

What is vaginal dryness?

DotS the definition of vaginal dryness may vary. In Vaginal Dryness: Overview – What Is Vaginal Dryness? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s definition is:

“Vaginal dryness is a painful symptom that affects a person’s quality of life. It can cause pain during sitting, exercising, peeing and sexual intercourse. Normally, your vaginal lining is lubricated with fluid that helps keep it thick and elastic. Vaginal dryness happens when the tissues in your vagina are dry, thin and not well-moisturized. This leads to discomfort, especially during sex”.2

Vaginal Dryness and Menopause

What is the association between vaginal dryness and menopause?

In Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: How To Treat It?, published 14 May 2024, the author explains:

“Vaginal dryness can be a problem for many people after menopause. Vaginal dryness is the main symptom of what’s called genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The syndrome used to be called atrophic vaginitis or vaginal atrophy.

With this condition, vaginal tissues become thinner and irritated more easily. This is the result of falling levels of estrogen during menopause”.3

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

What is the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)?

DotS the definition of GSM may vary. On page one in Vaginal Dryness, published December 2022, the (United States) Menopause Society’s definition is:

“The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) includes bothersome vaginal, vulvar (lips of the vagina), and urinary symptoms that can affect quality of life, sexual satisfaction, and even your relationship with your partner”.4

On page one in Vaginal Dryness the Menopause Society explain:

Menopause and aging can affect the genitourinary system in these ways:

  • “Loss of estrogen at menopause may cause the vaginal tissues to become thin and dry, with decreased elasticity and lubrication, often resulting in pain with sexual activity, routine pelvic examinations, and even discomfort wiping after urination or wearing certain clothing
  • Symptoms such as burning, itching, or irritation of the vulva; lack of lubrication and vaginal dryness; and discomfort or pain with sexual activity are common
  • Burning on urination, increased frequency or urgency of urination, and increased risk for urinary tract infections also can occur
  • Burning on urination, increased frequency or urgency of urination, and increased risk for urinary tract infections also can occur
  • Symptoms may be more severe in women who undergo menopause as a result of the surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause) or because of chemotherapy for cancer treatment and in those who receive aromatase inhibitors for prevention or treatment of breast cancers”.5

Cause

What may cause vaginal dryness?

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Dry Vagina and Pain During Sex the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) note:

“The loss of oestrogen at menopause causes changes in the tissues of your vagina and vulva. This means your vagina becomes drier and less elastic, which can lead to vaginal irritation, vaginal atrophy and pain during sex”.6

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and vaginal dryness?

According to the (United States) Mayo Clinic:

“Vaginal dryness may be a problem for women at any age, although it occurs more frequently in older women, particularly after menopause”.7

Common or Not

How common is vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA)?

In Vaginal Atrophy: Epidemiology last updated 03 July 2023, according to the authors:

“Vaginal atrophy can be a common issue for all women. However, it shows much more prevalence among the postmenopausal population. Reports show that 15% of the female population experiences symptoms of vaginal atrophy before menopause, whereas 40% to 57% of postmenopausal women have symptoms. Menopause causes a dramatic 95% reduction in estrogen production”.8

Go Away or Not

Does vaginal dryness improve with time?

The Menopause Society note:

“Unlike hot flashes, which typically improve with time, GSM usually worsens over time without treatment”.9

Treatment

What are some treatments for vaginal dryness?

In Vaginal Dryness: Treatment the MedlinePlus elaborate on:

“There are many treatments for vaginal dryness. Before treating your symptoms on your own, a health care provider must find out the cause of the problem”.10

In Questions To Ask Your GP About Menopause: How Can I Manage Vaginal Dryness? Dr Elizabeth Farrell, gynaecologist and Medical Director of the JH explains:

“Many women are too embarrassed to ask this question, but if you’re suffering, try to seek help because there are treatments. Lubricants, vaginal moisturiser and vaginal oestrogens can help, as can regular intercourse”.11

In Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options the Menopause Society elaborate on:

  • “Nonhormone Remedies
    • Vaginal Lubricants…
    • Vaginal Moisturizers…
    • Regular Sexual Stimulation…
    • Expanding Your Views of Sexual Pleasure…
    • Vaginal Dilators…
    • Pelvic Floor Exercises…
  • Vaginal Hormone Therapy…
    • Low-dose local estrogen…
    • FDA-approved low-dose vaginal estrogen products…
    • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; Prasterone)
    • Low-dose vaginal estrogen or DHEA and a history breast or uterine cancer…
  • Systemic Estrogen Therapy
  • Other Therapies…
    • Ospemifene
    • Vaginal Laser Therapy…”.12

Vaginal Lubricants and Vaginal Moisturizers

What are some examples of vaginal lubricants and vaginal moisturizers?

 In Vaginal Dryness: Care and Treatment – How Is Vaginal Dryness Treated? Lubricants and Moisturizers for Vaginal dryness the Cleveland Clinic explain:

“Lubricants and moisturizers are available without a prescription and can be purchased at drug or grocery stores. They work by replenishing your vaginal tissue and making it wet, which can help with pain during sex. You shouldn’t use moisturizers (such as for your face or body) that aren’t meant for your vagina.

  • Vaginal moisturizers: Apply vaginal moisturizers to the inside of your vagina every few days to keep your vaginal lining healthy. Some examples include Replens™, Luvena® and KY® Liquibeads.
  • Vaginal lubricants: Apply lubricants just before sexual intercourse to ease discomfort caused by sex. Astroglide® and KY® Jelly are examples of water-based vaginal lubricants. There are also silicone-based and oil-based lubricants”.13

Vaginal Estrogen

Can estrogen be placed directly into the vagina?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use, published July 2022, the Menopause Society elaborate on:

Vaginal Dryness“If you are bothered only by vaginal dryness, you can use very low doses of estrogen placed directly into the vagina. These low doses generally do not raise blood estrogen levels above postmenopause levels and do not treat hot flashes. You do not need to take a progestogen when using only low doses of estrogen in the vagina. (The MenoNoteVaginal Dryness” covers this topic in detail)”.14

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Effectiveness: Local Treatment of Urogenital Atrophy published online 30 October 2023, the authors note:

“Urogenital symptoms due to estrogen insufficiency are under-recognized and under-treated. These symptoms can be effectively treated with an array of local therapies including intravaginal estrogen preparations or DHEA (prasterone) and intravaginal moisturizers. Concurrent progestogen therapy is not required. Many women require local therapy, in addition to systemic MHT, to relieve urogenital symptoms. It is important patients understand that treatment needs to be ongoing and is not simply a short course of therapy”.15

Compounded Vaginal Estrogen and Testosterone

Are compounded vaginal estrogen and testosterone recommended for treatment of GSM?

On page two in Vaginal Dryness the Menopause Society’s notes include:

Notes:
Compounded vaginal estrogen and testosterone are not FDA regulated or recommended for treatment of GSM in most cases”.16

Ospemifene for Urogenital Atrophy

Can Ospemifene be used for vulvo-vaginal atrophy symptoms in postmenopausal women?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Effectiveness: MHT Formulations and Options published online 30 October 2023, the authors explain:

“Ospemifene is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator indicated for vulvo-vaginal atrophy symptoms in postmenopausal women (60 mg/day). Ospemifene has an estrogen-like effect in the vagina (increases superficial cells and decreases parabasal cells, and lowers vaginal pH) and alleviates dyspareunia. The most common adverse effect is VMS, which occur in 10% of treated women”.17

Regular Sexual Activity

Can regular sexual activity help?

In Menopause Signs and Symptoms: Vaginal Dryness and Painful Sexual Intercourse the (United States) Endocrine Society note:

“A drop in estrogen levels from menopause can cause the vagina to become dryer and more fragile. The vaginal dryness usually becomes worse with a lack of sexual activity. Sex stimulates blood flow in the vagina and aids in the production of vaginal fluids. So, sex actually keeps the vagina lubricated and healthy”.18

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have vaginal dryness?

If you think you have vaginal dryness, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The Mayo Clinic explain:

“Vaginal dryness affects many women, although they frequently don’t bring up the topic with their doctors.

If vaginal dryness affects your lifestyle, in particular your sex life and relationship with your partner, consider making an appointment with your doctor. Living with uncomfortable vaginal dryness doesn’t have to be part of getting older”.19

The MedlinePlus explain:

“Contact your provider if you have vaginal dryness or soreness, burning, itching, or painful sexual intercourse that does not go away when you use a water-soluble lubricant”.20

On page two in Vaginal Dryness the NAMS note:

“Notes: Vaginal and vulvar symptoms not related to menopause include yeast infections, allergic reactions, and certain skin conditions, so consult your healthcare professional if symptoms do not improve with treatment”.21

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Vaginal Dryness?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Vaginal Dryness?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Vaginal Dryness: Basics – Definition. 01 February 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-dryness/basics/definition/sym-20151520 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  2. Vaginal Dryness: Overview – What Is Vaginal Dryness? Last Reviewed: 26 July 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21027-vaginal-dryness Accessed: 09 September 2024
  3. Laughlin-Tommaso, S. K. Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: How To Treat It? 14 May 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/vaginal-dryness-after-menopause/expert-answers/faq-20115086 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  4. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options. 2022: 1-2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  5. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options. 2022: 1-2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  6. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships – What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Dry Vagina and Pain During Sex. Last Updated: 12 August 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself#sex-and-relationships Accessed: 09 September 2024
  7. Vaginal Dryness: Basics – Definition. 01 February 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-dryness/basics/definition/sym-20151520 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  8. Bleibel, B; Nguyen, H. Vaginal Atrophy: Epidemiology. Last Updated: 03 July 2023 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559297/ Accessed: 09 September 2024
  9. Vaginal Dryness. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  10. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment. Review Date: 12 July 2023. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000892.htm Accessed: 09 September 2024
  11. Questions To Ask Your GP About Menopause:  How Can I Manage Vaginal Dryness? Last Updated: 26 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 22 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/questions-to-ask-your-gp-about-menopause Accessed: 09 September 2024
  12. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options. 2022: 1-2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  13. Vaginal Dryness: Care and Treatment – How Is Vaginal Dryness Treated? Lubricants and Moisturizers for Vaginal Dryness. Last Reviewed: 26 July 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21027-vaginal-dryness Accessed: 09 September 2024
  14. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  15. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Effectiveness: Local Treatment of Urogenital Atrophy. First Published Online 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  16. Vaginal Dryness: Notes. 2022: 2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
  17. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – MHT Formulations and Options. First Published Online 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  18. Menopause Signs and Symptoms: Vaginal Dryness and Painful Sexual Intercourse. Endocrine Society. https://www.endocrine.org/menopausemap/signs-and-symptoms/index.html Accessed: 09 September 2024
  19. Vaginal Dryness: Basics – When To See A Doctor. 01 February 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-dryness/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20151520 Accessed: 09 September 2024
  20. Vaginal Dryness: When To Contact A Medical Professional. Review Date: 12 July 2023. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000892.htm Accessed: 09 September 2024
  21. Vaginal Dryness: Notes. 2022: 2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 09 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 07 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024

Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern
explains how to look for a pattern with
menopause symptoms of what’s-what-when.

Umbrella

What may the Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopausal/Menopause Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Menopause Transition Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Menopause-Related Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Perimenopausal/Perimenopause Changes/Signs/Symptoms

Menopause

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause: How Menopause Occurs the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Natural menopause is deemed to have occurred after 12 consecutive months without menstruation for which there is no other obvious physiological or pathological cause and in the absence of clinical intervention”.1

Look for A PatternMeno Martha’s Look for A Pattern

What is the best way to predict menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Diagnosing Perimenopause and Menopause the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) explain:

“The best way to predict menopause is to keep track of your symptoms. If your periods are irregular and your symptoms are getting worse, it’s likely you are approaching menopause”.2

Periods Pattern

Is there a menstrual diary to look for a pattern with my periods?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern

What is Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern?

Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern explains how to look for a pattern with menopause symptoms of what’s-what-when.

How can I look for a pattern with my menopause symptoms?Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern

To Look for A Pattern with menopause symptoms of what’s-what-when, you can ask yourself these questions and any of your own:

Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern

When do you have X? e.g. When do you have hot flushes/flashes?

  1. Do you have X on a particular day or night of the week? e.g work day or night
  2. Do you have X at a particular time of day or night?
  3. Do you have X when you feel hot?
  4. Do you have X when you feel hungry?
  5. Do you have X when you eat spicy or certain other food?
  6. Do you have X when you drink tea, coffee, cola or other caffeinated drinks?
  7. Do you have X when you drink alcohol?
  8. Do you have X when you smoke?
  9. Do you have X when you do not have a good night’s sleep?
  10. Do you have X when you feel stressed or sick?
  11. Do you have X when you do not exercise regularly?
  12. Do you have X when you do something else in particular?

Meno Martha’s Look for A Flip-Side Pattern

What is Meno Martha’s Look for A Flip-Side Pattern?

Meno Martha’s Look for A Flip-Side Pattern is how to look for a pattern with menopause symptoms of what’s-what-when, you have less menopause symptoms.

Meno Martha’s Look for A PatternHow can I look for a flip-side pattern with my menopause symptoms?

To Look for A Flip-Side Pattern with menopause symptoms of what’s-what-when, you can ask yourself these questions and any of your own:

Meno Martha’s Look for A Flip-Side Pattern

When do you have less X? e.g. When do you have less hot flushes/flashes?

  1. Do you have less X on a particular day or night of the week? e.g. Non-work day or night
  2. Do you have less X at a particular time of day or night?
  3. Do you have less X when you do not feel hot?
  4. Do you have less X when you do not feel hungry?
  5. Do you have less X when you eat less spicy or certain other food?
  6. Do you have less X when you drink less tea, coffee, cola or other caffeinated drinks?
  7. Do you have less X when you drink less alcohol?
  8. Do you have less X when you smoke less?
  9. Do you have less X when you have a good night’s sleep?
  10. Do you have less X when you do not feel stressed or sick?
  11. Do you have less X when you exercise regularly?
  12. Do you have less X when you do nothing in particular?

Hot Flush Triggers

What are hot flush triggers?

In Hot Flashes: What Can Trigger A Hot Flash the (United States) Cleveland Clinic elaborate on:

“A trigger is something that can set off a hot flash. There are actually a lot of things in your normal life that could trigger a hot flash. Triggers of hot flashes can include:

  • Hot weather
  • Heat
  • Smoking
  • Caffeine
  • Alcohol
  • Spicy foods
  • Tight clothing
  • Stress”.3

Symptom Tracker

Is there a symptom tracker?

In Menopause: Related Resources – Download the Menopause Symptom Tracker the (American) Endocrine Society include:

Healthy Lifestyle, Alternative Therapies, HRT

Can a healthy lifestyle, improve menopause symptoms?

On page one in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, the recommendations include:

  • “Women should be advised that implementing or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve menopause symptoms. A healthy diet (one low in saturated fat and salt and rich in calcium and vitamin D), stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and including regular exercise can be beneficial. Reducing caffeine intake may also improve symptoms.
  • Alternative therapies, including cognitive behavioural therapy, may also improve hot flushes, nights sweats and other menopausal symptoms and can be considered in women who do not wish to take HRT or have contraindications to taking HRT.
  • The decision whether to take HRT, the dose and duration of its use should be made on an individualised basis after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient…”.4

What is HRT?

HRT can be an abbreviation for Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my menopause symptoms?

If you would like help with your menopause symptoms, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor the JH explain:

“Talk to your doctor if you are worried about:

  • Irregular periods
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
  • Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, that interfere with your daily life”.5

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic also encourage us to seek help:

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your healthcare professional about your choices and the risks and benefits of each. Review your choices yearly. Your needs and the treatment choices may change”.6

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Meno Martha’s Look for A Pattern?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause: How Menopause Occurs. 17 October 2022. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause Accessed: 08 September 2024
  2. What Is Menopause? Diagnosing Perimenopause and Menopause. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 08 September 2024
  3. Hot Flashes: What Can Trigger A Hot Flash? Last Reviewed: 21 March 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15223-menopause-non-hormonal-treatment–relief-for-hot-flashes Accessed: 08 September 2024
  4. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 08 September 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 18 January 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 08 September 2024
  6. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 08 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 01 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 08 September 2024

World Menopause and Work Day 2024 is September 7.
“The purpose of the day is to promote strategies for
employers, managers, healthcare professionals, and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the World Menopause & Work Day 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this umbrella may include:

  • Menopause Work Charter
  • World Menopause and Work Day

World Menopause and Work Day

When is the World Menopause and Work Day?

In World Menopause and Work Day! the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) note:

“September 7 is the World Menopause and Work Day”.2World Menopause & Work Day 2024

World Menopause and Work Day Purpose

What is the purpose of World Menopause and Work Day?

In World Menopause and Work Day the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) explain:

“The purpose of the day is to promote strategies for employers, managers, healthcare professionals, and women to make changing workplace environments more menopause supportive”.3

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to World Menopause & Work Day 2024?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to World Menopause & Work Day 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. World Menopause and Work Day. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/september-7-is-world-menopause-work-day/ Accessed: 07 September 2024
  2. World Menopause and Work Day. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/september-7-is-world-menopause-work-day/ Accessed: 07 September 2024
  3. World Menopause and Work Day. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/menopause-in-the-workplace/september-7-is-world-menopause-work-day/ Accessed: 07 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 07 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 07 September 2024

“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms
affect more than 75% of women,
with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Symptoms Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Climacteric Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Menopausal/Menopause Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Menopause Transition Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Menopause-Related Changes/Signs/Symptoms
  • Perimenopausal/Perimenopause Changes/Signs/Symptoms

Hormones

What are the three main hormones that change as we approach menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) note:

“The three main hormones that change as you approach menopause are:

  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone.

The change in hormone levels can lead to different menopausal symptoms”.2

Common or Not

How common are menopause symptoms?

In Symptoms of Menopause: What Are the Symptoms of Menopause? the JH explain on:

“About 20% of women have no symptoms at all, while 60% have mild to moderate symptoms. The remaining 20% have severe symptoms that interfere with their daily life”.3

On page one in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms”.4

First Sign

What is usually the first sign of menopause?

According to the (United Kingdom) NHS:

“The first sign of the perimenopause is usually, but not always, a change in the normal pattern of your periods, for example they become irregular”.5

Physical Symptoms

What are common menopause physical symptoms?

In Menopause: Symptoms – Common Symptoms of Menopause and Perimenopause: Physical Symptoms the NHS explain:

Menopause Symptoms“Common physical symptoms of menopause and perimenopause include:

  • Hot flushes, when you have sudden feelings of hot or cold in your face, neck and chest which can make you dizzy
  • Difficulty sleeping, which may be a result of night sweats and make you feel tired and irritable during the day
  • Palpitations, when your heartbeats suddenly become more noticeable
  • Headaches and migraines that are worse than usual
  • Muscle aches and joint pains
  • Changed body shape and weight gain
  • Skin changes including dry and itchy skin
  • Reduced sex drive
  • Vaginal dryness and pain, itching or discomfort during sex
  • Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Sensitive teeth, painful gums or other mouth problems”.6

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms – Physical Symptoms the JH include:

“Physical symptoms may include:

  • Irregular periods
  • Hot flushes
  • Night sweats
  • Sleep problems
  • Sore breasts
  • Itchy, crawly or dry skin
  • Exhaustion and fatigue
  • Dry vagina
  • Loss of sex drive (low libido)
  • Headaches or migraines
  • More pronounced premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
  • Aches and pains
  • Bloating
  • Urinary problems
  • Weight gain due to a slower metabolism”.7

Psychological Symptoms

What are common menopause psychological symptoms?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms – Psychological and Emotional Symptoms the JH include:

“Psychological and emotional symptoms may include:

  • Feeling irritable or frustrated
  • Feeling anxious
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Brain fog
  • Forgetfulness
  • Lowered mood
  • Mood swings
  • Feeling you can’t cope as well as you used to”.8

Difference Differences

Are menopause symptoms one-size-fits-all?

No. In Symptoms of Menopause the JH elaborate on:

“Menopause can cause a range of physical and emotional changes, such as hot flushes, vaginal changes and mood swings. Every woman will have a different experience”.9

Duration

How long can menopause symptoms last?

In What Is Menopause? What Is Perimenopause (The Menopausal Transition) the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) explain:

“Some women can experience menopausal symptoms for 5-10 years before their final menstrual period”.10

The JH note:

“Many women have symptoms for around eight years and one in four women have symptoms into their 60s and 70s”.11

In Menopause: Symptoms – How Long Symptoms Last the NHS note:

“Symptoms can last for months or years, and can change with time.

For example, hot flushes and night sweats may improve, and then you may develop low mood and anxiety.

Some symptoms, such as joint pain and vaginal dryness, can carry on after your periods stop”.12

Factors

What factors impact on menopause symptoms?

The JH explain:

“Menopausal symptoms can be influenced by different things. For example, your stage of life and general health and wellbeing”.13

Conditions

What are the most common conditions that may mimic menopause symptoms?

Yes. In Diagnosing Menopause: If It’s Not Menopause, What Is It? the AMS elaborate on:

“Depression, anaemia and thyroid disorders are the most common conditions that may occur concurrently. Unstable diabetes and hyperthyroidism may cause hot flushes. Medication, such as the SSRI family of anti-depressants, may also cause hot flushes”.14

Lifestyle

Is there an association between lifestyle and menopause symptoms?

Yes. In Looking After Yourself the JH elaborate on:

“During menopause, it’s important to look after yourself. Healthy lifestyle choices will help to improve physical and emotional symptoms at every stage of menopause”.15

On page one in Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause one of the recommendations is:

  • “Women should be advised that implementing or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve menopause symptoms. A healthy diet (one low in saturated fat and salt and rich in calcium and vitamin D), stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and including regular exercise can be beneficial. Reducing caffeine intake may also improve symptoms”.16

Lifestyle Tips

What are some lifestyle tips which may relieve menopause symptoms?

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Lifestyle and Home Remedies the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Many of the symptoms menopause causes go away on their own in time. In the meantime, the following might help:

  • Cool hot flashes…
  • Ease vaginal pain…
  • Get enough sleep…
  • Find ways to relax…
  • Strengthen your pelvic floor…
  • Eat a balanced diet…
  • Manage weight
  • Don’t smoke…
  • Exercise regularly…”.17

Hormone Therapy

How effective is hormone therapy (HT) for the treatment of menopause symptoms?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits, published July 2022, the NAMS explain:

“Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments available for bothersome hot flashes and night sweats. If hot flashes and night sweats are disrupting your daily activities and sleep, HT may improve sleep and fatigue, mood, ability to concentrate, and overall quality of life. Treatment of bothersome hot flashes and night sweats is the principal reason women use HT. Hormone therapy also treats vaginal dryness and painful sex associated with menopause. Hormone therapy keeps your bones strong by preserving bone density and decreasing your risk of osteoporosis and fractures. If preserving bone density is your only concern, and you do not have bothersome hot flashes, other treatments may be recommended instead of HT”.18

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with menopause symptoms?

If you would like help with menopause symptoms, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor the JH also note:

“Talk to your doctor if you are worried about:

  • Irregular periods
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
  • Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, that interfere with your daily life”.19

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your healthcare professional about your choices and the risks and benefits of each. Review your choices yearly. Your needs and the treatment choices may change”.20

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Symptoms?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Symptoms?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Source

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 07 September 2024
  2. What Is Menopause? Hormones and Menopause. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 07 September 2024
  3. Symptoms of Menopause. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 07 September 2024
  4. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 07 September 2024
  5. Menopause: Symptoms – Common Symptoms of Menopause and Perimenopause: Changes To Your Periods. Page Last Reviewed: 17 May 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/menopause/symptoms/#changes-to-your-periods Accessed: 07 September 2024
  6. Menopause: Symptoms – Common Symptoms of Menopause and Perimenopause: Physical Symptoms. Page Last Reviewed: 17 May 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/menopause/symptoms/#changes-to-your-periods Accessed: 07 September 2024
  7. Symptoms of Menopause. Physical and Emotional Symptoms – Physical Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 07 September 2024
  8. Symptoms of Menopause. Physical and Emotional Symptoms – Psychological and Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 07 September 2024
  9. Symptoms of Menopause. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 07 September 2024
  10. What Is Menopause? Key Points. Content Created May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 07 September 2024
  11. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – How Long Do You Need To Take MHT? Last Updated: 03 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 07 September 2024
  12. Menopause: Symptoms – How Long Symptoms Last. Page Last Reviewed: 17 May 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/menopause/symptoms/#changes-to-your-periods Accessed: 07 September 2024
  13. Symptoms of Menopause. Last Updated: 19 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 07 September 2024
  14. Diagnosing Menopause: If It’s Not Menopause, What Is It? Content Created May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/gp-hp-resources/300-diagnosing-menopause Accessed: 07 September 2024
  15. Looking After Yourself. Last Updated: 19 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 07 September 2024
  16. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 07 September 2024
  17. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Lifestyle and Home Remedies. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 07 September 2024
  18. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 07 September 2024
  19. What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 19 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause#when-to-see-your-doctor Accessed: 07 September 2024
  20. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 07 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 07 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 07 September 2024

“Everyone experiences hot flushes differently. For example,
you might have mild, quick hot flushes every now
and then, or you might have more than 20 a day”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hot Flushes Pattern Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hot Flashes/Flushes Pattern

Hot Flushes

What are hot flushes?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) explain:

“About 80% of women experience hot flushes and night sweats during menopause. They generally start in your chest area and spread to your upper chest, neck and face. They can also spread over your whole body. The flushes may feel like a burning, overheating sensation. You may also have reddening of the skin and different degrees of sweating. When a flush happens at night, it’s called a night sweat”.2

Different Differences

Are hot flushes one-size-fits-all?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats the JH note:

Hot Flushes Pattern“Everyone experiences hot flushes differently. For example, you might have mild, quick hot flushes every now and then, or you might have more than 20 a day”.3

Look for A Pattern

Hot Flushes PatternHow can women Look for A Pattern with their hot flushes?

In Hot Flashes: What Can Trigger A Hot Flash the (United States) Cleveland Clinic elaborate on:

“A trigger is something that can set off a hot flash. There are actually a lot of things in your normal life that could trigger a hot flash. Triggers of hot flashes can include:

  • Hot weather
  • Heat
  • Smoking
  • Caffeine
  • Alcohol
  • Spicy foods
  • Tight clothing
  • Stress”.4

In Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Hot Flushes and Night Sweats – Avoid Your Triggers the JH explain:

“Try to avoid things that trigger your hot flushes or make them worse.

For example:

  • Spicy foods
  • Hot drinks
  • Alcohol
  • Caffeine
  • Smoking”.5

Alcohol

Hot Flushes PatternCan alcohol be a hot flush trigger?

In Mayo Clinic Minute: Why Alcohol and Menopause Can Be A Dangerous Mix a (United States) Mayo Clinic doctor explains:

“A lot of women have different triggers and for some alcohol may trigger their symptoms. They may naturally avoid alcohol, because they noticed that their hot flashes and night sweats get worse”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help to look for a pattern with my hot flushes?

If you would like help to look for a pattern with your hot flushes, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can identify any patterns, discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

In Hot Flashes: Symptoms and Causes – When To See A Doctor the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“If hot flashes affect your daily activities or nighttime sleep, consider seeing your doctor to discuss treatment options”.7

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hot Flushes Pattern?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hot Flushes Pattern?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#hot-flushes-and-night-sweats Accessed: 09 September 2024
  2. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#hot-flushes-and-night-sweats Accessed: 09 September 2024
  3. Symptoms of Menopause: Hot Flushes and Night Sweats. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#hot-flushes-and-night-sweats Accessed: 09 September 2024
  4. Hot Flashes: What Can Trigger A Hot Flash? Last Reviewed: 21 March 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15223-menopause-non-hormonal-treatment–relief-for-hot-flashes Accessed: 09 September 2024
  5. Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Hot Flushes and Night Sweats – Avoid Your Triggers. Last Updated: 19 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/managing-your-symptoms#managing-hot-flushes-and-night-sweats Assessed: 09 September 2024
  6. Mayo Clinic Minute: Why Alcohol and Menopause Can Be A Dangerous Mix. 05 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-minute-why-alcohol-and-menopause-can-be-a-dangerous-mix/ Assessed: 09 September 2024
  7. Hot Flashes: Symptoms and Causes – When To See A Doctor. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790 Assessed: 09 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 09 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 09 September 2024