Ovarian Cancer

“Currently, there is no routine, simple screening test to accurately detect ovarian cancer. Contrary to popular belief, cervical screening (i.e.: Pap smear) will not detect…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Ovarian Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Cancer of the Ovary
  • Ovarian Cancer

Cancer

What is cancer?

DotS the definition of cancer may vary. The (United States) National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) definition is:

“Cancer
A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems”.2

Ovarian Cancer

What is ovarian cancer?

DotS the definition of ovarian cancer may vary. The (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition is:

“Ovarian cancer is a group of diseases that originates in the ovaries, or in the related areas of the fallopian tubes and the peritoneum”.3

Types

What are the different types of ovarian cancer?

In Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Screening (PDQ®)–Patient Version the NCI elaborate the different types of ovarian cancer and include a diagram of the ovaries.

Symptoms

What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? the [United Kingdom] Target Ovarian Cancer elaborate on:

Ovarian Cancer

  • “Persistent bloating (not bloating that comes and goes)
  • Feeling full quickly and/or loss of appetite
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain (that’s from your tummy to the top of your thighs)
  • Urinary symptoms (needing to wee more urgently or more often than usual)”.4

Ovarian Cancer

 

Ovarian Cancer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other Symptoms

What can be other symptoms of ovarian cancer?

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Target Ovarian Cancer also explain:

“Occasionally there can be other symptoms:

  • Changes in bowel habit (e.g. diarrhoea or constipation)
  • Extreme fatigue (feeling very tired)
  • Unplanned weight loss
  • Any unusual bleeding from the vagina before or after the menopause should always be investigated by a GP”.5

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Target Ovarian Cancer note:

“Symptoms will be:

  • New – they’re not normal for you
  • Frequent – they usually happen more than 12 times a month
  • Persistent – they don’t go away”.6

Cause

What causes ovarian cancer?

In Ovarian Cancer: Main Causes of Ovarian Cancer the (United Kingdom) NHS explain:

“You may have a higher chance of getting ovarian cancer if you:

  • Inherited a faulty gene, such as the BRCA genes or those linked to Lynch syndrome
  • Had breast cancer or bowel cancer
  • Had radiotherapy treatment for a previous cancer
  • Have endometriosis or diabetes
  • Started your periods at a young age or went through the menopause late (over 55), or have not had a baby – because these things may mean you’ve released more eggs (ovulated more)
  • Have never used any hormonal contraception, such as the pill or an implant
  • Are taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
  • Are overweight
  • Smoke”.7

Age

Is there an association between the risk of developing ovarian cancer and getting older?

In Ovarian Cancer Symptoms & Risks: What Are the Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer? the World Ovarian Cancer Coalition explain:

“Age –
Your risk increase as you get older. Ovarian Cancer is more common in those aged 50-79. However, you can develop it when you are younger”.8

In Ovarian Cancer Risk: Age the Target Ovarian Cancer note:

“As with most cancers the risk of developing ovarian cancer increases as you get older. Those over the age of 50 have a higher risk. Most cases of ovarian cancer happen in those who have already gone through the menopause (when you stop having periods). More than 50 in 100 cases of ovarian cancer are in those over 65 years.

Although it’s not common, if you’re younger and haven’t been through the menopause you can get ovarian cancer. Over 1,000 women under the age of 50 develop ovarian cancer every year. That’s why it’s important that everyone is aware of the symptoms of ovarian cancer. This is especially important if you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer”.9

Common or Not

How common is ovarian cancer?

In the United States, the NCI in Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Screening (PDQ®)–Patient Version: General Information About Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer elaborate on:

“In the United States, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women.

While ovarian cancer is rare, it is the leading cause of death from cancer of the female reproductive system”.10

In the United Kingdom (UK) Cancer Research UK note:

“Around 7,500 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the UK each year. This makes ovarian cancer the 6th most common cancer in women”.11

Pap Test

Does the Pap test check for ovarian cancer?

No. In Ovarian Cancer Testing & Detection the World Ovarian Cancer Coalition note:

“Currently, there is no routine, simple screening test to accurately detect ovarian cancer. Contrary to popular belief, cervical screening (i.e.: Pap smear) will not detect ovarian cancer. While cervical screening is effective in early detection of cervical cancer, it is not a test for ovarian cancer”.12

Ovarian Cancer

Symptom Diary

Where may I find an ovarian cancer symptom diary?

Your Country may have Links similar to:


Ovarian Cancer Symptom Diary

Health Care Provider

What if I am worried about some symptoms I am experiencing?

In Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: Worried About Your Symptom? Target Ovarian Cancer elaborate on:

“If you regularly experience any one or more of these symptoms, which aren’t normal for you, it’s important that you contact your GP. It’s unlikely that your symptoms are caused by a serious problem but it’s important to get checked out, even if they’re mild. Your GP should order a CA125 blood test. They may also order ultrasound scans of your ovaries and tummy.

If two or more of your close relatives have had cancer you should tell your GP as ovarian cancer can run in families”.“If you experience some of the symptoms of ovarian cancer for more than two weeks, talk to your doctor”.13

Who is a GP?

DotS and DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Ovarian Cancer?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Ovarian Cancer?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 5 Warning Signs and Risk Factors of Ovarian Cancer
  2. About Ovarian Cancer
  3. About Ovarian Cancer
  4. BRCA & Lynch Syndrome FAQs
  5. BRCA Gene Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing
  6. BRCA Gene Test for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
  7. BRCA Genetic Test
  8. British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) Ovarian, Tubal and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Guidelines: Recommendations for Practice Update 2024
  9. British Gynaecological Cancer Society and British Menopause Society Guidelines Management of Menopausal Symptoms Following Treatment of Gynaecological Cancer [August 2024]
  10. CA125 Blood Test
  11. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Changes in Sexual Health After Cancer
  12. Does Hormone Replacement Therapy Increase the Risk of Cancer?
  13. E13: Ovarian Cancer: The Facts!
  14. Eve Appeal [United Kingdom]
  15. Experiencing Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
  16. Family Health History
  17. Five Facts of Ovarian Cancer
  18. Foundationforwomenscancer.org [Foundation for Women’s Cancer, United States]
  19. Genetics: What Does This Mean for Me and My Family?
  20. Gynecologic Cancers
  21. Gynecologic Cancers
  22. Heredity Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Family Health History and Breast and Ovarian Cancers
  23. Heredity Cancer and Risk
  24. How To Talk To Your GP About Your Concerns: Keep Track of Your Symptoms – Paper Symptoms Diary
  25. If You Have Ovarian Cancer
  26. I’m Experiencing Bloating – What Should I Do?
  27. Lynch Syndrome [+ Video: What Is Lynch Syndrome]
  28. Lynch Syndrome: Everything You Need To Know
  29. Mayo Clinic Minute: Tips From A Gynecological Surgeon on Recovery From Surgery [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  30. Mayo Clinic Q&A Podcast: Consider All Treatment Options for Ovarian Cancer, Including Clinical Trials [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  31. National Ovarian Cancer Coalition [United States]
  32. Ovacome.. Ovarian Cancer [United Kingdom]
  33. Ovarian Cancer
  34. Ovarian Cancer
  35. Ovarian Cancer
  36. Ovarian Cancer
  37. Ovarian Cancer
  38. Ovarian Cancer
  39. Ovarian Cancer
  40. Ovarian Cancer
  41. Ovarian Cancer
  42. Ovarian Cancer
  43. Ovarian Cancer
  44. Ovarian Cancer
  45. Ovarian Cancer
  46. Ovarian Cancer
  47. Ovarian Cancer
  48. Ovarian Cancer
  49. Ovarian Cancer
  50. Ovarian Cancer
  51. Ovarian Cancer Action [United Kingdom]
  52. Ovarian Cancer Australia
  53. Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month [March, United Kingdom]Ovarian CancerOvarian Cancer
     

     

     

     

  54. Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month [September, United States]
  55. Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance [United States]
  56. Ovarian Cancer Screening: More Than A Pelvic Exam
  57. Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
  58. Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
  59. Ovarian Cancer Symptoms & Risks – What Are the Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer?
  60. Ovarian Cancer Symptoms: Additional Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer – Symptom Diary
  61. Ovarian Cancer Testing & Detection
  62. Ovarian Cancer/Primary Peritoneal
  63. Ovarian Cancer: Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging – Tests for Ovarian Cancer
  64. Ovarian Cancer: Essential Facts You Need To Know – Mayo Clinic Health System [Video]
  65. Ovarian Cancer: New Treatments and Research
  66. Ovarian Cancer: Ovarian Cancer Basics
  67. Ovarian Cancer: Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors
  68. Ovarian Cancer: Reducing Risk for Ovarian Cancer
  69. Ovarian Cancer: Screening for Ovarian Cancer
  70. Ovarian Cancer: Still Possible After Hysterectomy?
  71. Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
  72. Ovarian Cancer: What Is Ovarian Cancer? The Ovaries and Reproductive System: Cancers of the Female Reproductive System [+ Video]
  73. Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer–Patient Version
  74. Pap Test: Can It Detect Ovarian Cancer?
  75. Persistent Bloating
  76. Risks and Causes
  77. Stages and Grades
  78. Symptom Diary
  79. Symptom Diary [+ Video: Recognise the Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer]
  80. Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
  81. Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: More Support – Symptom Diary
  82. Talcum Powder and Ovarian Cancer
  83. Talk With A Doctor If Breast or Ovarian Cancer Runs In Your Family
  84. Targetovariancancer.org.uk [Target Ovarian Cancer, United Kingdom]
  85. Tips for Tracking Your Bleeding
    Tips for Tracking Your Bleeding
  86. Understanding Gyn Cancers
  87. Understanding Ovarian Cancer
  88. Value of Diagnostics Within Women’s Health: Ovarian Cancer
  89. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: How Do I Deal With the Menopause After A Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancer
  90. Webinars: Previous – Sexual Dysfunctions, Update on Gynae Cancers and Management
  91. What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer? Ovarian Cancer Symptom Diary
  92. What Are the Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer?
  93. What Is Ovarian Cancer?
  94. What Is Ovarian Cancer?
  95. What Is Ovarian Cancer?
  96. What Is Ovarian Cancer? [Video]
  97. World GO Day [World Gynecologic Oncology Day, 20 September 2024]
    Ovarian Cancer
  98. World Ovarian Cancer Day May 8, 2024
  99. Worldovariancancercoalition.org [World Ovarian Cancer Coalition]
  100. You and Ovarian Cancer: An Animated Patient’s Guide To Ovarian Cancer

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Ovarian Cancer Testing & Detection. World Cancer Coalition https://worldovariancancercoalition.org/about-ovarian-cancer/detection-testing/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  2. Cancer. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cancer Accessed: 01 September 2024
  3. Ovarian Cancer: Ovarian Cancer Basics – What It Is. 12 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/about/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  4. Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Last Reviewed: November 2022. Target Ovarian Cancer https://targetovariancancer.org.uk/about-ovarian-cancer/symptoms Accessed: 01 September 2024
  5. Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Last Reviewed: November 2022. Target Ovarian Cancer https://targetovariancancer.org.uk/about-ovarian-cancer/symptoms Accessed: 01 September 2024
  6. Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer: What Are the Symptoms? Last Reviewed: November 2022. Target Ovarian Cancer https://targetovariancancer.org.uk/about-ovarian-cancer/symptoms Accessed: 01 September 2024
  7. Ovarian Cancer: Main Causes of Ovarian Cancer. Page Last Reviewed: 24 January 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cancer/causes/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  8. Ovarian Cancer Symptoms & Risks: What Are the Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer? World Ovarian Cancer Coalition https://worldovariancancercoalition.org/about-ovarian-cancer/symptoms-risk-factors/ovarian-cancer-symptoms/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  9. Ovarian Cancer Risk: Age. Last Reviewed: April 2023. Target Ovarian Cancer https://targetovariancancer.org.uk/about-ovarian-cancer/risk Accessed: 01 September 2024
  10. Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Screening (PDQ®)–Patient Version: General Information About Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer. Updated: 31 March 2023. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-screening-pdq#section/_5 Accessed: 01 September 2024
  11. Ovarian Cancer: How Common It Is. Last Reviewed: 30 November 2021. Cancer Research UK https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/ovarian-cancer/what-is-ovarian-cancer Accessed: 01 September 2024
  12. Ovarian Cancer Testing & Detection. World Cancer Coalition https://worldovariancancercoalition.org/about-ovarian-cancer/detection-testing/ Accessed: 01 September 2024
  13. Ovarian Cancer: Diagnosis. Last Updated: 07 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 14 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina-ovaries-uterus/ovarian-cancer#diagnosis Accessed: 01 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 20 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 September 2024

/by

Uterine Cancer

“Most uterine cancers are found in women who are going through or who have gone through menopause—the time of life when your menstrual periods stop”.1

Umbrella

What may the Uterine Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Cancer of the Uterus
  • Endometrial Cancer
  • Sarcoma of the Uterus
  • Uterine Cancer
  • Uterus Cancer
  • Womb Cancer

Uterus

What is the uterus?

DotS the definition of uterus may vary. The (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) definition is:

“The uterus is the pear-shaped organ in a woman’s pelvis (between the hip bones). The uterus, also called the womb, is where the baby grows when a woman is pregnant”.2

Uterine Cancer

What is uterine cancer?

DotS the definition of uterine cancer may vary. In Uterine Cancer: Types of Uterine Cancer the International Gynecologic Cancer Society’s (IGCS) definition is:

“Uterine cancer is a disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the uterus, also known as the womb.

There are two primary types of uterine cancer:

  • Endometrial cancer, which is the most common form of uterine cancer. Endometrial cancer begins in the inner lining of the womb, known as the endometrium
  • Uterine sarcoma forms in the muscles and supporting tissues of the uterus. It is rare in comparison to other uterine cancers”.3

Uterine Cancer

Signs and Symptoms

What may be signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer?

In Uterine Cancer: Signs and Symptoms the IGCS explain:

“These are the most common signs and symptoms of uterine/endometrial cancer. If you experience any of these signs, always talk to your doctor, especially if you have the risk factors.

  • Vaginal bleeding after menopause
  • Bleeding between periods
  • An abnormal watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge
  • Pelvic pain or pressure”.4

Uterine Cancer

Cause

What causes the most common type of uterine cancer, endometrial cancer?

In Womb Cancer: Risks and Cause of Womb Cancer the (United Kingdom) Cancer Research UK elaborate on:

“Being overweight or obese is one of the biggest risks of womb cancer in the UK. There are some other risk factors that can increase your risk of developing womb cancer”.5

Risk Factors

What are risk factors for uterine cancer?

In Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Risk Factors – Conditions That Can Increase Risk Factors the CDC explain:

“There is no way to know for sure if you will get uterine cancer. Some women get it without being at high risk. However, several factors may increase the chance that you will get uterine cancer, including if you:

  • Are older than 50
  • Have obesity
  • Take estrogen by itself (without progesterone) for hormone replacement during menopause
  • Have had trouble getting pregnant, or have had fewer than five periods in a year before starting menopause
  • Take tamoxifen, a drug used to prevent and treat certain types of breast cancer
  • Have close family members who have had uterine, colon, or ovarian cancer.

If one or more of these things is true for you, it does not mean you will get uterine cancer. But you should speak with your doctor to see if he or she recommends more frequent exams”.6

Age

Is there an association between age and uterine cancer?

In Uterine Cancer: Fast Facts the IGCS note:

  • “Uterine cancer most frequently occurs in women over the age of 45, though it can affect younger women”.7

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and uterine cancer?

In Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Basics – Types the CDC note:

Menopause“All women are at risk for uterine cancer as long as they have a uterus, and the risk increases with age. Most uterine cancers are found in women who are going through or who have gone through menopause—the time of life when your menstrual periods stop”.8

In Womb (Uterus) Cancer: Causes – Who Is More Likely To Get Womb Cancer the (United Kingdom) NHS elaborate on:

“Womb cancer is most common in women who’ve been through menopause. It can affect anyone with a womb.

You cannot get womb cancer if you’ve had surgery to remove your womb (hysterectomy)”.9

The American Cancer Society (ACS) note:

“The American Cancer Society recommends that at the time of menopause, all women should be told about the risks and symptoms of endometrial cancer. They should report any unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting to a health care provider”.10

High-Income Countries

Is there an association between high-income countries and uterine cancer?

In Uterine Cancer Awareness: June Is Uterine Cancer Awareness Month the IGCS elaborate on:

“Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer among women residing in high-income countries.

And unlike many other cancers, the incidence and death rates are rising.

The number of deaths from this disease has been increasing by almost 2 percent each year, with even sharper spikes among Asian, Hispanic, and Black women in the United States”.11
Uterine Cancer

Pap Test

Does the Pap test screen for uterine cancer?

No. According to the CDC:

“There are no screening tests for uterine cancer in women who do not have any signs or symptoms. The Pap test does not screen for uterine cancer”.12

Does the Pap test screen for endometrial cancer?

No. The ACS note:

“There are no screening tests for uterine cancer in women who do not have any signs or symptoms. The Pap test does not screen for uterine cancer”.13

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have uterine cancer?

If you think you have uterine cancer, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“See your healthcare professional as soon as you can if you bleed from your vagina after menopause”.14

In Womb (Uterus) Cancer: Overview – Get Your Symptoms Checked the NHS note:

“It’s important to get any symptoms of womb cancer checked as soon as possible. Finding it earlier makes it easier to treat”.15

Cancer Australia explain:

“If you have been told you have ‘cancer of the uterus’, ‘cancer of the womb’ or ‘uterine cancer’, and you are not sure if it is endometrial cancer or uterine sarcoma, check with your doctor”.16

The CDC also note:

“If your doctor says that you have uterine cancer, ask to be referred to a gynecologic oncologist—a doctor who has been trained to treat gynecologic cancers, including uterine cancer. This doctor will work with you to create a treatment plan”.17

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Uterine Cancer?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Uterine Cancer?

Your country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 2024 UCAM [30 June 2024]
  2. Abnormal Bleeding
  3. About Endometrial Cancer: What Is Endometrial Cancer?
  4. Adenomyosis
  5. Alcohol Use and Cancer
  6. Bleeding Between Periods? How To Tell If It’s A Problem
  7. Bleeding During Menopause | Dr Louise Newson
  8. British Gynaecological Cancer Society and British Menopause Society Guidelines Management of Menopausal Symptoms Following Treatment of Gynaecological Cancer [August 2024]
  9. Cancer Facts for Women: Endometrial Cancer
  10. Cancer Prevention Recommendations
  11. Does Hormone Replacement Therapy Increase Cancer Risk? Does HRT Increase the Risk of Endometrial (Womb) Cancer?
  12. ECANA [Endometrial Cancer Action Network for African-Americans]
  13. Endometrial Cancer
  14. Endometrial Cancer
  15. Endometrial Cancer
  16. Endometrial Cancer
  17. Endometrial Cancer
  18. Endometrial Cancer Prevention (PDQ)–Patient Version
  19. Endometrial Cancer Screening (PDQ)–Patient Version
  20. Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version [+ Images]
  21. Endometrial Cancer: About Endometrial Cancer
  22. Endometrial Cancer: Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging – What Should You Ask Your Health Care Team About Endometrial Cancer?
  23. Endometrial Cancer: Risk Factors
  24. Endometrial Cancer: Symptoms
  25. Everything You Should Know About Menometrorrhagia
  26. Fibroids
  27. Foundationforwomenscancer.org [Foundation for Women’s Cancer, United States]
  28. Gynaecological Cancers
  29. Gynecologic Cancers
  30. Gynecologic Cancers
  31. Gynecological Cancer At the Menopause
  32. Hormone Replacement Therapy In Endometrial Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis
  33. How Cancer and Cancer Treatment Can Affect Sexuality
  34. Hysterectomy
  35. Hysterectomy
  36. Hysterectomy.org
  37. International Gynecologic Cancer Advocacy Network (IGCAN)
  38. International Gynecologic Cancer Society
  39. Lynch Syndrome
  40. Lynch Syndrome [+ Video: What Is Lynch Syndrome?]
  41. Lynchsyndrome.com.au [Lynch Syndrome Australia]
  42. Mayo Clinic Minute: Endometrial Cancer Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  43. Mayo Clinic Minute: Tips From A Gynecological Surgeon on Recovery From Surgery [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  44. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Spotting, Perimenopause and Menopause
  45. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Understanding Endometrial Cancer
  46. Mayo Clinic Q&A Podcast: Why Are More People Dying of Uterine Cancer? [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  47. Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – When To See A Doctor
  48. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  49. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  50. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact
  51. New Treatment Options for Uterine Cancer
  52. Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
  53. Pap Smear: Still Needed After Hysterectomy?
  54. Periods Information Hub
  55. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  56. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  57. Postmenopausal Bleeding
  58. Premature and Early Menopause
  59. Sex and the Adult Female With Cancer
  60. Sharecancersupport.org [Share Cancer Support, United States]
  61. Sharecancersupport.org [Share Cancer Support, United States]: Videos & Past Webinars
  62. Tips for Tracking Your Bleeding
    Tips for Tracking Your Bleeding
  63. Understanding Gyn Cancers
  64. Uterine Cancer
  65. Uterine Cancer
  66. Uterine Cancer
  67. Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer)
  68. Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer)
  69. Uterine Cancer Awareness
  70. Uterine Cancer Awareness: June Is Uterine Cancer Awareness Month
  71. Uterine Cancer Rates Are Increasing: What Can You Do To Protect Yourself?
  72. Uterine Cancer [+ Video: 4 Risk Factors of Uterine Cancer]
  73. Uterine Cancer: Reducing Risk for Uterine Cancer
  74. Uterine Cancer: Symptoms of Uterine Cancer
  75. Uterine Cancer: Treatment of Uterine Cancer
  76. Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Basics
  77. Uterine Cancer–Patient Version
  78. Uterine Sarcoma
  79. Uterine Sarcoma
  80. Uterine Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version [+ Image]
  81. Uterine Sarcoma: Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging – What Should You Ask Your Doctor About Uterine Sarcoma?
  82. Uterine Sarcoma: What Is Uterine Sarcoma?
  83. Uterine/Endometrial Cancer/GTD
  84. Uterine/Endometrial Cancer/GTD: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
  85. Vaginal Dryness
  86. Vaginal Dryness
  87. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: How Do I Deal With the Menopause After A Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancer
  88. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Menopause and Abnormal Bleeding
  89. Webinars: Previous – Abnormal Uterine Bleeding In Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
  90. Webinars: Previous – Sexual Dysfunctions, Update on Gynae Cancers and Management
  91. What You Don’t Know About Endometrial Cancer Could Kill You
  92. What Is A Hysterectomy?
  93. What Is An Endometrial Biopsy?
  94. Womb (Uterus) Cancer
  95. Womb Cancer
  96. Womb Cancer
  97. Womb Cancer
  98. Womb Cancer: Symptoms
  99. World GO Day [World Gynecologic Oncology Day, 20 September 2024]
    Ovarian Cancer
  100. You Need To Know [+ Video: Bleeding After the Menopause – An Important Message You Need To Know]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Basics – Types. 09 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/about/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  2. Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Basics – What It Is. 09 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/about/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  3. Uterine Cancer: Types of Uterine Cancer. International Gynecologic Cancer Society https://igcs.org/uterine/#el-e695d19b Accessed: 18 September 2024
  4. Uterine Cancer: Signs and Symptoms. International Gynecologic Cancer Society https://igcs.org/uterine/#el-fe32cc10 Accessed: 18 September 2024
  5. Womb Cancer: Risks and Cause of Womb Cancer. Last Reviewed: 22 February 2024. Cancer Research UK https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/womb-cancer/risks-causes Accessed: 18 September 2024
  6. Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Risk Factors – Conditions That Can Increase Risk. 09 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/risk-factors/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  7. Uterine Cancer: Fast Facts. International Gynecologic Cancer Society https://igcs.org/uterine/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  8. Uterine Cancer: Uterine Cancer Basics – Types. 09 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/about/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  9. Womb (Uterus) Cancer: Causes – Who Is More Likely To Get Womb Cancer. Page Last Reviewed: 21 October 2021. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/causes/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  10. Cancer Facts for Women: Endometrial Cancer. Last Revised: 31 October 2023. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/womenshealth/cancer-facts-for-women Accessed: 18 September 2024
  11. Uterine Cancer Awareness: June Is Uterine Cancer Awareness Month. International Gynecologic Cancer Society https://igcs.org/uterine-cancer-awareness/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  12. Uterine Cancer: Screening for Uterine Cancer – What To Know. 09 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/screening/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
  13. Cancer Facts for Women: Endometrial Cancer – What You Can Do: Know Your Risk and the Signs. Last Revised: 31 October 2023. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/womenshealth/cancer-facts-for-women Accessed: 18 September 2024
  14. Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20353397 Accessed: 18 September 2024
  15. Womb (Uterus) Cancer: Overview – Get Your Symptoms Checked. Page Last Reviewed: 21 October 2021. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/#when-to-see-a-gp Accessed: 18 September 2024
  16. Endometrial Cancer: What Is Endometrial Cancer? Cancer Australia https://canceraustralia.gov.au/affected-cancer/cancer-types/gynaecological-cancers/endometrial-cancer Accessed: 18 September 2024
  17. Uterine Cancer: Treatment of Uterine Cancer – How Is Uterine Cancer Treated? 09 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/treatment/ Accessed: 18 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 18 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 18 September 2024

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Menopause Evidence-Based Information

“Most women become menopausal naturally
between the ages of 45 and 55 years,
with the average age of onset at around 51 years”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Evidence-Based Information Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Early Menopause
  • Induced Menopause
  • Menopause
  • Perimenopause
  • Premature Menopause
  • Surgical Menopause

Menopause

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause: How Menopause Occurs, dated 17 October 2022, the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Natural menopause is deemed to have occurred after 12 consecutive months without menstruation for which there is no other obvious physiological or pathological cause and in the absence of clinical intervention”.2

Menopause Age

What is the average age of menopause?

In What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause the Australasian Menopause Society explain:

“Most women become menopausal naturally between the ages of 45 and 55 years, with the average age of onset at around 51 years. Surgical menopause refers to menopause as a result of bilateral oophorectomy. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency may occur before the age of 40 due to natural ovarian function ceasing, following surgery to remove the ovaries, or as a result of chemo/ radiotherapy. Menopause is considered “early” when it occurs between 40 and 45 years”.3

Menopause Symptoms

What are some menopause symptoms?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

“Physical Symptoms

Physical symptoms may include:

  • Irregular periods
  • Hot Flushes
  • Night sweats
  • Sleep problems
  • Sore breasts
  • Itchy, crawly or dry skin
  • Menopause Evidence-Based InformationExhaustion and fatigue
  • Dry vagina
  • Loss of sex drive (libido)
  • Headaches or migraines
  • More pronounced premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
  • Aches and pains
  • Bloating
  • Urinary problems
  • Weight gain due to a slower metabolism


Psychological and Emotional Symptoms

Psychological and emotional symptoms may include:

  • Feeling irritable or frustrated
  • Feeling anxious
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Brain fog
  • Forgetfulness
  • Lowered mood
  • Mood swings
  • Feeling you can’t cope as well as you used to”.4

Menopause Symptoms Duration

What is the average duration of menopause symptoms?

On page one and two in Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, the authors note:

“It is estimated that menopausal symptoms affect more than 75% of women, with over 25% of women describing severe symptoms. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms may last for a long time with an average duration of 7 years, with a third of women experiencing symptoms beyond 7 years”.5

Healthy Lifestyle

Can a healthy lifestyle improve menopause symptoms?

In the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Women should be advised that implementing or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve menopause symptoms. A healthy diet (one low in saturated fat and salt and rich in calcium and vitamin D), stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and including regular exercise can be beneficial. Reducing caffeine intake may also improve symptoms”.6

Treatments

What treatments are available?

On page one in Emotional Wellness In Menopause: What Treatments Are Available? the (British) Women’s Health Concern elaborate on:

“There is no one size fits all for women when it comes to managing physical or psychological symptoms of menopause, but a variety of treatments are available.

  • Anti-depressants can help with emotional and cognitive symptoms of the menopause. However, unless you have been diagnosed with depression, there are other treatments which may be more helpful and appropriate
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can help with many cognitive and emotional symptoms of menopause. HRT can also help improve quality of sleep. It’s useful to keep a record of symptoms to discuss with your HRT prescriber as this will help identify the best HRT regime for you
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and other talking therapies can be hugely beneficial in dealing with some of the emotional symptoms of menopause. Even women who have never used therapies before and them helpful to navigate their menopause journey
  • Mindfulness and meditation are popular techniques to help relax and clear the mind – a very useful addition to managing some of the emotional and cognitive symptoms of menopause. Alongside restorative exercise such as yoga and Pilates, both body and mind can recover and heal”.7

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my menopause?

If you would like help with your menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor the JH explain:

“Talk to your doctor if you are worried about:

  • Irregular periods
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
  • Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, that interfere with your daily life”.8

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic encourage us to seek help:

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your healthcare professional about your choices and the risks and benefits of each. Review your choices yearly. Your needs and the treatment choices may change”.9

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Evidence-Based Information?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Evidence-Based Information?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

Bioidentical Hormones

Complementary and Integrative Health and Menopause
  1. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – NAMS 2023 Nonhormone Therapies Position Statement for Bothersome Menopause Symptoms
  2. Menopause and Natural Therapies
  3. Non-Estrogen Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms
  4. Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
  5. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  6. Using Natural Therapies In the Menopause Transition – Webinar
Hormone Therapy
  1. BMS TV: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  2. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  3. Dr Louise Newson: The Truth About the Menopause & HRT
  4. Hormone Therapy: Four Things A Mayo Clinic Women’s Health Specialist Wants You To Know [02 May 2024] [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network. Name Super/CG: Taryn Smith, M.D./Internal Medicine/Mayo Clinic]
  5. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
  6. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause. Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
  7. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [+ Video: Is HRT Bad for You?] [Other Languages and Formats]
  8. Menopause and HRT
  9. Menopause and HRT: Fact and Fiction [31 May 2024]
  10. World Menopause Day [18 October 2024]
    Menopause Evidence-Based Information
Hot Flushes
  1. 8 Myths and Truths About Menopausal Hot Flashes
  2. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – New FDA-Approved Nonhormone Option for the Treatment of Hot Flashes
  3. Hot Flashes
  4. Hot Flashes
  5. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? [+ Video: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?]
  6. Mayo Clinic Minute: Help With Hot Flashes Due To Menopause [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  7. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
  8. Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
Menopause
  1. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  2. BMS TV: Menopause Explained
  3. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Premature and Early Menopause
  4. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause [+ Video: Menopause Myths] [Other Languages and Formats]
  5. Menopause
  6. Menopause
  7. Menopause
  8. Menopause
  9. Menopause
  10. Menopause Education for Patients
  11. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
    Menopause Evidence-Based Information
  12. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 1. What Is Menopause?
  13. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  14. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: What Is Menopause?
  15. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  16. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
  17. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  18. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  19. Premature and Early Menopause
  20. What Is Menopause? [+ Video]
Menopause Diagnosis

Menopause Glossary

Menopause Health Care Providers

Menopause In Multiply Languages

Menopause Memory

Menopause Mood Changes
  1. 5 Ways To Cope With Menopausal Mood Swings
  2. Dr. Louise Newson Breaks Down The Menopause & Lisa Snowdon Shares Her Experience | This Morning
  3. Emotional Wellness In Menopause
  4. Mastering Midlife Mood Changes With Marlene Freeman, MD
  5. Menopause Mindfulness: A Personal Toolkit for Menopause Preparedness
  6. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Mindfulness & Wellbeing During the Menopause Transition
  7. Menopause and Depression: Is There A Link?
  8. Menopause and Mental Health
  9. Menopause and Mental Health
  10. Mood and the Menopause
  11. Self-Help Tool: Menopause and Mental Wellbeing
  12. What’s the Link Between the Menopause and Anxiety?
Menopause Symptoms
  1. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for Menopausal Symptoms
  2. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Signs and Symptoms of Menopause [+ Video: Talking Menopause With Your GP] [Other Languages and Formats]
  3. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Symptom Tracker
  4. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
  5. Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
  6. Menopause: Symptoms & Causes
  7. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  8. Symptoms of Menopause
  9. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  10. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
Menopause Videos
  1. BMS TV
  2. Consumer Video and Podcast Series
  3. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause and the Workplace
  4. Menopause Mindfulness: Living Your Best Work-Life Through the Menopause Transition
  5. Menopause Patient Information [Videos]
  6. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series
  7. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Tips for Menopause In the Workplace
  8. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Vulvar Diseases, Overview for Aging Women
  9. Webinars: Previous – Perimenopausal Contraception
  10. Why Is FSH Not Needed for Diagnosis of Menopause
Perimenopause
  1. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2022 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Perimenopause: Signs, Symptoms, and Solutions
  2. Let’s Talk About Perimenopause
  3. Mayo Clinic Minute: Perimenopause and Menopause [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  4. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  5. Menopause Evidence-Based InformationMy Periods Have Changed. Is Menopause Around the Corner?
  6. Natural Remedies To Help Manage Perimenopause Symptoms
  7. Perimenopause
  8. Perimenopause
  9. Perimenopause and Menopause Checklist: Translated Checklists
  10. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  11. Perimenopause: Rocky Road To Menopause
  12. Stages of Menopause: Downloadable Resources – Stages of Menopause: Perimenopause
Postmenopause
  1. BMS TV: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
  2. BMS TV: Osteoporosis
  3. Postmenopause
  4. Menopause Evidence-Based InformationStages of Menopause: Downloadable Resources – Stages of Menopause: Postmenopause

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause. Content Created  May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 16 September 2024
  2. Menopause: How Menopause Occurs. 17 October 2022. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause Accessed: 16 September 2024
  3. What Is Menopause? Definition of Menopause. Content Created  May 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/185-what-is-menopause Accessed: 16 September 2024
  4. Symptoms of Menopause: Physical and Emotional Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024. Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms#physical-and-emotional-symptoms Accessed: 16 September 2024
  5. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1-2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 16 September 2024
  6. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 16 September 2024
  7. Emotional Wellness In Menopause: What Treatments Are Available? Published Date: June 2023:1. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/menopause-wellness-hub/ Accessed: 16 September 2024
  8. What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 16 September 2024
  9. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 25 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 16 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 16 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 16 September 2024

/by

Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks

“If you decide to use hormone therapy, use it at the lowest
dose that helps. Also use hormones
for the shortest time that you need them”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • HRT/HT/MHT Benefits and Risks
  • HRT/HT/MHT Health Benefits and Risks
  • HRT/HT/MHT Pros and Cons
  • HRT/HT/MHT Risks and Benefits
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with hormone therapy (HT) benefits and risks information?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of HT benefits and risks information, because this information may have been updated.

Symptoms or Chronic Conditions

What can it also be important to be clear about with HT benefits and risks information?

It can also be important to be clear about whether HT benefits and risks information is about the use of HT for the management of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness or for the prevention of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis.

Hormone Therapy

What is hormone therapy (HT) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)?

Depending on the Source the definition of HT may vary. In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Is MHT? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) definition is:

“Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), formerly known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), helps manage menopausal symptoms when they interfere with your life. Menopausal symptoms are caused by lowering levels of oestrogen hormones. MHT is the medical replacement of female hormones oestrogen and progesterone, and sometimes testosterone”.2

Benefits and Risks Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ?

Yes. HT benefits and risks can differ. These differences may include:

Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks Differences

  1. Benefit Differences
  2. Risk Differences
  3. Individual Differences
  4. Symptom Differences
  5. Age Differences
  6. Postmenopause Differences
  7. Health Conditions Differences
  8. Uterus Differences
  9. EPT and ET Differences
  10. Product Differences
  11. Option Differences
  12. Duration Differences
  13. Breast Cancer Risk
  14. Bone Loss and Fracture Benefits

1. Benefit Differences

Can HT benefits differ?

In Risks and Benefits of MHT: Key Points the Australasian Menopause Society note:

“For the majority of symptomatic women, the benefits of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) outweigh the risks”.3

On page three in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

“For most women, initiating HRT has a favourable benefit/risk profile. However, HRT should not be used without a clear indication and should not be used for the sole purpose of disease prevention”.4

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) the (United Kingdom) NHS elaborate on:

“The benefits and risks of taking HRT depend on your age, your menopause symptoms and any risk factors you have.

If you’re under 60 years old, have menopause symptoms, and are not at high risk of breast cancer or blood clots, the benefits of HRT are likely to outweigh the risks.

Talk to a GP, who will help you decide”.5

2. Risk Differences

Can HT risks differ?

In Menopause: Menopause – Hormone Therapy: What Are the Risks of Using Hormone Therapy? the (United States) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) note:

“For some women, hormone therapy may increase their chances of getting blood clots, heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer, and gall bladder disease. For a woman with a uterus, estrogen increases the chance of getting endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterine lining). Adding progestin lowers this risk”.6

3. Individual Differences

Can HT individual benefits and risks differ?

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, one of the recommendations is:

  • “The decision whether to take HRT, the dose and duration of its use should be made on an individualised basis after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. This should be considered in the context of the overall benefits obtained from using HRT including symptom control and improving quality of life as well as considering the bone and cardiovascular benefits associated with HRT use”.7

4. Symptom Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for different menopause symptoms?

On page 767 in The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society: Abstract  “endorsed by more than 20 well-respected international organizations”, published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) note:

“For bothersome genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms not relieved with over-the-counter therapies in women without indications for use of systemic hormone therapy, low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy or other therapies (eg, vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone or oral ospemifene) are recommended”.8

5. Age Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for different ages?

In Hormone Therapy: Is Hormone Therapy Safe? the Menopause Society (formerly the North American Menopause Society) explain:

“For most women, experts agree that HT helps to control moderate to severe menopause symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness within 10 years of menopause and up to age 59 years. Also, women should use the lowest dose for the shortest amount of time needed to keep the symptoms under control”.9

6. Postmenopause Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ according to if you’ve been postmenopausal for 10 years or more?

In Ongoing Individualized Hormone Therapy Appears to Have No Age Limit, published 04 September 2024, the Menopause Society note:


Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks“The Menopause Society’s 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement advises that women aged older than 65 years can continue using hormone therapy (HT) with appropriate counseling and risk assessment. A new retrospective analysis demonstrates that it’s not unusual for women aged as old as 80 years to still benefit from HT. Results of the analysis will be presented at the 2024 Annual Meeting of The Menopause Society in Chicago September 10-14”.10

7. Health Conditions Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for different health conditions?

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): When HRT Is Not Suitable, last updated 03 November 2022, the (Scottish) NHS Inform explain:

“HRT may not be suitable, or a specialist opinion may be needed, if you:

  • Have a history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer or womb (uterus) cancer
  • Have a history of blood clots, tablet HRT is not recommended but taking HRT through the skin can be considered
  • Have a history of heart disease or stroke
  • Have untreated high blood pressure – your blood pressure will need to be controlled before you can start HRT
  • Have liver disease
  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding”.11

In Menopause: Hormone Therapy – Who Should Not Take Hormone Therapy for Menopause?, published 14 December 2023, the FDA note:

“Women who:

  • Think they are pregnant
  • Have problems with vaginal bleeding
  • Have certain kinds of cancers
  • Have had a stroke or heart attack
  • Have had blood clots
  • Have liver disease”.12

8. Uterus Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for those who have a uterus?

Hormone Therapy Benefits and RisksOn page one in Deciding About Hormone Use, published July 2022, the NAMS note:

“Because estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus, women with a uterus need to take an additional hormone, progestogen, to protect the uterus”.13

Hormone Therapy Benefits and RisksIf you do not have a uterus, on page one in Deciding About Hormone Use, the NAMS also note:

“Women without a uterus just take estrogen”.14

9. ET and EPT Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for those who use ET and those who use EPT?

In Hormone Therapy: Is Hormone Therapy Safe? the Menopause Society explain:

“You and your healthcare professional need to balance your individual benefits and risks based on your medical history. For example, if you don’t have a uterus and can take ET alone, your risks are different from those women who still have a uterus and must use EPT to protect against uterine cancer”.15

10. Product Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for different HT products?

On page two in Deciding About Hormone Use: Pill or Non-Pill the NAMS explain:

“Hormone therapy is available as a daily pill, but it also may be taken as a skin patch, gel, cream, spray, or vaginal ring. Non-pill forms may be more convenient. Hormone therapy pills need to be taken every day, but skin patches are changed only once or twice weekly, and the HT vaginal ring is changed only every 3 months. Hormone therapy taken in non-pill form enters your blood stream more directly, with less effect on the liver. Studies suggest that this may lower the risk of blood clots in the legs and lungs compared with HT taken as a pill”.16

11. Option Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for different HT options?

On page 767 in The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement: Abstract the NAMS note:

“The risks of hormone therapy differ depending on type, dose, duration of use, route of administration, timing of initiation, and whether a progestogen is used”.17

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT?, last updated 03 September 2024, the JH note:

“Research shows there are some risks associated with MHT. The risks of hormone therapy differ depending on:

  • The type of medication
  • The dose given
  • How long the medication is used for
  • How the medication is given (e.g. patch or tablet)
  • When medication is started
  • Whether a progestogen is used
  • The type of progestogen used”.18

12. Duration Differences

Can HT benefits and risks differ for those who choose to use HT for different duration or lengths of time?

In Menopause: Menopause – Hormone Therapy: How Long Should I Use Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms? the FDA note:

“Treatment of menopausal symptoms should be decided with your health care provider, as there are many different FDA-approved hormones for treatment of the symptoms of menopause”.19

13. Breast Cancer Risk

Can HT increase breast cancer risk?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Use: Potential Risks the NAMS explain:

“Hormone therapy (combined estrogen and progestogen) might slightly increase your risk of breast cancer if used for more than 4 to 5 years. Using estrogen alone (for women without a uterus) does not increase breast cancer risk at 7 years but may increase risk if used for a longer time”.20

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause one of the recommendations is:

  • “Current evidence suggests that oestrogen alone HRT is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer than combined HRT. Breast cancer risk is duration dependent and may vary with the type of progestogen used. The risk of breast cancer should be considered in the context of the overall benefits and risks associated with HRT intake”.21

14. Bone Loss Benefit

Can HT prevent bone loss and fractures?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy, published online 30 October 2023, the authors explain:

  • “MHT prevents bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women”.22

Health Care Provider

What if I choose to use HT, how can I find out what my benefits and risks are?

If you choose to use HT, it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Use the NAMS explain:


Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks“Every woman is different, and you will decide about whether to use HT based on the severity of your symptoms, your personal and family health history, and your own beliefs about menopause treatments. Your healthcare professional will be able to help you with your decision”.23

In Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Is Hormone Therapy for Menopause?, published 14 December 2023, the FDA note:

“Menopause hormone therapy is not for everyone. Like all medicines, hormone therapy has benefits and risks. Talk with your health care provider about hormone therapy. If you decide to use hormone therapy, use it at the lowest dose that helps. Also use hormones for the shortest time that you need them”.24

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  2. BMS & WHC’s 2020 Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy In Menopausal Women
  3. BMS Statement on Testosterone [26 July 2024]
  4. BMS TV: Bioidentical Hormones
  5. BMS TV: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  6. BMS TV: HRT and Breast Cancer: Overall Risks and Benefits
  7. BMS TV: HRT and the Risk of Breast Cancer
  8. BMS TV: Testosterone Explained
  9. Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
  10. Can You Have HRT If You Are Overweight?
  11. Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy [Video]
  12. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2022 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Hormone Therapy: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
  13. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Lifestyle Modification and Prevention of Breast Cancer
  14. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – NAMS 2023 Nonhormone Therapies Position Statement for Bothersome Menopause Symptoms
  15. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – New FDA-Approved Nonhormone Option for the Treatment of Hot Flashes
  16. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  17. Deciding About Hormone Therapy
  18. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  19. Dr Louise Newson: The Truth About the Menopause & HRT
  20. EMAS On-Demand Webinars [European Menopause and Andropause Society] [Multiply Languages]: Personalized Oral Combined MHT and Long-Term Effects: How To Choose According To the Patient’s Needs [Multiply Languages]
  21. Endometrial Cancer, the Menopause and HRT
  22. FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause
  23. Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
  24. Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
  25. Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
  26. Guidance on Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  27. HRT
  28. HRT & Menopause Extra
  29. HRT Dosing and Individualisation | Dr Louise Newson
  30. HRT – Types, Doses and Regimens
  31. HRT: Benefits and Risks
  32. HRT: Fact-Checking Risks and Benefits
  33. HRT: The History
  34. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  35. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) With Dr Nicky Peel & Prof. David Armstrong
  36. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  37. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Tablets, Capsules and Patches
  38. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Oestrogen Tablets, Patches, Gel and Spray
  39. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Sequential Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Tablets and Patches
  40. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Side Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  41. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone
  42. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Utrogestan (Micronised Progesterone)
  43. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen
  44. Hormone Therapy
  45. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions
  46. Hormone Therapy: Four Things A Mayo Clinic Women’s Health Specialist Wants You To Know [02 May 2024] [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network. Name Super/CG: Taryn Smith, M.D./Internal Medicine/Mayo Clinic]
  47. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
  48. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause: Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
  49. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [+ Video: Is HRT Bad for You?] [Other Languages and Formats]
  50. Management of Unscheduled Bleeding on HRT
  51. Mayo Clinic Minute: Help With Hot Flashes Due To Menopause [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  52. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  53. Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  54. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
  55. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Venous Thromboembolism
  56. Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Heart Disease and Stroke
  57. Menopause
  58. Menopause & Hormones: Questions To Ask Your Doctor
  59. Menopause Hormone Therapy: Does It Cause Vaginal Bleeding?
  60. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Benefits of MHT?
  61. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT?
  62. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
    Hormone Therapy Benefits and Risks
  63. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 3. The Risks & Benefits of HRT
  64. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 4. The Different Types of HRT
  65. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
  66. Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
  67. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  68. Menopause and HRT
  69. Menopause and HRT: Fact and Fiction
  70. Menopause, Perimenopause, Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments With Madelyn Butler, MD [Podcast]
  71. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment
  72. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Benefits and Risks of HRT [NICE Guideline]
  73. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause [NICE Guideline]
  74. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Is Hormone Therapy for Menopause?
  75. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  76. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  77. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  78. Ongoing Individualized Hormone Therapy Appears to Have No Age Limit
  79. Randomized Trials of Estrogen-Alone and Breast Cancer Incidence: A Meta-Analysis
  80. Risks and Benefits of MHT
  81. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society
  82. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause
  83. The Truth About Hormone Therapy for Menopause
  84. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice
  85. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer: Findings In Context
  86. Therapy for the Effects of Menopause
  87. Types of Hormone Therapy
  88. UCalgary Research Reveals Importance of Route of Administration of Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  89. Understanding the Risks and Benefits of Hormone Therapy for Menopause [+ Video]
  90. Updated BMS Guidelines on Unscheduled Bleeding on HRT
  91. Vaginal Dryness
  92. Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: How To Treat It?
  93. Vaginal Oestrogen Is A Treatment on the Rise, But Is It Safe?
  94. Video: Leslie Cho, MD, Discusses CV Risks, Benefits of Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  95. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Heart Disease, Risk Factors of Developing Heart Disease, and Can I Take Hormones?
  96. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Prevention of Chronic Diseases In Women: Where Does MHT Fit In?
  97. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: The Women’s Health Initiative – What Can We Believe?
  98. Webinars: Previous – Non-Hormonal Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  99. Webinars: Previous – Non-Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  100. World Menopause Day [18 October 2024]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Is Hormone Therapy for Menopause? Content Current As of: 14 December 2023. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause Accessed: 15 September 2024
  2. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Is MHT? Last Updated: 03 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 15 September 2024
  3. Risks and Benefits of MHT: Key Points. Content Updated January 2021. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/risks-and-benefits-of-mht-hrt Accessed: 15 September 2024
  4. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 15 September 2024
  5. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Page Last Reviewed: 08 February 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/benefits-and-risks-of-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/ Accessed: 15 September 2024
  6. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Are the Risks of Using Hormone Therapy? Content Current As of: 14 December 2023. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause Accessed: 15 September 2024
  7. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 15 September 2024
  8. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Abstract. July 2022:767. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/nams-2022-hormone-therapy-position-statement.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  9. Hormone Therapy: Is Hormone Therapy Safe? Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hormone-therapy Accessed: 15 September 2024
  10. Ongoing Individualized Hormone Therapy Appears to Have No Age Limit. 04 September 2024. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/press-releases/ongoing-individualized-hormone-therapy-appears-to-have-no-age-limit 15 September 2024
  11. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): When HRT Is Not Suitable. Last Updated 03 November 2022. NHS Inform https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/medicines-and-medical-aids/types-of-medicine/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/ Accessed: 15 September 2024
  12. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – Who Should Not Take Hormone Therapy for Menopause? Content Current As of: 14 December 2023. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause Accessed: 15 September 2024
  13. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  14. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  15. Hormone Therapy: Is Hormone Therapy Safe? Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hormone-therapy Accessed: 15 September 2024
  16. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Pill or Non-Pill. 2022:2. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  17. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Abstract. Menopause, Volume 29, No 27, 2022:767. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/nams-2022-hormone-therapy-position-statement.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  18. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT? Last Updated: 03 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 15 September 2024
  19. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – How Long Should I Use Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms? Content Current As of: 14 December 2023. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause Accessed: 15 September 2024
  20. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  21. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 15 September 2024
  22. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 15 September 2024
  23. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 15 September 2024
  24. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Is Hormone Therapy for Menopause? Content Current As of: 14 December 2023. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause Accessed: 15 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 15 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 15 September 2024

/by

Menopause Hair Changes

“The average age of the menopause is around fifty
and in the months or years leading up to this,
some people notice a change in hair pattern”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Hair Changes Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Chin Hair
  • Downy Hair
  • Facial Hair Growth/Increase
  • Hair Loss
  • Head Hair
  • Hirsutism
  • Thinning Hair
  • “Peach Fuzz”
  • “Rogue Hair”

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and hair pattern?

On page one in Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’ the (British) Women’s Health Concern (WHC) explain:

“The average age of the menopause is around fifty and in the months or years leading up to this, some people notice a change in hair pattern. Very commonly, the volume and condition of the hair appears to worsen, with some women noticing that hair does not grow as much as previously. More hair seems to come out in the basin when washing and hair brushes soon fill up as loose hairs are brushed away”.2

Postmenopause

Is there an association between postmenopause and hair loss?

In Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss the (United States) Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Health explain:

“About one-third of women experience hair loss (alopecia) at some time in their lives; among postmenopausal women, as many as two-thirds suffer hair thinning or bald spots”.3

Female Pattern Hair Loss

Is there an association between menopause and female pattern hair loss (FPHL)?

In Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’ the WHC note:

“FPHL is very common and increases with age and varies across ethnic groups. Although it can happen at any age, the condition occurs most commonly following the menopause. This does not mean that hormones alone are to blame, although oestrogen may have a protective role, helping to keep hair in the ‘growing phase’. Age itself is a factor and whilst women can take care of their hair cosmetically, it is one aspect of the ageing process we cannot always control”.4

In Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Health elaborate on:

“The main type of hair loss in women is the same as it is men. It’s called androgenetic alopecia, or female (or male) pattern hair loss. In men, hair loss usually begins above the temples, and the receding hairline eventually forms a characteristic “M” shape; hair at the top of the head also thins, often progressing to baldness. In women, androgenetic alopecia begins with gradual thinning at the part line, followed by increasing diffuse hair loss radiating from the top of the head. A woman’s hairline rarely recedes, and women rarely become bald”.5

Androgenetic Alopecia

What is androgenetic alopecia?

In Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss: What Is Androgenetic Alopecia? Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Health explain:


Menopause Hair Changes“Almost every woman eventually develops some degree of female pattern hair loss. It can start any time after the onset of puberty, but women tend to first notice it around menopause, when hair loss typically increases. The risk rises with age, and it’s higher for women with a history of hair loss on either side of the family”.6

Hirsutism

What is hirsutism?

DotS the definition of hirsutism may vary. In Hirsutism: Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Hirsutism (HUR-soot-iz-um) is a condition in women that results in excessive growth of dark or coarse hair in a male-like pattern — face, chest and back”.7

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with hair changes?

If you would like help with hair changes, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can clarify your hair changes, discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

In Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’: When To Seek Help the WHC explain:

“You should consult your doctor if:

  • You are losing hair in an unusual pattern
  • You are losing hair rapidly or at an early age (for example, in your teens or twenties)
  • You have any pain or itching with the hair loss
  • The skin on your scalp under the involved area is red, scaly, or otherwise abnormal
  • You have acne, facial hair, or an abnormal menstrual cycle
  • You have additional symptoms which concern you”.8

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Hair Changes?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Hair Changes?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. Aging Changes In Hair and Nails
  2. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  3. BMS TV: Menopause Explained
  4. Can Stress Cause Hair Loss?
  5. Can Wet Hair Make You Sick?
  6. Collagen Won’t Hurt Hair Growth, But It Probably Won’t Help Either
  7. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  8. Do All Women Lose Hair With Menopause?
  9. Endocrine.org [Endocrine Society, United States]
  10. Excessive Hair Growth (Hirsutism]
  11. Excessive or Unwanted Hair In Women
  12. Female Pattern Baldness
  13. Female Pattern Hair Loss Common During Menopause, Reversible If Promptly Treated
  14. Female-Pattern Baldness
  15. Hair Loss In Menopause: Am I Going Bald?
  16. Hair Loss In Women
  17. Hair Loss In Women: What You Need To Know
  18. Hair Loss and Hormones – Dr Sajjad Rajpar & Dr Louise Newson
  19. Hair Loss: Diagnosis & Treatment
  20. Hair Oiling: Should You Try It?
  21. Health After Menopause
  22. Here’s How Menopause Affects Your Skin and Hair
  23. Hirsutism
  24. How Jojoba Oil Benefits Your Hair and Skin
  25. How To Make Your Hair Grow Faster
  26. Is Biotin as Good as Advertised for Your Hair Loss?
  27. Is Hair Colour Determined By Genetics?
  28. Let’s Talk About Perimenopause
  29. Mayo Clinic Minute: Expert Advice for Women With Thinning Hair [+ Video]
  30. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  31. Menopausal Hair Changes
  32. Menopausal Hair Loss – More Than ‘A Bad Hair Day’
  33. Menopause
  34. Menopause
  35. Menopause
  36. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
  37. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Symptom Tracker
  38. Menopause Mindfulness: Embracing the Change of My Midlife [Video]
  39. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  40. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  41. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
  42. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  43. Menopause, Skin and Common Dermatoses. Part 1: Hair Disorders
  44. Menopause: Ensuring A Tranquil Transition
  45. Menopause: Things You Can Do
  46. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  47. Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
  48. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Lavender
  49. Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help
  50. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  51. Perimenopause and Menopause Checklist: Translated Checklists
  52. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  53. Prevalence of Female Pattern Hair Loss In Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
  54. Preventing Hair Loss In Women: I’m 60 years old, and I’ve noticed my hair starting to thin. What can I do to regain the fullness I used to have?
  55. Rice Water: The Secret Ingredient for Longer Hair? With Alok Vij, MD [ Podcast]
  56. Rosemary Oil for Hair
  57. Shampoos for Hair Loss: Can They Help?
  58. Shampoos for Thinning Hair Due To Menopause: Options and Considerations
  59. Skin, Hair and Nail Changes In Menopause: A Dermatologist’s Guide| The Dr Louise Newson Podcast
  60. Surprising Menopause Symptoms | Dr Louise Newson
  61. Surprising Menopause Symptoms Revisited | Dr Louise Newson
  62. The Menopause: After the Menopause
  63. Thinning Hair In Women: Why It Happens and What Helps
  64. Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss
  65. Skin, Hair and Nails: Skin, Hair and Nails [Topics]
  66. The Best Vitamins and Supplements for Hair Growth
  67. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  68. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  69. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: A Simple Approach To Menopause: The Menopause Quick Six (www.MQ6.ca)
  70. Webinars: Symposia – Menopause: Understanding Hormonal Variations’ Impact on Skin & Scalp
  71. Webinars: Previous – Skin and Connective Tissue Ageing at the Time of the Menopause
  72. What Does Vitamin B5 Do for Your Hair and Skin?
  73. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
  74. What Is Menopause? [+ Video]
  75. What Is Sugaring? Pros and Cons of This Hair Removal Option
  76. What Pumpkin Seed Oil Could Do for Your Hair
  77. What You Need To Know About Keratin Treatments
  78. Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me This? Episode 3: Dr Annice Mukherjee: Your Essential Menopause Toolkit
  79. Women and Hair Loss: Coping Tips
  80. Women’s Wellness: Can Women Prevent Hair Loss? Question: I’m 60 years old, and I’ve noticed my hair starting to thin. What can I do to regain the fullness I used to have?
  81. Your Guide To Aging, Thinning Hair: 5 Simple Tips

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’. Publication Date: August 2021:1. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/menopausal-hair-loss/ Accessed: 14 September 2024
  2. Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’. Publication Date: August 2021:1. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/menopausal-hair-loss/ Accessed: 14 September 2024
  3. Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss. 08 April 2024. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Health https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/treating-female-pattern-hair-loss Accessed: 14 September 2024
  4. Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’. Publication Date: August 2021:1. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/menopausal-hair-loss/ Accessed: 14 September 2024
  5. Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss. 08 April 2024. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Health https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/treating-female-pattern-hair-loss Accessed: 14 September 2024
  6. Treating Female Pattern Hair Loss: What Is Androgenetic Alopecia? 08 April 2024. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Health https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/treating-female-pattern-hair-loss Accessed: 14 September 2024
  7. Hirsutism: Overview. 12 October 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hirsutism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354935 Accessed: 14 September 2024
  8. Menopausal Hair Loss – ‘More Than A Bad Hair Day’: When To Seek Help. Publication Date: August 2021:2. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/menopausal-hair-loss/ Accessed: 23 March 2024
Topic Last Updated: 14 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 14 September 2024

/by

Healthy Living

“By taking steps toward healthy living,
you can help reduce your risk of heart disease,
cancer, stroke and other serious diseases”.1

Umbrella

What may the Healthy Living Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Healthy Lifestyle
  • Healthy Living
  • Lifestyle Management

Healthy Living Steps

What are some healthy living steps?

In Healthy Living the (United States) MedlinePlus elaborate on:


Healthy Living“Many factors affect your health. Some you cannot control, such as your genetic makeup or your age. But you can make changes to your lifestyle. By taking steps toward healthy living, you can help reduce your risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke and other serious diseases:

  • Get the screening tests you need
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Eat a variety of healthy foods, and limit calories and saturated fat
  • Be physically active
  • Control your blood pressure and cholesterol
  • Don’t smoke
  • Protect yourself from too much sun
  • Drink alcohol in moderation, or don’t drink at all
  • Get enough sleep every day
  • Work on improving your mental health, for example by practicing mediation, relaxation techniques, or gratitude”.2

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with healthy living?

If you would like help with healthy living, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Healthy Living?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Healthy Living?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 10 Embarrassing Questions You Should Ask Your Doctor
  2. 10 Ways To Reduce Pain
  3. A Healthy Weight
  4. Alcohol and Menopause: A Balancing Act
  5. Are You Up To Date on Your Preventive Care?
  6. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  7. BMS TV: Menopause – Weight Gain, Nutrition and Lifestyle
  8. Healthy LivingBMS TV: Sleep
  9. Bones and Beyond: The Benefits of Self-Care for Both Body and Mind
  10. Boost Your Mood With Mind-Nourishing Food
  11. Buildbetterbones.org [Build Better Bones, International Osteoporosis Foundation]
  12. Cancer Prevention Recommendations
  13. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Life Expectancy: Do We Have Control?
  14. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Lifestyle Modification and Prevention of Breast Cancer
  15. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  16. Emotional Wellness In Menopause
  17. Excess Body Weight, Alcohol and Tobacco: How Lifestyle Can Affect Your Cancer Risk
  18. Exercise In Menopause
  19. Family Health History
  20. Get A Bone Density Test
  21. Get Checked – Women: A Cancer Prevention Plan for Women
  22. Health Checks for Women
    Healthy Living
  23. Healthy Choices
  24. Healthy Lifestyle
  25. Healthy Living
  26. Healthy Living
  27. Healthy Living
  28. Healthy Living
  29. Healthy Living
  30. Healthy Living By Age
  31. Healthy Living By Age: Healthy Living In Your 40s
  32. Healthy Living By Age: Healthy Living In Your 50s
  33. Healthy Living By Age: Healthy Living In Your 60s
  34. Help! I’m Too Tired To Exercise
  35. How Menopause Impacts Your Health
  36. How To Be Active for Health
  37. How To Prevent Cancer: 6 Ways To Lower Your Risk
  38. Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated
  39. Know Your Numbers They Could Just Save Your Life
  40. Know Your Risk
  41. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause [+ Video: Menopause]
  42. Life’s Essential 8
  43. Healthy LivingLive Well
  44. Live Your Life Well
  45. Livetothebeat.org
  46. Looking After Yourself
  47. Managing Menopause
  48. May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month [United States]
  49. Mayo Clinic Minute: Are You Getting Enough Sleep for Your Best Heart Health? [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  50. Mayo Clinic Minute: Combating Weight Gain During Menopause [+ Video]
  51. Mayo Clinic Minute: How Lifestyle Changes May Help Manage Menopause Symptoms [+ Video]
  52. Mayo Clinic Minute: Prescribing Nature for Mental, Physical Health [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  53. Mayo Clinic Q&A Podcast: Tips for Living Younger, Longer By Preventing Disease [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  54. Mediterranean Lifestyle, Not Just Diet, May Greatly Improve Health
  55. Menopause
  56. Menopause
  57. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
  58. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  59. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  60. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Lifestyle Tips for Menopause
  61. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Mindfulness & Wellbeing During the Menopause Transition
  62. Menopause and Your Health
  63. Mental Health Awareness Week
  64. Mood and the Menopause
  65. Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
  66. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  67. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  68. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  69. Nutrition In Menopause
  70. Nutrition and Healthy Eating – Alcohol: If You Drink, Keep It Moderate
  71. Nutrition and Healthy Living
  72. Office of Dietary Supplements: Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets
  73. Our Best Mental Health Tips – Backed By Research
  74. Pathtogoodbonehealth.org [Your Path To Good Bone Health, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  75. Physical Activity and Exercise
  76. Physical Activity, Sport and Mental Health
  77. Postmenopause
  78. Quit Smoking: Stop Smoking Without Putting on Weight
  79. Recipes [Jean Hailes for Women’s Health]
  80. Sex and Menopause: Treatment for Symptoms
  81. Sleep Problems and Menopause: What Can I Do?
  82. Sleep and Tiredness: 10 Medical Reasons for Feeling Tired
  83. Sleep, Food, Exercise, Stress: Why Working on One of These Can Improve the Others
  84. Smokefreewomen [United States]
  85. Sweet Dreams – Sleep and Your Health
  86. The High Cost of Alcohol To Your Health
  87. The Mediterranean Diet and Menopausal Health: An EMAS Position Statement
  88. The Reality of Menopause Weight Gain
  89. Top Health Checks for Women
  90. Top Tips To Improve Your Mental Wellbeing
  91. Updates on Exercise and Lifestyle Tips for Bone Strength With Joanne Fagerstrom, PT CFP
  92. Video: Menopause Symptoms May Be Associated With Later Health Risks
  93. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Menopause and Abnormal Bleeding
  94. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Prevention of Chronic Diseases In Women: Where Does MHT Fit In?
  95. Webinars: Previous – Approach To Bone Health In the Perimenopause and Postmenopause?
  96. Weight Gain and Menopause
  97. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
  98. What We Know About Preventing Cancer
  99. Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me This? Episode 3: Dr Annice Mukherjee: Your Essential Menopause Toolkit
  100. World Menopause Day

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Healthy Living: Summary. Last Updated: 26 April 2023. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthyliving.html Accessed: 14 September 2024
  2. Healthy Living: Summary. Last Updated: 26 April 2023. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthyliving.html Accessed: 14 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 14 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 14 September 2024

/by

Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy

“Because estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus, women with a uterus need to take an additional hormone, progestogen, to protect the uterus”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Combination Estrogen and Progestin Medicines
  • Combination HT/HRT
  • Combination Hormone Replacement/Hormone Therapy
  • Combined Hormonal Therapy
  • Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy
  • Estrogen Plus Progestogen
  • Estrogen With Progestogen Therapy
  • Estrogen and Progestin (Hormone Replacement Therapy)
  • Estrogen-Progestogen Therapy (EPT)
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
  • Oestrogen and Progesterone Therapy

Hormone Therapy

What is hormone therapy (HT) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) ?

DotS the definition of HT or MHT may vary. In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Is MHT? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s definition is:

“MHT is the medical replacement of female hormones oestrogen and progesterone, and sometimes testosterone”.2

Progesterone

What is progesterone?

DotS the definition of progesterone may vary. In Glossary of Terms the Australasian Menopause Society’s (AMS) definition is:

“Progesterone is the ovarian hormone produced by the corpus luteum which prepares the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized egg”.3

Progestogen

What is progestogen?

DotS the definition of progestogen may vary. The AMS’s definition is:

“Progestogen is a hormone which can be natural or synthetic but has a similar effect on a woman’s body as progesterone”.4

Progestin

What is progestin?

DotS the definition of progestin may vary. The AMS’s definition is:

“Progestin is a synthetic hormone which has the actions of progesterone”.5

UterusHormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy

Who can choose to use estrogen plus progestogen hormone therapy (HT)?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use, published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society elaborate on:

“Hormone therapy involves taking estrogen in doses high enough to raise the level of estrogen in your blood in order to treat hot flashes and other symptoms. Because estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus, women with a uterus need to take an additional hormone, progestogen, to protect the uterus”.6

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – Types of MHT: Oestrogen and Progesterone Therapy the JH explain:

“If you haven’t had a hysterectomy, oestrogen and progesterone are used together, as progesterone reduces the risk of endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterus).

Other combinations of oestrogen and progestogen (including progesterone and other progesterone-like hormones) may also be recommended”.7

Health Care Provider

If I choose to use estrogen plus progestogen (EPT) what are my risks?

Different women who choose to use EPT can have different risks. It may therefore be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “The decision whether to take HRT, the dose and duration of its use should be made on an individualised basis after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. This should be considered in the context of the overall benefits obtained from using HRT including symptom control and improving quality of life as well as considering the bone and cardiovascular benefits associated with HRT use”.8

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 8 Myths and Truths About Menopausal Hot Flashes
  2. ACOG Explains: Managing Menopause Symptoms [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists] [October 2023]
  3. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  4. BMS & WHC’s 2020 Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy In Menopausal Women
  5. BMS TV: HRT and Bleeding
  6. BMS TV: HRT and Breast Cancer: Overall Risks and Benefits
  7. BMS TV: HRT and the Risk of Breast Cancer
  8. BMS TV: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  9. BMS TV: Progestogens
  10. Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
  11. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2022 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Hormone Therapy: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
  12. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Lifestyle Modification and Prevention of Breast Cancer
  13. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Premature and Early Menopause
  14. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  15. Deciding About Hormone Therapy
  16. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  17. EMAS On-Demand Webinars [European Menopause and Andropause Society] [Multiply Languages]: Personalized Oral Combined MHT and Long-Term Effects: How To Choose According To the Patient’s Needs [Multiply Languages]
  18. Estrogen: What It Does and 5 Benefits
  19. FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause
  20. Guidance on Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  21. HRT
  22. HRT – Types, Doses and Regimens
  23. HRT: Benefits and Risks
  24. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  25. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) With Dr Nicky Peel & Prof. David Armstrong
  26. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  27. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Tablets, Capsules and Patches
  28. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Tablets, Capsules and Patches – Side Effects of Continuous Combined HRT
  29. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Oestrogen Tablets, Patches, Gel and Spray
  30. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Sequential Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Tablets and Patches
  31. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Sequential Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Tablets and Patches – Side Effects of Sequential Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  32. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Types of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  33. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Utrogestan (Micronised Progesterone)
  34. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Utrogestan (Microsecond Progesterone) – Side Effects of Utrogestan
  35. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
  36. Hot Flashes
  37. Hot Flashes
  38. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? [+ Video: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?]
  39. Hot Flashes? Night Sweats? Progesterone Can Help Reduce Symptoms of Menopause
  40. How To Find Relief for Hot Flashes At Night
  41. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause: Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
  42. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause
  43. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [+ Video: Is HRT Bad for You?] [Other Languages and Formats]
  44. Managing Your Symptoms
  45. Mayo Clinic Minute: Help With Hot Flashes Due To Menopause [+ Video]
  46. Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  47. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
  48. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Venous Thromboembolism
  49. Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Heart Disease and Stroke
  50. Menopause
  51. Menopause
  52. Menopause
  53. Menopause Definitions
  54. Menopause Hormone Therapy: Does It Cause Vaginal Bleeding?
  55. Menopause Management Options
  56. Menopause Management: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
  57. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
  58. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – Stages of Menopause: Medication Tracker
    Hormone Therapy and Estrogen Plus Progestogen Therapy
  59. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  60. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 3. The Risks & Benefits of HRT
  61. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 4. The Different Types of HRT
  62. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
  63. Menopause Management Options
  64. Menopause Symptoms and Relief
  65. Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
  66. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  67. Menopause What Are the Symptoms?
  68. Menopause and HRT
  69. Menopause and HRT: Fact and Fiction
  70. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment
  71. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause [NICE Guideline]
  72. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  73. Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
  74. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  75. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  76. Progesterone Intolerance | Dr Louise Newson [Video]
  77. Risks and Benefits of MHT
  78. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause
  79. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement
  80. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  81. Therapy for the Effects of Menopause
  82. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  83. Types of Hormone Therapy
  84. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: A Simple Approach To Menopause: The Menopause Quick Six (www.MQ6.ca)
  85. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Heart Disease, Risk Factors of Developing Heart Disease, and Can I Take Hormones?
  86. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: The Women’s Health Initiative – What Can We Believe?
  87. Webinars: Previous – Hormones and Stroke: An Update on Treatment and Risk [20 February 2024]
  88. Webinars: Previous – Progestogen, Progestin, Progesterone: Why All the Confusion?
  89. What Are the Benefits and Risks of HRT?
  90. What Doctors Wish Patients Knew About Menopause
  91. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms [Video]
  92. Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me This? Episode 3: Dr Annice Mukherjee: Your Essential Menopause Toolkit

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 12 September 2024
  2. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Is MHT? Last Updated: 03 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 12 September 2024
  3. Glossary of Terms: Progesterone. Content Updated: February 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/381-glossary-of-terms Accessed: 12 September 2024
  4. Glossary of Terms: Progestogen. Content Updated: February 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/381-glossary-of-terms Accessed: 12 September 2024
  5. Glossary of Terms: Progestin. Content Updated: February 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/381-glossary-of-terms Accessed: 12 September 2024
  6. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 12 September 2024
  7. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – Types of MHT: Oestrogen and  Progesterone Therapy. Last Updated: 03 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 12 September 2024
  8. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 12 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 12 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 12 September 2024

/by

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

“Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is caused by
a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen
makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Atrophic Vaginitis
  • Genital Atrophy
  • Genitourinary/Genito-Urinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)
  • Menopause Vaginal Dryness
  • Urogenital Problems
  • Vaginal Atrophy
  • Vaginal Dryness
  • Vaginal Symptoms
  • Vulvovaginal Atrophy (VVA)

Definition

What is the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)?

DotS the definition of GSM may vary. On page one in Vaginal Dryness the (United States) Menopause Society elaborate on:

“The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) includes bothersome vaginal, vulvar (lips of the vagina), and urinary symptoms that can affect quality of life, sexual satisfaction, and even your relationship with your partner”.2

In Mayo Clinic Q and A: Treatment for Vaginal Dryness for Menopausal Women the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Vaginal dryness is common in women who are approaching menopause and those who have gone through menopause. Other related symptoms include vaginal and vulvar irritation; burning or itching; discomfort or pain with sexual activity; and urinary symptoms, such as more frequent or urgent urination, urge leak, and urinary tract infections. Together, these symptoms are referred to as “genitourinary syndrome of menopause,” or GSM. These symptoms occur in roughly half of menopausal women and are even more common in women with breast cancer”.3

Common or Not

How common is GSM in postmenopausal women?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Bladder, Vaginal and Vulval Problems the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) explain:

“As you move into perimenopause and menopause, low oestrogen levels can change your vulval, vaginal and bladder tissues. These changes may affect up to half of postmenopausal women”.4

Symptoms

What may be symptoms of GSM?

In Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) signs and symptoms may include:

  • Vaginal dryness
  • Vaginal burning
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Genital itching
  • Burning with urination
  • Urgency with urination
  • Frequent urination
  • Recurrent urinary tract infections
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Light bleeding after intercourse
  • Discomfort with intercourse
  • Decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual activity
  • Shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal”.5

Cause

What causes GSM?

In Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Causes the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile”.6

Treatment

What are some GSM treatments?

On page one and two in Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options the Menopause Society elaborate on:

Menopause“There are many effective treatment options for GSM, including over-the-counter and prescription therapies. First-line therapies for less severe symptoms include nonhormone over-the-counter lubricants used as needed for sexual activity and moisturizers used regularly (several times per week) to maintain moisture. Prescription therapies include low-dose vaginal estrogens, vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone inserts, and oral ospemifene. Nonhormone lubricants and moisturizers can be combined for optimal symptom relief and can be used in combination with prescription therapies for more severe symptoms.

  • “Nonhormone Remedies
    • Vaginal Lubricants…
    • Vaginal Moisturizers…
    • Regular Sexual Stimulation…
    • Expanding Your Views of Sexual Pleasure…
    • Vaginal Dilators…
    • Pelvic Floor Exercises…
  • Vaginal Hormone Therapy…
    • An effective and safe treatment, low-dose local estrogen applied directly to the vagina…
    • FDA-approved low-dose vaginal estrogen products…
    • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; Prasterone)
    • Low-dose vaginal estrogen or DHEA may be options for women with a history breast or uterine cancer…
  • Systemic Estrogen Therapy
  • Other Therapies…
    • Ospemifene
    • Vaginal Laser Therapy…”.7

Painful Intercourse

How may painful intercourse be resolved?

The Mayo Clinic explain:

“… make an appointment to see your doctor if you experience painful intercourse that’s not resolved by using a vaginal moisturizer (K-Y Liquibeads, Replens, Sliquid, others) or water-based lubricant (Astroglide, K-Y Jelly, Sliquid, others)”.8

Vaginal Estrogen

How may vaginal estrogen be used?

In The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Abstract published July 2022, the Menopause Society note:

“For bothersome genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms not relieved with over-the-counter therapies in women without indications for use of systemic hormone therapy, low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy or other therapies (eg, vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone or oral ospemifene) are recommended”.9

Can estrogen be placed directly into the vagina?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use, published July 2022, the NAMS explain:

“If you are bothered only by vaginal dryness, you can use very low doses of estrogen placed directly into the vagina. These low doses generally do not raise blood estrogen levels above postmenopause levels and do not treat hot flashes. You do not need to take a progestogen when using only low doses of estrogen in the vagina. (The MenoNote “Vaginal Dryness” covers this topic in detail)”.10

On page three in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations can be taken by perimenopausal and menopausal women experiencing genitourinary symptoms and continued for as long as required. All vaginal oestrogen preparations have been shown to be effective in this context and there is no requirement to combine vaginal oestrogens with systemic progestogen treatment for endometrial protection, as low-dose and ultra-low dose vaginal oestrogen preparations do not result in significant systemic absorption or endometrial hyperplasia”.11

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have GSM?

If you think you have GSM, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause – Effectiveness: Local Treatment of Urogenital Atrophy, published online 01 December 2023, the authors note:

“Urogenital symptoms due to estrogen insufficiency are under-recognized and under-treated. These symptoms can be effectively treated with an array of local therapies including intravaginal estrogen preparations or DHEA (prasterone) and intravaginal moisturizers. Concurrent progestogen therapy is not required. Many women require local therapy, in addition to systemic MHT, to relieve urogenital symptoms. It is important patients understand that treatment needs to be ongoing and is not simply a short course of therapy”.12

In Symptoms of Menopause: Bladder, Vaginal and Vulval Problems – Urinary Symptoms the JH explain:

“While symptoms such as hot flushes usually disappear over time, bladder, vaginal and vulval problems can persist and may even get worse. But many effective treatments are available.”.13

On page two in Vaginal Dryness the Menopause Society also note:

“Note: Vaginal and vulvar symptoms not related to menopause include yeast infections, allergic reactions, and certain skin conditions, so consult your healthcare professional if symptoms do not improve with treatment”.14

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. ACOG Explains: Managing Menopause Symptoms [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]
  2. Askearlymenopause.org [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  3. BMS TV: Urogenital Atrophy
  4. Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
  5. Bladder Control: Lifestyle Strategies Ease Problems
  6. CAMS Menopause Hour With the Indian Menopause Society: Genitourinary Health [Council of Affiliated Menopause Societies]
  7. CO2-Laser Therapy and Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  8. Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Evidence Map
  9. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  10. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  11. Douching Fact Sheet
  12. Dr. Stephanie Faubion – Genitourinary  Syndrome of Menopause
  13. Endometrial Safety of Low-Dose Vaginal Estrogens
  14. Endometrial Safety of Low-Dose Vaginal Estrogens [Video]
  15. Experiencing Vaginal Dryness? Here’s What You Need To Know
  16. Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
  17. Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
  18. Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
  19. Gaslighting of Genitourinary Symptoms of the Menopause
  20. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)
  21. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (Vaginal Atrophy)
  22. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause [Video]
  23. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause [Podcast]
  24. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause and the False Promise of Vaginal Laser Therapy
  25. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review on Prevalence and Treatment [Video]
  26. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: New Name, Old Problem
  27. Hormonal Treatments and Vaginal Moisturizers for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review
  28. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
  29. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen – Common Questions About Vaginal Oestrogen
  30. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen – How and When To Use Vaginal Oestrogen
  31. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health: Find A Provider
  32. Is It Too Late To Start HRT?
  33. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause
  34. Laser Treatment for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (Scientific Impact Paper No. 72)
  35. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Sexual Wellbeing, Intimacy and Menopause [+ Video: Menopause Is the End of Your Sex Life]
  36. Low Estrogen Bladder Symptoms and Treatment
  37. Lubricant Alternatives: What To Use and What To Avoid
  38. Mayo Clinic Minute: Menopause and Sexual Health [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  39. Genitourinary Syndrome of MenopauseMayo Clinic Q and A: 6 UTI Myths and Facts
  40. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  41. Menopause
  42. Menopause
  43. Menopause Checklist Podcast: Episode 1: A Wee Problem
  44. Menopause Management Options
  45. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
    Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  46. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Symptom Tracker
    Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  47. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  48. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  49. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Lifestyle Tips for Menopause Wellness
  50. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
  51. Menopause Ruining Your Sex Life?
  52. Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
  53. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  54. Menopause, Perimenopause, Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments With Madelyn Butler, MD [Podcast]
  55. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause [NICE Guideline]
  56. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  57. Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
  58. Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help
  59. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  60. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  61. Painful Vaginal Sex (Dyspareunia)
  62. Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health: Guide To Sexual Health Providers
  63. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  64. Position Statement for Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of the Menopause (GSM)
  65. Prosayla Supported By ISSWSH [International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health]
  66. Questions To Ask Your GP About Menopause
  67. Sexual Difficulties In the Menopause
  68. Surprising Menopause Symptoms Revisited | Dr Louise Newson [Video]
  69. Symptoms of Menopause: Bladder, Vaginal and Vulval Problems
  70. The 2020 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society
  71. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause
  72. The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data
  73. The Vaginal Laser Therapy Versus Vaginal Estrogen Therapy: The VeLVET Trial [Video]
  74. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  75. Therapeutic Choices for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) In Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Update
  76. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  77. Therapy for the Effects of Menopause
  78. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  79. Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause In Breast Cancer Survivors
  80. Treating Incontinence During Your Perimenopause and Menopause Years
  81. UTI: This Common Infection Can Be Serious
  82. Urogenital Problems
  83. Urologic View In the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  84. Using Natural Therapies In the Menopause Transition – Webinar
  85. Vaginal Atrophy
  86. Vaginal Atrophy
  87. Vaginal Dryness
  88. Vaginal Dryness
  89. Vaginal Dryness
  90. Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: How To Treat It? I’m postmenopausal and often have vaginal dryness, which makes intercourse painful. Is there anything I can do about it?
  91. Vaginal Dryness: Alternative Treatments
  92. Vaginal Dryness: What To Do About It
  93. Vaginal Laser Therapy for GSM/VVA: Where We Stand Now – A Review By the EUGA Working Group on Laser
  94. Vaginal Laser Therapy for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – Systematic Review
  95. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  96. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Vulvar Diseases, Overview for Aging Women [June 2024]
  97. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: A Simple Approach To Menopause: The Menopause Quick Six (www.MQ6.ca)
  98. Webinars: Previous – Skin and Connective Tissue Ageing At the Time of the Menopause
  99. Vulval Irritation
  100. Vulvovaginal Atrophy

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Causes. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288 Accessed: 12 September 2024
  2. Vaginal Dryness. 2022: 1. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 12 September 2024
  3. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Treatment for Vaginal Dryness for Menopausal Women. 14 July 2021. Mayo Clinic https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-treatment-for-vaginal-dryness-for-menopausal-women/ Accessed: 12 September 2024
  4. Symptoms of Menopause: Bladder, Vaginal and Vulval Problems. Last Updated: 21 April 2024. Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms/ Accessed: 12 September 2024
  5. Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288 Accessed: 12 September 2024
  6. Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Causes. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288 Accessed: 12 September 2024
  7. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options. 2022: 1-2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 12 September 2024
  8. Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 17 September 2021. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288 Accessed: 12 September 2024
  9. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Abstract. Published July 2022. Menopause Society https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/2022/07000/The_2022_hormone_therapy_position_statement_of_The.4.aspx Accessed: 12 September 2024
  10. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. Published July 2022. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 12 September 2024
  11. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayesena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 12 September 2024
  12. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam12 September 2024, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing the Menopause Supporting Notes – Effectiveness: Local Treatment of Urogenital Atrophy. Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 12 September 2024
  13. Symptoms of Menopause: Bladder, Vaginal and Vulval Problems – Urinary Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024. Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms/ Accessed: 12 September 2024
  14. Vaginal Dryness: Note. 2022: 2. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness_4e454569-8d3c-4346-a00b-515f46b378c9.pdf Accessed: 12 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 12 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 12 September 2024

/by

Menopause News November 2024

Menopause News November 2024 includes
some evidence-based menopause news
by menopause societies and international sources.

Umbrella

What may the Menopause News November 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Latest News
  • Media Releases
  • Menopause News
  • News
  • Position Statements
  • Press Releases/Statements
  • Reports

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with Menopause News?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of Menopause News, because this information may have been updated.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what Menopause News November 2024 is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what Menopause News November 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Menopause News November 2024

What is some Menopause News November 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.
Menopause News November 2024

  1. Blackcurrants Shape Gut Microbiota Profile and Reduce Risk of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via the Gut-Bone Axis: Evidence From A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial [November 2024]
  2. Common Mental Health Diagnoses Arising From or Coinciding With Menopausal Transition and Prescribing of SSRIs/SNRIs Medications and Other Psychotropic Medications [November 2024]
  3. Maturitas
  4. Menopause: The Journal of The Menopause Society
  5. Menopause: The Journal of The Menopause Society – Videos
  6. Sexual Health and Wellbeing and the Menopause: An EMAS Clinical Guide [November 2024]

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause News November 2024?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause News November 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

  1. EMAS News [European Menopause and Andropause Society]
  2. Headline News [Healio]
  3. Knowledge and News on Women: OWH Blog [Office of Women’s Health, Food and Drug Administration, United States]
  4. Maturitas [European Menopause and Andropause Society]
  5. Menopause, The Journal of The Menopause Society [Formerly The North American Menopause Society]
  6. News Room [Endocrine Society, United States]
  7. News [Australasian Menopause Society]
  8. News [British Menopause Society]
  9. News [International Menopause Society]
  10. News [Jean Hailes for Women’s Health, Australia]
  11. News [Women’s Health Concern, United Kingdom]
  12. Post Reproductive Health Journal [British Menopause Society]
  13. Press Releases [The Menopause Society]
  14. Video Gallery [Menopause, The Journal of The Menopause Society]

Topic Last Updated: 21 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 11 September 2024
/by

Menopause Depression

“Hormonal changes around the time of menopause
can lead to anxiety and depression,
but other factors may also cause these feelings”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Depression umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Clinical Depression
  • Depression
  • Depressive Disorder
  • Major Depression
  • Major Depressive Disorder
  • Menopause Blues

Depression

What is depression?

DotS the definition of depression may vary. In Depressive Disorder (Depression): Overview, 31 March 2023, the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Depressive disorder (also known as depression) is a common mental disorder. It involves a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time.

Depression is different from regular mood changes and feelings about everyday life. It can affect all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. It can result from or lead to problems at school and at work”.2

In Depression: What Is Depression? last reviewed March 2024, the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health’s (NIMH) definition is:

“Depression (also known as major depression, major depressive disorder, or clinical depression) is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.

To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks”.3

Sadness or Depression

Is sadness the same as depression?

In Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know the NIMH explain:

“Feeling sad is a normal reaction to difficult times in life. Depression is different—it is a mood disorder that can affect how a person feels, thinks, and acts”.4

Perimenopause

Is there an association between perimenopause and depression?

In Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know – 3. Certain Types of Depression Are Unique To Women the NIMH note:

  • “Perimenopausal Depression affects some women during the transition to menopause. Whereas abnormal periods, problems sleeping, mood swings, and hot flashes are common during the menopause transition, more extreme feelings of irritability, anxiety, sadness, or loss of enjoyment may be signs of depression”.5

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and depression?

In Menopause Depression: Women, Menopause and Depression HER Center Australia elaborate on:

Menopause Depression“Depression in women in their mid-40’s to early 50’s is a significant problem. For women, middle age is the age with a very high risk of both first time depression as well as depression recurrence. Related to this is the tragic statistic that women aged 45-49, have a high completed suicide rate. The impact of menopause is a critical factor in the development of depression in this group, be it for the first time, or a recurrence of previous depression.

While many women do not experience significant mental ill health during the transition to menopause, an estimated 40% of perimenopausal women present to their primary healthcare physicians with depressive symptoms. Importantly, depressive symptoms experienced in the menopause transition are different and often worse in severity compared to depression in younger and older women”.6

In Menopause and Mental Health: Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause, content updated February 2023, the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) elaborate on:

“Mental health symptoms related to menopause can include feeling:

  • Irritable
  • Sad
  • Anxious
  • Hopeless
  • Less able to concentrate or focus
  • Tired
  • Unmotivated

Some women might experience these symptoms in a mild form. Others might have more severe symptoms of depression (including thoughts of suicide) lasting for at least two weeks. This is known as a major depressive episode and is more likely in women who have a history of major depression during their pre-menopausal years.

While many women do not have mental health issues during the menopausal transition, unstable oestrogen levels can have an impact on the brain, predisposing some women to feelings of depression and anxiety”.7

Cause

What may cause depression during menopause?

On page 777 in The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Depression, published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society note:

“Depressive symptoms worsen as women transition through menopause, although evidence is mixed as to whether depressive disorders are more common during the menopause transition relative to premenopause. Most women who present with depressive disorders during the menopause transition are women with a history of depression before the menopause transition, and women with a history of depression are at high risk for recurrence during the menopause transition”.8

In Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Mood and Emotional Health – Anxiety and Depression the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health explain:

“Hormonal changes around the time of menopause can lead to anxiety and depression, but other factors may also cause these feelings.

If you experienced anxiety before reaching menopause, some symptoms could make your anxiety worse. For example, hot flushes could lead to an anxiety attack.

Also, symptoms such as night sweats can affect your mood and make you feel exhausted, grumpy or depressed.

At this stage of life, you may experience depression for different reasons. For example, if you are having relationship problems or feeling more stress than normal.

You might also reflect on negative past experiences during this time, leading to feelings of depression”.9

In Mood and the Menopause, content updated 09 February 2023, the AMS elaborate on:

“Risk factors for depressive symptoms/disorders are multiple and include VMS, previous mood disorders including prior MDD, reproductive related mood disturbance (severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or postpartum depression), other health factors, psychological and socioeconomic factors, and hormonal changes such as variability in FSH and oestradiol”.10

What is VMS?

VMS can be an abbreviation for Vasomotor Symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats.

What is MDD?

MDD can be an abbreviation for Major Depressive Disorder.

What is FSH?

FSH can be an abbreviation for Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

Treatment

How may perimenopausal and menopausal depression be treated?

In Menopause and Mental Health: Treatment Options for Mental Health Symptoms the AMS elaborate on:

“Women should have an individualised assessment with their doctor in order to discuss the most appropriate treatment pathway. Options may include lifestyle changes, psychological therapies and medications such as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or antidepressants.

While some international guidelines do not recommend MHT as first line therapy, many doctors have seen a positive effect on mood with the use of MHT in the first instance. There is evidence that oestrogen has antidepressant effects, particularly in perimenopausal women. We emphasise an individualised approach with treatment tailored to the individual patient.

Oestrogen is not recommended for women with a history of breast cancer.

At this stage, there is no evidence to recommend alternative or complementary therapies for treatment of perimenopausal depression”.11

Hormone Therapy vs Antidepressants

What does Professor Kulkarni explain about hormone therapy or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) as a  treatment option for menopause mental health issues?

In Depression: A Major Challenge of the Menopause Transition – Abstract, published October 2022, Professor Kulkarni, Professor of Psychiatry at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne; Head of Department of Psychiatry at Monash University, Melbourne; and Director of the Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, explains:

“Guidelines recommend antidepressant medications as first-line treatment; however, emerging evidence suggests menopausal hormone treatment may also be effective. A biopsychosocial approach to management, including treating depressive symptoms and addressing relevant psychological and lifestyle factors, offers the best outcomes and improvement in quality of life”.12

In Menopause Depression: Under Recognised and Poorly Treated – A New Approach for Menopausal Mental Health, published 18 May 2024, Kulkarni, J. et al. also elaborate on:

“MHT is an important part of the treatment options available for menopausal mental health issues, particularly in the early perimenopause timeframe. The newer forms of MHT given in safer delivery modes potentially offer better outcomes for menopausal mental health and physical health issues. Coupled with comprehensive baseline and follow-up investigations, MHT may provide better resolution of menopausal depression, anxiety and ‘brain fog’ than current psychiatric medications that provide partial relief but have many side effects…”.13

Health Care Provider

What if I feel depressed?

If you feel depressed, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider abut this, soon as possible.

In Menopause and Mental Health: Untangling Physical and Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause the AMS elaborate on:

“Speaking with your doctor about your menopausal symptoms, life circumstances and clinical history can help them to recommend the best treatment options and lifestyle and behavioural changes for your situation”.14

In Menopause and Mind Health the JH remind us:

“Everyone experiences menopause differently. Talk to your doctor if:

  • You are experiencing strong emotions
  • You think you have anxiety or depression
  • Menopausal symptoms are impacting your quality of life
  • Your brain fog is long lasting or stopping you from doing daily activities”.15

In Menopause Depression: Under Recognised and Poorly Treated – A New Approach for Menopausal Mental Health, Kulkarni, J. et al. note:

“As with other mental health areas, the person with lived experience must be a key driver and collaborator in determining what treatment approaches she wants. In the area of menopausal mental health, the woman experiencing hormone-created anxiety, depression, cognitive changes (known as ‘brain fog’) and physical health issues related to menopause needs to decide what her individualised care programme includes, based on well-informed options”.16

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Depression?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Depression?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. Anxiety Self-Help Guide
  2. Anxiety vs. Depression: Which Do I Have (or Is It Both)?
  3. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  4. Boost Your Mood With Mind-Nourishing Food
  5. Can Menopause Cause Depression?
  6. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for Menopausal Symptoms
  7. Common Mental Health Diagnoses Arising From or Coinciding With Menopausal Transition and Prescribing of SSRIs/SNRIs Medications and Other Psychotropic Medications
  8. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – NAMS 2023 Nonhormone Therapies Position Statement for Bothersome Menopause Symptoms
  9. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Healthcare Visit
  10. Depression
  11. Depression
  12. Depression in Women: 4 Things To Know
  13. Depression [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  14. Depression and the Menopause
  15. Depression: A Major Challenge of the Menopause Transition
  16. Do You Know Someone Who May Be Considering Suicide
  17. Does Menopause Hormone Therapy Improve Symptoms of Depression? Findings From A Specialized Menopause Clinic
  18. Does Menopause Really Cause Depression?
  19. Effects of Nutritional Interventions on the Severity of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms of Women In the Menopausal Transition and Menopause: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
  20. Emotional Well Being
  21. Emotional Wellness In Menopause
  22. Exercise for the Treatment of Depression
  23. Exercising Your Way Out of Depression
  24. Facebook Live Event: The Menopause Transition and Depression
  25. Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
  26. Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
  27. Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
  28. Finding A Mental Health Professional
  29. Getting Help [United Kingdom]
  30. Headtohealth.gov.au: Head To Health [Australia]
  31. HER Centre Australia
  32. How To Manage Menopausal Insomnia
  33. How To Talk To Your Doctor About Midlife Brain Fog
  34. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E17: Are Anxiety & Depression Destroying Your Life?
  35. Is Hormone Therapy A Key Strategy In Treating Menopausal Depression? [Video]
  36. Jayashri Kulkarni: Our Hormones and Our Minds [Podcast]
  37. Joint BMS FSRH RCGP RCOG SfE and RCN Women’s Health Forum Safety Alert
  38. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause
  39. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Early and Premature Menopause [+ Video: Menopause Only Happens In Your 50’s or Does It?] [Other Languages and Formats]
  40. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause and Your Mental Wellbeing [+ Video: Menopause Only Affects You Physically!] [Other Languages and Formats]
  41. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Signs and Symptoms of Menopause [+ Video: Talking Menopause With Your GP] [Other Languages and Formats]
  42. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Supporting Someone Through the Menopause [+ Video: Men Don’t Need To Know About Menopause] [Other Languages and Formats]
  43. Let’s Talk About Perimenopause
  44. Mastering Midlife Mood Changes With Marlene Freeman, MD
  45. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  46. Menopause
  47. Menopause Depression
  48. Menopause Depression Risk Has Been Exaggerated
  49. ‘Menopause Depression Nearly Killed Me’: Lynsey’s Life-Changing HRT Journey | This Morning
  50. Menopause Depression: Under Recognised and Poorly Treated [Kulkarni, J. et al]
  51. Menopause Depression: Under Recognized and Poorly Treated [By Professor Jayashri Kulkarniand Dr Louise Newson, on behalf of all authors on article]
  52. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
    Menopause Depression
  53. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Symptom Tracker
    Menopause Depression
  54. Menopause Mindfulness: Embracing the Change of My Midlife
  55. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  56. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  57. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
  58. Menopause Transition Does Not Increase Risk for Depressive Symptoms for All Women
  59. Menopause and Mental Health
  60. Menopause and Mental Health
  61. Menopause and Mental Health
  62. Menopause and Mind Health
  63. Menopause and Your Mental Wellbeing
  64. Menopause: Things You Can Do
  65. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  66. Mental Health Issues and Hormones: With Psychiatrist Dr Louisa James | The Dr Louise Newson Podcast
  67. Mental Health: Mental Health Self Help Guides
  68. Mood Changes During Perimenopause Are Real. Here’s What to Know.
  69. Mood and the Menopause
  70. Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
  71. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Depression
  72. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  73. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  74. National Institute of Mental Health: Depression
  75. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  76. Navigating Menopause: Could Better Support Reduce Depression Risk?
  77. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  78. “Not feeling like myself” in perimenopause — what does it mean? Observations From the Women Living Better Survey
  79. Perimenopause
  80. Perimenopause
  81. Perimenopause and Depression
  82. Perimenopause and Menopause Checklist: Translated Checklists
  83. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  84. Promoting Good Mental Health Over the Menopause Transition
  85. Self-Help Tool: Menopause and Mental Wellbeing
  86. Severe Mental Illness and the Perimenopause
  87. Supporting A Loved One Through Menopause
  88. Surprising Menopause Symptoms Revisited | Dr Louise Newson
  89. The Risk of Depression In the Menopausal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  90. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  91. Therapy Could Be Effective Treatment for Non-Physical Symptoms of Menopause
  92. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  93. Top Tips To Improve Your Mental Wellbeing
  94. Using Natural Therapies In the Menopause Transition – Webinar
  95. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: A Simple Approach To Menopause: The Menopause Quick Six (www.MQ6.ca)
  96. Webinars: Previous – Non-Hormonal Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  97. Webinars: Previous – Non-Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  98. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
  99. Why Depression In Women Is So Misunderstood
  100. Women and Mental Health

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Mood and Emotional Health – Anxiety and Depression. Last Updated: 19 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/managing-your-symptoms#managing-mood-and-emotional-health Accessed: 10 September 2024
  2. Depressive Disorder (Depression): Overview. 31 March 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Accessed: 10 September 2024
  3. Depression: What Is Depression? Last Reviewed: March 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml#part_145398 Accessed: 10 September 2024
  4. Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know. Revised: 2023. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-in-women Accessed: 10 September 2024
  5. Depression In Women: 4 Things To Know – 3. Certain Types of Depression Are Unique To Women. Revised: 2023. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-in-women Accessed: 10 September 2024
  6. Menopause Depression: Women, Menopause and Depression. HER Center Australia https://www.monash.edu/medicine/her-centre/education/resources/menopause-depression Accessed: 10 September 2024
  7. Menopause and Mental Health: Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause. Content Updated: February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 10 September 2024
  8. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Depression. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society Vol: 29, No. 7, pp 767-794. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/nams-2022-hormone-therapy-position-statement.pdf Accessed: 10 September 2024
  9. Managing Your Symptoms: Managing Mood and Emotional Health – Anxiety and Depression. Last Updated: 19 December 2023 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/managing-your-symptoms#managing-mood-and-emotional-health Accessed: 10 September 2024
  10. Mood and the Menopause. Content Updated: 09 February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/mood-and-the-menopause Accessed: 10 September 2024
  11. Menopause and Mental Health: Treatment Options for Mental Health Symptoms. Content Updated February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 10 September 2024
  12. Kulkarni, J. et al. Depression: A Major Challenge of the Menopause Transition – Abstract. October 2022 https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2022/october/feature-article/depression-major-challenge-menopause-transition Accessed: 10 September 2024
  13. Kulkarni, J. et al. Menopause Depression: Under Recognised and Poorly Treated – A New Approach for Menopausal Mental Health. 18 May 2024 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00048674241253944 Accessed: 10 September 2024
  14. Menopause and Mental Health: Untangling Physical and Mental Health Symptoms Related To Menopause. Content Updated: February 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-and-mental-health Accessed: 10 September 2024
  15. Menopause and Mind Health: When To See Your Doctor. Updated: May 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/resources/menopause-and-mind-health Accessed: 10 September 2024
  16. Kulkarni, J. et al. Menopause Depression: Under Recognised and Poorly Treated – A New Approach for Menopausal Mental Health. 18 May 2024 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00048674241253944 Accessed: 10 September 2024
Topic Last Updated: 10 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 10 September 2024

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