Vitamin D

“Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium
and phosphorus, which are needed for bone development
and strength. It’s also important for…”.1

Definition

What is vitamin D?

Depending on the Source (DotS) the definition of vitamin D may vary. The (United States) Office of Dietary Supplements’ (ODS) definition is:

“Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are needed for bone development and strength. It’s also important for cell growth, a healthy immune system, hormone function and nervous system regulation”.2

Role

What is the role of Vitamin D?

In Impportant Nutrients At Different Life Stages: Vitamin D according to the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH):

“Vitamin D has many roles within the body. The most understood role is its ability to help the body absorb calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D also assists with:

  • Bone development and strength
  • Cell growth
  • Maintaining a healthy immune system
  • Hormone function
  • Nervous system regulation

Apart from its important role in maintaining bone health, vitamin D may also have an important role in other diseases such as diabetes, cancer and infection. These are currently areas of intense research”.3

Sources of Vitamin D

What are sources of vitamin D?

In Vitamin D: What Foods Provide Vitamin D? the ODS explain:

“Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Fortified foods provide most of the vitamin D in the diets of people in the United States. Check the Nutrition Facts label for the amount of vitamin D in a food or beverage.

  • Almost all of the U.S. milk supply is fortified with about 3 mcg (120 IU) vitamin D per cup. Many plant-based alternatives such as soy milk, almond milk, and oat milk are similarly fortified. But foods made from milk, like cheese and ice cream, are usually not fortified
  • Vitamin D is added to many breakfast cereals and to some brands of orange juice, yogurt, margarine, and other food products
  • Fatty fish (like trout, salmon, tuna, and mackerel) and fish liver oils are among the best natural sources of vitamin D
  • Beef liver, egg yolks, and cheese have small amounts of vitamin D
  • Mushrooms provide a little vitamin D. Some mushrooms have been exposed to ultraviolet light to increase their vitamin D content”.4

Daily

How much vitamin D should women over 50, aim for daily?

DoY (Depending on You) and DotS this may vary. It can therefore be in your best interest to choose to check what’s-what for you.

Sun

What is the association between the sun and vitamin D?

The ODS explain:


“Your body makes vitamin D when your bare skin is exposed to the sun. Most people get at least some vitamin D this way. However, clouds, smog, old age, and having dark-colored skin reduce the amount of vitamin D your skin makes. Also, your skin does not make vitamin D from sunlight through a window.

Ultraviolet radiation from sunshine can cause skin cancer, so it’s important to limit how much time you spend in the sun. Although sunscreen limits vitamin D production, health experts recommend using sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or more when you’re out in the sun for more than a few minutes”.5

Calcium

What is the association between calcium and vitamin D?

On page one in Calcium and Calcium Supplements: Achieving the Right Balance – Calcium and Diet the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“To absorb calcium, your body also needs vitamin D. A few foods naturally contain small amounts of vitamin D, such as canned salmon with bones and egg yolks. You can also get vitamin D from fortified foods and sun exposure”.6

Vitamin D Supplements

What do the authors conclude about vitamin D supplements Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice?

In The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance, published 01 May 2024, the authors conclude:

“The WHI evidence does not support routine supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D for menopausal women to prevent fractures or a low-fat diet with increased fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast or colorectal cancer”.7

Health Care Provider

What if I think I need to take a vitamin D supplement?

If you think you need to take a vitamin D supplement, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Healthy Bones: How To Maintain Bone Health – Vitamin D the JH explain:

“It’s hard to get the right amount of vitamin D from diet alone, so if your vitamin D levels are low, talk to your doctor about taking supplements”.8

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Vitamin D?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Vitamin D?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. ACOG Explains: Managing Menopause Symptoms [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists] [October 2023]
  2. BMS TV: Menopause Explained
  3. BMS TV: Osteoporosis
  4. Vitamin DBonetalk.org [Bone Talk, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  5. Buildbetterbones.org [International Osteoporosis Foundation]
  6. Calcium
  7. Calcium Supplements
  8. Calcium and Vitamin D: How Much Vitamin D Do You Need?
  9. Calcium and Vitamin D: Important At Every Age
  10. Calcium and Vitamin D: Important At Every Age – Recommended Calcium Intakes
  11. Vitamin DCalcium and Vitamin D: Important At Every Age – Selected Calcium-Rich Foods
  12. Calcium/Vitamin D: Sources of Vitamin D
  13. Calcium/Vitamin D: What Is Vitamin D and What Does It Do?
  14. Can Vitamin D Supplements Prevent Autoimmune Disease?
  15. Cracking the Calcium Code To Understand Its Role In Health [15 April 2024]
  16. D-Pleted – The Vitamin Many of Us Are Low on
  17. Dietary Supplements
  18. EMAS Position Statement: Vitamin D and Menopausal Health [European Menopause and Andropause Society]
  19. Endocrine Society Guideline Recommends Healthy Adults Under the Age of 75 Take the Recommended Daily Allowance of Vitamin D
  20. FDA 101: Dietary Supplements
  21. Five Dietary Tweaks for Women Over 50: From Two Food Experts
  22. Get the Facts on Calcium and Vitamin D
  23. HRT & Menopause Extra
  24. Healthy Bones
  25. Healthy Living & Bone Health
  26. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) With Dr Nicky Peel & Prof. David Armstrong
  27. How Menopause Impacts Your Health: Bone Health
  28. How Much Calcium Do You Really Need?
  29. Important Nutrients At Different Life Stages
  30. Information for Consumers on Using Dietary Supplements
  31. Looking After Yourself
  32. May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month!
    Vitamin D
  33. Mayo Clinic Minute: Do You Need More Vitamin D In the Winter? [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  34. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  35. Menopause
  36. Menopause
  37. Menopause
  38. Menopause
  39. Menopause Patient Information: 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  40. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  41. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
  42. Menopause, Perimenopause, Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments With Madelyn Butler, MD [Podcast]
  43. Menopause: Things You Can Do
  44. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  45. My Dietary Supplement and Medicine Record
  46. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  47. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact
  48. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Natural Doesn’t Necessarily Mean Safer, or Better
  49. National Osteoporosis Foundation
  50. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  51. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  52. Nutrition In Menopause
  53. Office of Dietary Supplements: Calcium
  54. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin D
  55. Osteoporosis and Osteopaenia
  56. Pathtogoodbonehealth.org [Your Path To Good Bone Health, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  57. Should Vitamin D Supplements Be Prescribed Routinely for Midlife Women?
  58. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  59. Therapy for the Effects of Menopause
  60. Top Health Checks for Women
  61. Updates on Exercise and Lifestyle Tips for Bone Strength with Joanne Fagerstrom, PT CFP
  62. VITAL: The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL – Large Trial Investigates Whether Vitamin D and Omega-3s Can Reduce Risk of CVD and Cancer and Effects on Diabetes, Bone Health, and Other Conditions
  63. Video Series-2023: Premature and Early Menopause [13 December 2023]
  64. Video Series-2024: Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  65. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Preventing Bone Loss At Menopause
  66. Vitamin D
  67. Vitamin D
  68. Vitamin D
  69. Vitamin D Deficiency
  70. Vitamin D Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
  71. Vitamin D Is Good for the Bones, But What About the Heart?
  72. Vitamin D Supplements: Not A Quick Fix for Heart Disease
  73. Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention
  74. Vitamin D and Sun Protection
  75. Vitamin D and Your Health: Breaking Old Rules, Raising New Hopes
  76. Vitamin D: What Foods Provide Vitamin D?
  77. Vitamin D: When Enough Is Enough?
  78. Vitamins and Minerals: Vitamin D
  79. Webinars: Previous – Approach To Bone Health In the Perimenopause and Postmenopause?
  80. What Is A Bone Density Test (DXA Scan)
  81. What Is Osteoporosis and What Causes It?
  82. World Osteoporosis Day October 20

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted:

Sources

  1. Important Nutrients At Different Life Stages: Vitamin D. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 24 January 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/healthy-living/important-nutrients-at-different-life-stages#vitamin-d Accessed: 02 May 2024
  2. Vitamin D: What Is Vitamin D and What Does It Do? Updated: 08 November 2022. Office of Dietary Supplements https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/ Accessed: 02 May 2024
  3. Important Nutrients At Different Life Stages: Vitamin D. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 24 January 2024. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/healthy-living/important-nutrients-at-different-life-stages#vitamin-d Accessed: 02 May 2024
  4. Vitamin D: What Foods Provide Vitamin D? Updated: 08 November 2022. Office of Dietary Supplements https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-QuickFacts/#h6 Accessed: 02 May 2024
  5. Vitamin D: Can I Get Vitamin D From the Sun? Updated: 08 November 2022. Office of Dietary Supplements https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/ Accessed: 02 May 2024
  6. Calcium and Calcium Supplements: Achieving the Right Balance – Calcium and Diet. 01 November 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium-supplements/art-20047097 Accessed: 02 May 2024
  7. Manson, J.A, E. Crandall, C. J., Rossouw, J. E. et al. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: Abstract – Conclusions and Relevance. 01 May 2024 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/ Accessed: 02 May 2024
  8. Healthy Bones: How To Maintain Bone Health – Vitamin D. Last Updated: 22 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 11 October 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/bone-health/healthy-bones Accessed: 02 May 2024
Topic Last Updated: 04 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 02 May 2024

/by

Skin Cancer

“Cancers of the skin (most of which are
basal and squamous cell skin cancers)
are by far the most common of all types of cancer…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Skin Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma/Skin Cancer
  • Melanoma
  • Nonmelanoma/Non Melanoma/Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
  • Skin Cancer
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma/Skin Cancer

Definition

What is skin cancer?

DotS the definition of skin cancer may vary. The (United States) National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) definition is:

  • “Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the skin”.2

Types

What are some types of skin cancer?

DotS these may include:

  • Melanoma
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

What is melanoma?

DotS the definition of melanoma vary. The NCI’s definition is:

“Melanoma. A form of cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin). It may begin in a mole (skin melanoma), but can also begin in other pigmented tissues, such as in the eye or in the intestines”.3

How common is melanoma?

In the United States according to the American Cancer Society (ACS):

“The American Cancer Society’s estimates for melanoma in the United States for 2023 are:

  • About 97,610 new melanomas will be diagnosed (about 58,120 in men and 39,490 in women)”.4

In the United Kingdom (UK) according to Cancer Research UK:

“Around 16,700 people are diagnosed with melanoma in the UK each year. The number of people diagnosed with melanoma has increased over the last few decades

Melanoma is the 5th most common cancer in the UK”.5

Basal Cell Carcinoma

What is basal cell carcinoma?

DotS the definition of basal cell carcinoma may vary. The NCI’s definition is:

“Basal Cell Carcinoma
Cancer that begins in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin). It may appear as a small white or flesh-colored bump that grows slowly and may bleed. Basal cell carcinomas are usually found on areas of the body exposed to the sun. Basal cell carcinomas rarely metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. They are the most common form of skin cancer. Also called basal cell cancer”.6

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

DotS the definition of squamous cell carcinoma may vary. The NCI’s definition is:

“Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cancer that begins in squamous cells. Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that look like fish scales, and are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Most cancers of the anus, cervix, head and neck, and vagina are squamous cell carcinomas. Also called epidermoid carcinoma”.7

How common are basal and squamous cell carcinoma?

In the U.S. according to the ACS:

“Cancers of the skin (most of which are basal and squamous cell skin cancers) are by far the most common of all types of cancer in the United States. According to one estimate, about 5.4 million basal and squamous cell skin cancers are diagnosed each year in the US (occurring in about 3.3 million people, as some people have more than one). About 8 out of 10 of these are basal cell cancers. Squamous cell cancers occur less often”.8

In the United Kingdom (UK) according to Cancer Research UK:

“Around 156,000 cases of non melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed in the UK each year. The number could be higher as we know that they are under reported. This makes it the most common type of cancer by far. Because non melanoma skin cancers are easy to treat and cure, they’re often left out of national cancer statistics”.9

Cause

What may cause skin cancer?

In How Does the Sun and UV Cause Cancer? How Does UV Cause Skin Cancer? Cancer Research UK elaborate on:

“Too much UV radiation from the sun or sunbeds can damage the DNA in our skin cells. DNA tells our cells how to function. If enough DNA damage builds up over time, it can cause cells to grow out of control, which can lead to skin cancer”.10

Early Detection

What skin changes may be cancer?

In Skin Cancer: Skin Cancer Signs and Symptoms the Cancer Council Australia note:

“

  • Any crusty, non-healing sores
  • Small lumps that are red, pale or pearly in colour
  • New spots, freckles or any moles changing in colour, thickness or shape over a period of weeks to months”.11

In Find Skin Cancer: How To Perform A Skin Self-Exam. the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) explain:

“You can detect skin cancer early by following dermatologists’ tips for checking your skin. Download the AAD’s body mole map to document your self-examination, or the How to SPOT Skin Cancer™ infographic and know what to look for when checking your spots”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I have some skin changes, including down there?

If you have some skin changes – anywhere, including “down there” – it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this as soon as possible.

In Find Skin Cancer: How To Perform A Skin Self-Exam the AAD also note:

“If you notice a spot that is different from others, or that changes, itches or bleeds, you should make an appointment to see a dermatologist”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Skin Cancer?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Skin Cancer?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. A To Z of Skin
  2. About Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer
  3. American Academy of Dermatology
  4. Back To Basics: Understanding the World’s Most Common Cancer
  5. Basal Cell Skin Cancer
  6. Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer
  7. Be Safe In the Sun
  8. Be Sun Savvy, Protect Yourself From Skin Cancer
  9. Check Moles During Skin Cancer Awareness Month
  10. Find Skin Cancer: How To Perform A Skin Self-Exam [+ Video]
  11. Getting Diagnosed
  12. How Can I Tell If I Have Skin Cancer?
  13. How Do Sunbeds Cause Cancer?
  14. How Does the Sun and UV Cause Skin Cancer?
  15. How To Do A Skin Self-Exam
  16. How To Prevent Skin Cancer
  17. Infographic: Skin Cancer
  18. Is Sunscreen Bad for You?
  19. Knowing Your Risk for Skin Cancer May Limit Unhealthy Behaviors
  20. May Is Skin Cancer Awareness Month [United States]
  21. May Is Skin Cancer Awareness Month [United States]
    Skin Cancer
  22. Mayo Clinic Minute: 3 Types of Skin Cancer [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  23. Mayo Clinic Minute: Common Types of Skin Cancer
  24. Mayo Clinic Minute: Learning the ABCDEs of Melanoma [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  25. Mayo Clinic Minute: Melanoma Misconception — Dark Skin Tones At Risk, Too [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  26. Mayo Clinic Minute: Sunscreen Has A Shelf Life and Other Facts To Know [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  27. Mayo Clinic Minute: Treating Skin Cancer With Mohs Surgery [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  28. Mayo Clinic Minute: Who Should Be Screened for Skin Cancer? [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  29. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Bleeding Moles and Skin Checks
  30. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Screening for Skin Cancer: Who Is At Risk?
  31. Melanoma
  32. Melanoma Skin Cancer
  33. Melanoma Skin Cancer
  34. Melanoma Skin Cancer [Topics]
  35. Melanoma Skin Cancer: Symptoms
  36. Merkel Cell Skin Cancer
  37. Moles: Mole Self-Assessment
  38. National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention [United States]
  39. Protect Your Skin During Heat Waves — Here’s How
  40. Removing Skin Cancer With Mohs Surgery
  41. Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
  42. Science In 5: Episode #111 – Sun and Skin Cancer
  43. Skin Cancer
  44. Skin Cancer
  45. Skin Cancer
  46. Skin Cancer
  47. Skin Cancer
  48. Skin Cancer
  49. Skin Cancer
  50. Skin Cancer (Melanoma)
  51. Skin Cancer (Melanoma) – ABCDE of Moles [Slide Show]
  52. Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma)
  53. Skin Cancer 101
  54. Skin Cancer 101: What Is Skin Cancer? [+ Images]
  55. Skin Cancer Diagnosis
  56. Skin Cancer Diagnosis Highlights Importance of Annual Checks
  57. Skin Cancer Prevention
  58. Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ)–Patient Version
  59. Skin Cancer Prevention and Early Detection
  60. Skin Cancer Screening (PDQ)–Patient Version
  61. Skin Cancer Survivors: How To Stay Safe In the Sunshine
  62. Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version
  63. Skin Cancer Videos
  64. Skin Cancer: Everyone’s At Risk
  65. Skin Cancer: Reducing Risk for Skin Cancer
  66. Skin Cancer: Skin Cancer Basics
  67. Skin Cancer: Skin Cancer Risk Factors
  68. Skin Cancer: Sun Safety Facts
  69. Skin Cancer: Symptoms of Skin Cancer
  70. Skin Cancer: What Is Skin Cancer?
  71. Skin Care and Aging: Skin Cancer
  72. Sun Safety Facts
  73. Sun, UV and Cancer
  74. Sunburn Treatment: What Works?
  75. Sunscreen and Sun Safety
  76. Sunscreen: How To Help Protect Your Skin From the Sun
  77. Tanning, Fake Tan and Melanotan
  78. The Difference Between Mineral and Chemical Sunscreens
  79. The Risks of Tanning
  80. Tips To Stay Safe in the Sun: From Sunscreen To Sunglasses
  81. Types of Skin Cancer
  82. UV (Ultraviolet) Radiation and Cancer Risk
  83. Ultraviolet Radiation
  84. Video: Skin Cancer – How Skin Cancer Develops
  85. Vitamin D and Sun Safety
  86. Vulvar Cancer
  87. What Does A Mole Look Like? [+ Photos of Moles]
  88. What Does Melanoma Look Like? [+ Photos of Melanomas]
  89. What To Look for: ABCDEs of Melanoma
  90. What You Need To Know About Skin Cancer
  91. Why Do I Get White Spots on My Skin From the Sun?
  92. Why Experts Say To Avoid Beer Tanning

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. About Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer: Key Statistics for Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers. Last Revised: 31 October 2023. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 01 May 2024
  2. Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ)–Patient Version: General Information About Skin Cancer – Key Points. Updated: 23 October 2023. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-prevention-pdq#section/_4 Accessed: 01 May 2024
  3. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: Melanoma. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/M Accessed: 01 May 2024
  4. About Melanoma Skin Cancer: Key Statistics for Melanoma Skin Cancer – How Common Is Melanoma? Last Revised: 31 October 2023. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 01 May 2024
  5. Melanoma Skin Cancer: What Is Melanoma Skin Cancer? How Common Is Melanoma Skin Cancer? Last Reviewed: 02 February 2024. Cancer Research UK https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/melanoma/about Accessed: 01 May 2024
  6. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: Basal Cell Carcinoma. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/B Accessed: 01 May 2024
  7. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/S Accessed: 01 May 2024
  8. About Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer: Key Statistics for Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers. Last Revised: 31 October 2023. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 01 May 2024
  9. Skin Cancer: What Is Skin Cancer? – How Common Is Skin Cancer? Last Reviewed: 16 December 2022. Cancer Research UK https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/about-skin-cancer Accessed: 01 May 2024
  10. How Does the Sun and UV Cause Cancer? How Does UV Cause Skin Cancer? Last Reviewed: 30 November 2023. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/sun-uv-and-cancer/how-the-sun-and-uv-cause-cancer Accessed: 01 May 2024
  11. Skin Cancer: Skin Cancer Signs and Symptoms. Cancer Council Australia https://cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer Accessed: 11 August 2024
  12. Find Skin Cancer: How To Perform A Skin Self-Exam. Last Updated: 15 May 2023. American Academy of Dermatology https://www.aad.org/public/spot-skin-cancer/learn-about-skin-cancer/detect Accessed: 01 May 2024
  13. Find Skin Cancer: How To Perform A Skin Self-Exam. Last Updated: 15 May 2023. American Academy of Dermatology https://www.aad.org/public/spot-skin-cancer/learn-about-skin-cancer/detect Accessed: 01 May 2024
Topic Last Updated: 25 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 May 2024

/by

Healthy Bones

“Talk to your healthcare provider about your risk of
osteoporosis and what you can do to help keep
your bones strong, especially with good nutrition and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Healthy Bones Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Bone Health
  • Healthy Bones

Bone Health

What is bone health?

On page two in Bone Health: What Do We Mean By “Bone Health”? the International Menopause Society’s (IMS) Patient Information Leaflet: Update on Bone Health for World Menopause Day (2021), the IMS explain:

Healthy Bones“In healthy bone, up to the menopause, the production of new bone happens more than the removal of old bone, but the opposite happens after menopause. After your last menstrual period, your ovaries stop the production of the hormone estrogen. This leads to increased removal of bone which results in decreased bone strength. Age-related changes also lead to increased removal of bone”.2

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and loss of bone mass?

On page five in the May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month! Share on Social Media: Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month Social Media Toolkit – PDF Version the Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation explain:

“Women can lose up to 20% of bone mass in the first 5-7 years post-menopause”.3

May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month

Menopause Bone Health

After menopause what is best way to take care of our bone health?

In Healthy Bones: Bone Health After Menopause the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) note:

“The best way to take care of your bones after menopause is to:

  • Have a healthy lifestyle
  • Have the recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D
  • Do regular weight-bearing exercise
  • Have regular bone health checks”.4

Calcium Bank

How do our bones act like a calcium bank?

In Calcium & Bone Health: Why Is Calcium Important? Healthy Bones Australia elaborate on:

“Bones act like a calcium bank. If there is not enough calcium in your diet, the body will take what is needed from your bones for use in other parts of the body. If this happens, your bone density (bone strength) will gradually decline, and you may be at risk of developing osteoporosis”.5

Osteoporosis

Is osteoporosis a normal part of aging?

No. In Prevention: Healthy Bones: Build Them for Life the (United States) Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation explain:

“Osteoporosis and the broken bones it can cause are not part of normal aging. There is a lot you can do to protect your bones throughout your life. You’re never too young or too old to improve the health of your bones. Osteoporosis prevention should begin in childhood. But it shouldn’t stop there. Whatever your age, the habits you adopt now can affect your bone health for the rest of your life. Now is the time to take action”.6

The 5 Steps

What are the 5 steps to healthy bones and a fracture-free future?

In About Osteoporosis: The 5 Steps To Healthy Bones and A Fracture-Free Future the International Osteoporosis Foundation elaborate on:

The 5 Steps To Healthy Bones and A Fracture-Free Future

  1. Healthy Bones“Exercise…
    Exercise regularly – keep your bones and muscles moving…
  2. Nutrition…
    Ensure your diet is rich in bone-healthy nutrients…
  3. Lifestyle…
    Avoid negative lifestyle habits…
  4. Risk Factors…
    Find out whether you have risk factors…
  5. Testing & Treatment…
    Get tested and treated if needed…”.7

Exercise

What is the best exercise for our bones?

In Exercise for Your Bone Health: Which Exercises Are Best for Keeping Bones Healthy? the (United States National Institutes of Health) NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center elaborate on:

Healthy Bones“A combination of these types of exercise is best for building and maintaining healthy bones and preventing falls and fractures:

  • Weight-bearing exercises…
  • Resistance training exercises (weight lifting)…
  • Balance training…”.8

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with healthy bones?

If you would like help with healthy bones, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. What can I do to prevent osteoporosis? the North American Menopause Society elaborate on:

“A. …Talk to your healthcare provider about your risk of osteoporosis and what you can do to help keep your bones strong, especially with good nutrition and exercise”.9

The NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center caution:

“If you have low bone density (a condition sometimes called osteopenia), osteoporosis, or other physical limitations, talk to a health care provider before starting an exercise program. They can help you choose types of physical activity that are safe for you and good for your bone health”.10

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Healthy Bones?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Healthy Bones?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. About Osteoporosis
  2. BMS TV: Osteoporosis
  3. Bone Density Test
  4. Bone Health
  5. Bone Health Checklist
  6. Bone Health In Menopause
  7. Bone Health and Osteoporosis
  8. Bone Health and Postmenopausal Women
  9. Bone Health for All
  10. Bone Health: How To Feed Your Skeleton With Julia Zumpano, RD
  11. Bone Health: Tips To Keep Your Bones Healthy
  12. Bone Mineral Density Tests: What the Numbers Mean
  13. Bonehealth.org.au [Bone Health Foundation, Australia]
  14. Bonehealthandosteoporosis.org [Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  15. Bones and Beyond: The Benefits of Self-Care for Both Body and Mind
  16. Bones, Joints and Muscles [Topics]
  17. Bonetalk.org [Bone Talk, Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  18. Buildbetterbones.org [International Osteoporosis Foundation]
  19. Calcium
  20. Healthy BonesCalcium & Bone Health
  21. Calcium and Vitamin D
  22. Calcium, Vitamin D, and Your Bones
  23. Collagen Supplements May Help Improve the Health of Your Tendons and Bones
  24. D-pleted – The Vitamin Many of Us Are Low On
  25. EMAS Position Statement: Vitamin D and Menopausal Health
  26. Essential Nutrients Your Body Needs for Building Bone
  27. Evaluation of Bone Health/Bone Density Testing
  28. Exercise & Bone Health
  29. Exercise To Stay Healthy
  30. Exercise and Physical Activity for Osteoporosis and Bone Health
  31. Exercise for Bones
  32. Exercise for Your Bone Health
  33. Exercise/Safe Movement
  34. Exercise: Exercises for Healthy Bones
  35. Food for Your Bones: How To Follow the Osteoporosis Diet
  36. Frequently Asked Questions
  37. General Facts – Bone Health Basics: Get the Facts [Video: Osteoporosis Is A Silent Disease]
  38. Get the Facts on Calcium and Vitamin D
  39. HRT & Menopause Extra
  40. Healthy Body: Food for Healthy Bones
  41. Healthy Bones
  42. Healthy Bones Matter
  43. Healthy Living & Bone Health
  44. Healthybonesaustralia.org.au [Healthy Bones Australia]
  45. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) with Dr Nicky Peel & Prof. David Armstrong
  46. How Does Aging Affect Your Bones?
  47. How Extreme Dieting Can Affect Bone Health
  48. How Menopause Impacts Your Health
  49. How To Prevent Osteoporosis After Menopause
  50. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause: Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
  51. ‘If You Don’t Exercise, You Break’: Physical Activity Key In Osteoporosis Intervention
  52. International Osteoporosis Foundation
  53. Knowyourbones.org.au: “Check Your Bone Health Now!”
  54. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health [Other Languages and Formats]
  55. May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month
    Healthy Bones
  56. Mayo Clinic Minute: Why Skipping Breakfast Can Be Bad for Your Heart [+ Video]
  57. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Osteoporosis and Supplements for Bone Health
  58. Medicines for Prevention and Treatment
  59. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools – Questions for Your Health Care Provider
  60. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  61. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  62. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Lifestyle Tips for Menopause
  63. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  64. National Osteoporosis Foundation [United States]
  65. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  66. Nutrients: Bone Healthy Ingredients
  67. Nutrition and Healthy Living
  68. Nutrition: Food and Your Bones – Osteoporosis Nutrition Guidelines
  69. Office of Dietary Supplements: Calcium
  70. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin A
  71. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin D
  72. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin K
  73. Osteopenia
  74. Osteoporosis
  75. Osteoporosis
  76. Osteoporosis Treatment
  77. Osteoporosis and Osteopaenia
  78. Osteoporosis: Bone Health Following Menopause
  79. Pathtogoodbonehealth.org [Your Path To Good Bone Health, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  80. Perimenopause, Menopause and … Weightlifting? Expert Explains Value for Bone Health
  81. Preventing Osteoporosis: Questions for the Doctor
  82. Prevention: What Can You Do To Protect Your Bones? [+ Video: Protecting Yourself From Fractures]
  83. Prunes Preserve Cortical Density and Estimated Strength of the Tibia In A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial In Postmenopausal Women: The Prune Study
  84. Q&A: Nutrition | #BoneMatters
  85. Risk Assessment: FRAX
  86. Stronger Than Sticks and Stones: Promoting Women’s Bone Health Through Preventive Care
  87. The Best Exercises for Your Bones
  88. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  89. Updates on Exercise and Lifestyle Tips for Bone Strength with Joanne Fagerstrom, PT CFP
  90. Video Series-2023: Premature and Early Menopause
  91. Video Series-2024: Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  92. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Preventing Bone Loss At Menopause
  93. Vitamin D & Bone Health
  94. Webinars: Previous – Approach To Bone Health In the Perimenopause and Postmenopause?
  95. What Is A Bone Density Test (DXA Scan)
  96. What Is Osteoporosis and What Causes It? [+ Video: What Is Osteoporosis?]
  97. What Is Osteoporosis?
  98. What To Know About Smoking and Osteoporosis
  99. Women’s Bone Health: The Importance of Caring for Your Bones Early and Often
  100. World Osteoporosis Day [20 October]
    Healthy Bones

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. What Can I Do To Prevent Osteoporosis? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 30 April 2024
  2. Bone Health: What Do We Mean By “Bone Health”? September 2021:2. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WMD-2021-English-leaflet.pdf Accessed: 30 April 2024
  3. Menopause and Bone Loss. 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause-and-bone-loss Accessed: 30 April 2024
  4. Healthy Bones: Bone Health After Menopause. Last Updated: 22 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 11 October 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/bone-health/calcium Accessed: 30 April 2024
  5. Calcium & Bone Health: Why Is Calcium Important? Healthy Bones Australia https://healthybonesaustralia.org.au/your-bone-health/calcium/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  6. Prevention: Healthy Bones: Build Them for Life. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/prevention/preventing-fractures/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  7. The 5 Steps To Healthy Bones and A Fracture-Free Future. International Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.worldosteoporosisday.org/about-osteoporosis Accessed: 30 April 2024
  8. Exercise for Your Bone Health: Which Exercises Are Best for Keeping Bones Healthy? Last Reviewed: May 2023. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health Accessed: 30 April 2024
  9. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. What can I do to prevent osteoporosis? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 30 April 2024
  10. Exercise for Your Bone Health: Which Exercises Are Best for Keeping Bones Healthy? Last Reviewed: May 2023. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health Accessed: 30 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 07 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 30 April 2024

/by

Osteoporosis

“People used to think that osteoporosis was an
inevitable part of aging. Today we know a lot more about
how to prevent, detect, and treat the disease”.1

Umbrella

What may the Osteoporosis Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Low Bone Density/Mass
  • Osteoporosis
  • Porous Bones

Osteopenia

What is osteopenia?

DotS the definition of osteopenia may vary. In Osteopenia the authors’ definition is:

“Osteopenia describes a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) below normal reference values, yet not low enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis”.2

Osteoporosis

What is osteoporosis?

DotS the definition of osteoporosis may vary. The International Osteoporosis Foundation’s (IOF) definition is:

“Osteoporosis literally means ‘porous bone’. It is a condition where bones become thin and lose their strength, as they become less dense and their quality is reduced. This can lead to broken bones, which cause pain, disability, and make everyday activities extremely difficult”.3

Women

Why are women more likely to get osteoporosis than men?

In What Women Need To Know the (United States) Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation (BHOF) note:

“There are multiple reasons why women are more likely to get osteoporosis than men, including:

  • Women tend to have smaller, thinner bones than men
  • Estrogen, a hormone in women that protects bones, decreases sharply when women reach menopause, which can cause bone loss. This is why the chance of developing osteoporosis increases as women reach menopause”.4

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and bone loss?

In What Women Need To Know: Menopause: A Time for Action the BHOF elaborate on:

“When a woman reaches menopause, her estrogen levels drop and can lead to bone loss. For some women, this bone loss is rapid and severe.

Two major factors that affect your chance of getting osteoporosis are:

  • The amount of bone you have when you reach menopause. The greater your bone density is to begin with, the lower your chance of developing osteoporosis. If you had low peak bone mass or other risk factors that caused you to lose bone, your chance of getting osteoporosis is greater.
  • How fast you lose bone after you reach menopause. For some women, bone loss happens faster than for others. In fact, a woman can lose up to 20% of her bone density during the five – seven years following menopause. If you lose bone quickly, you have a greater chance of developing osteoporosis”.5

Common or Not

How common is osteoporosis?

In the United States, according to the BHOF:

“About 54 million Americans have osteoporosis and low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for osteoporosis. Studies suggest that approximately one in two women and up to one in four men age 50 and older will break a bone due to osteoporosis”.6

In the United Kingdom (UK), according to the Royal Osteoporosis Society:

“Over three and a half million people in the UK are living with osteoporosis”.7

Women

How many women have osteoporosis?

In the United States, the BHOF explain:


Osteoporosis

  • “Of the estimated 10 million Americans with osteoporosis, about eight million or 80% are women”.8

Silent Disease

Why is osteoporosis called the ‘silent disease’?

In What Is Osteoporosis? About Osteoporosis the IOF explain:

“Osteoporosis is often called the ‘silent disease’ because most people don’t know they have osteoporosis until they suffer a broken bone from a minor fall or bump – something that would not normally have caused such a drastic injury. In fact, even after breaking a bone, around 80% of patients are still not diagnosed and treated for osteoporosis, the underlying disease which has caused the fracture”.9

In What Is Osteoporosis and What Causes It? Osteoporosis Can Sneak Up on You the BHOF also note:

“Osteoporosis is often called a silent disease because one can’t feel bones weakening. Breaking a bone is often the first sign of osteoporosis or a patient may notice that he or she is getting shorter or their upper back is curving forward. If you are experiencing height loss or your spine is curving, be sure to consult your doctor or healthcare professional immediately”.10

Risk Factors

How may we become aware of any potential risk factors?

In About Osteoporosis: Have Risk Factors? Talk To Your Doctor, Ask for Testing the IOF note:

“To become aware of any potential risk factors, take the IOF Osteoporosis Risk Check”.11

Osteoporosis

Diagnosis

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

In Diagnosis the IOF explain:

“If you have risk factors for osteoporosis it is important that you ask your doctor for a bone health assessment.

As part of your bone health ‘check-up’ your doctor should take a complete medical history that includes information on any recent fractures. As well your doctor will likely estimate your future risk by using a fracture risk assessment tool such as FRAX®.

Depending on the results of your fracture risk assessment, a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test may be recommended. In some countries (e.g. U.S.A.), BMD testing is recommended for all women and men at age 65, regardless of whether they have risk factors”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I think I may be at risk for osteoporosis?

If you think you may be at risk for osteoporosis, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In About Osteoporosis: Have Risk Factors? Talk To Your Doctor, Ask for Testing the IOF note:

“If you are over the age of 50 and you have one or more risk factors you should discuss these with your doctor and ask for an assessment of your bone health status. Lifestyle changes may be recommended and, for those at high risk, medication may be prescribed for optimal protection against fractures”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Osteoporosis?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Osteoporosis?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. A Guide To Calcium-Rich Foods
  2. About Osteoporosis
  3. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  4. BMS TV: Osteoporosis
  5. Bone Density Scan (DEXA Scan)
  6. Bone Density Test
  7. Bone Health
  8. Bone Health
  9. Bone Health During Menopause | Dr Louise Newson
  10. Bone Health and Osteoporosis
  11. Bonehealth.org.au [Bone Health Foundation, Australia]
  12. Bonehealthandosteoporosis.org [Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
  13. Bones and Beyond: The Benefits of Self-Care for Both Body and Mind
  14. Bones, Joints and Muscles [Topics]
  15. Bonetalk.org [Bone Talk, United States]
  16. Build Better Bones.org [International Osteoporosis Foundation]
  17. CAMS Menopause Hour: The Clinical Management and Risk of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis [Council of Affiliated Menopause Societies]
  18. Calcium Content of Common Foods
  19. Calcium and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
  20. Calcium and Vitamin D
  21. Can Calcium Supplements Prevent Osteoporosis?
  22. Communication With Your Doctor and Healthcare Team
  23. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2023 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Premature and Early Menopause
  24. Consumer Video and Podcast Series: 2024 Consumer Videos and Podcasts – Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  25. D-pleted – The Vitamin Many of Us Are Low On
  26. Evaluation of Bone Health/Bone Density Testing
  27. Exercise To Stay Healthy
  28. Exercise for Bones
  29. Exercise for Your Bone Health
  30. Exercising With Osteoporosis: Stay Active the Safe Way
  31. Evaluation of Bone Health/Bone Density Testing
  32. Fact Sheets
  33. Food for Healthy Bones
  34. Frequently Asked Questions
  35. General Facts – Bone Health Basics: Get the Facts [+ Video: Osteoporosis Is A Silent Killer]
  36. Get A Bone Density Test
  37. Get the Facts on Calcium and Vitamin D
  38. HRT & Menopause Extra
  39. Health After Menopause: Bone Health & Osteoporosis
  40. Healthybonesaustralia.org.au [Healthy Bones Australia]
  41. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) With Dr Nicky Peel & Prof. David Armstrong
  42. How To Prevent Osteoporosis After Menopause
  43. ‘If You Don’t Exercise, You Break’: Physical Activity Key In Osteoporosis Intervention
  44. Knowyourbones.org.au: “Check Your Bone Health Now!”
  45. Management of Osteoporosis In Postmenopausal Women: The 2021 Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society
  46. May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month!
  47. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Osteoporosis and A Bone-Healthy Diet
  48. Medicines for Prevention and Treatment
  49. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 4. The Different Types of HRT
  50. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  51. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  52. Menopause and Bone Loss
  53. Menopause: Things You Can Do
  54. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  55. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center [National Institutes of Health, United States]
  56. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [United States]: Bone Health
  57. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [United States]: Osteoporosis
  58. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  59. Nutrition In Menopause
  60. Nutrition: Food and Your Bones – Osteoporosis Nutrition Guidelines
  61. Office of Dietary Supplements: Calcium
  62. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin D
  63. Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: What’s the Difference?
  64. Osteopedia [Glossary of Terms]
  65. Osteopenia
  66. Osteoporosis
  67. Osteoporosis
  68. Osteoporosis
  69. Osteoporosis
  70. Osteoporosis
  71. Osteoporosis Treatment
  72. Osteoporosis Treatment: Medications Can Help
  73. Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
  74. Osteoporosis – Multiply Languages
  75. Osteoporosis.Risk.Check.
  76. Osteoporosis.foundation [International Osteoporosis Foundation]
  77. Overall Health: Emotional Aspects of Osteoporosis
  78. Overall Health: Managing Your Pain
  79. Pathtogoodbonehealth.org [Your Path To Good Bone Health, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, United States]
    Osteoporosis
  80. Preventing Osteoporosis: Questions for the Doctor
  81. Prevention
  82. Prunes Preserve Cortical Density and Estimated Strength of the Tibia In A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial In Postmenopausal Women: The Prune Study
  83. Q&A: Nutrition
  84. Screening for Osteoporosis
  85. Staying Healthy During and After Menopause
  86. “Stronger Than Sarcopenia” Live Event: Understanding High Blood Pressure and Sarcopenia Among Older Americans
  87. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  88. Theros.org.uk [Royal Osteoporosis Society, United Kingdom]
  89. Treatment
  90. Treatment for Osteoporosis
  91. Updates on Exercise and Lifestyle Tips for Bone Strength With Joanne Fagerstrom, PT CFP
  92. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Preventing Bone Loss At Menopause
  93. Vitamin D
  94. Webinars: Previous – Approach To Bone Health In the Perimenopause and Postmenopause?
  95. What Is A Bone Density Test (DXA Scan) [+ Video: Testing & Diagnosis)
  96. What Is Osteoporosis and What Causes It? [+ Video: What is Osteoporosis?]
  97. What Is Osteoporosis?
  98. What Women Need To Know
  99. What’s the Connection Between Estrogen and Osteoporosis?
  100. Worldosteoporosisday.org [World Osteoporosis Day, October 20]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. What Women Need To Know: Now the Good News. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/prevention/general-facts/what-women-need-to-know/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  2. Varacallo, M., Seaman, T. J., Jagmohan S., Jandu, J. S., Pizzutillo, P. Osteopenia. Last Update: 04 August 2023 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499878/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  3. What Is Osteoporosis? About Osteoporosis. International Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/patients/about-osteoporosis Accessed: 30 April 2024
  4. What Women Need To Know. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/preventing-fractures/general-facts/what-women-need-to-know/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  5. What Women Need To Know: Menopause: A Time for Action. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/preventing-fractures/general-facts/what-women-need-to-know/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  6. What Is Osteoporosis and What Causes It? Osteoporosis Is Common. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/what-is-osteoporosis/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  7. Osteoporosis and Bone Health. Royal Osteoporosis Society https://theros.org.uk/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  8. What Women Need To Know. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/prevention/general-facts/what-women-need-to-know/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  9. What Is Osteoporosis? About Osteoporosis. International Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/patients/about-osteoporosis Accessed: 30 April 2024
  10. What Is Osteoporosis and What Causes It? Osteoporosis Can Sneak Up on You. Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.nof.org/patients/what-is-osteoporosis/ Accessed: 30 April 2024
  11. About Osteoporosis: Have Risk Factors? Talk To Your Doctor, Ask for Testing. International Osteoporosis Foundation http://worldosteoporosisday.org/about-osteoporosis Accessed: 30 April 2024
  12. Diagnosis. International Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/patients/diagnosis Accessed: 30 April 2024
  13. About Osteoporosis: Have Risk Factors? Talk To Your Doctor, Ask for Testing. International Osteoporosis Foundation http://worldosteoporosisday.org/about-osteoporosis Accessed: 30 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 19 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 30 April 2024

/by

Hormone Therapy and Aging

“The benefits of hormone therapy outweigh the risks
for most healthy symptomatic women who are
aged younger than 60 years and within 10 years of…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Hormone Therapy and Aging Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and Aging/Prevention/Protection
  • Hormone Therapy (HT) and Aging/Prevention/Protection
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) and Aging/Prevention/Protection

Benefits and Risks

What are the benefit and risks of hormone therapy (HT) associated with aging?

On page one in The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement published 07 July June 2022, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

  • “The benefits of hormone therapy outweigh the risks for most healthy symptomatic women who are aged younger than 60 years and within 10 years of menopause onset”.2

Disease Prevention

Is HT recommended for disease prevention?

On page four in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

“HRT should not be recommended for the primary or secondary prevention of chronic disease in women experiencing the menopause in keeping with national and international guidelines”.3

2022 USPSTF Recommendations

What were the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations about HT for the primary prevention of chronic conditions, published 01 November 2022?

Hormone Therapy and AgingIn Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Recommendation Summary, the USPSTF recommend:

“Postmenopausal persons
The USPSTF recommends against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons”.4

Hormone Therapy and AgingIn Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Recommendation Summary, the USPSTF recommended:

“Postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy
The USPSTF recommends against the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy”.5

Heart Disease

How may heart disease be prevented?

In Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. Do I have to start worrying about heart disease? the NAMS elaborate on:

“A. You do. Although many women think of heart disease as a man’s disease, the number one killer of women in North America is cardiovascular disease, that is, diseases of the heart and circulatory system. After age 55, more than half of all the deaths in women are caused by cardiovascular disease. Risk for this disease increases after menopause. Be sure to talk to your healthcare team about what your risks are and how you can reduce them”.6

Bone Loss and Fractures

Does HT prevent bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy, published online 30 October 2023, the authors include:

  • “MHT prevents bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women”.7

Stop or Not

If I am an older than 60 years, do I need to discontinue HT?

On page one in The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement the NAMS note:

Hormone Therapy and Aging

  • “Hormone therapy does not need to be routinely discontinued in women aged older than 60 or 65 years and can be considered for continuation beyond age 65 for persistent VMS, quality-of-life issues, or prevention of osteoporosis after appropriate evaluation and counseling of benefits and risks”.8

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to choose to use HT?

If you choose to use HT, it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “The decision whether to take HRT, the dose and duration of its use should be made on an individualised basis after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. This should be considered in the context of the overall benefits obtained from using HRT including symptom control and improving quality of life as well as considering the bone and cardiovascular benefits associated with HRT use. Discussions with women should also cover aspects such as when to consider stopping HRT and how this can be done (by gradually reducing the dose of HRT). No arbitrary limits should be set on age or duration of HRT intake”.9

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hormone Therapy and Aging?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy and Aging?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. BMS & WHC’s 2020 Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy In Menopausal Women
  2. BMS Statement on Testosterone
  3. BMS TV: Bioidentical Hormones
  4. BMS TV: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
  5. BMS TV: HRT and Breast Cancer: Overall Risks and Benefits
  6. BMS TV: HRT and the Risk of Breast Cancer
  7. BMS TV: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  8. BMS TV: Osteoporosis
  9. BMS TV: Testosterone Explained
  10. BMS TV: Urogenital Atrophy Explained
  11. Bioidentical Hormone Therapy
  12. Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
  13. Deciding About Hormone Therapy
  14. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  15. Dr Louise Newson: The Truth About the Menopause & HRT
  16. FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause
  17. Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
  18. Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
  19. Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
  20. Guidance on Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  21. HRT
  22. HRT & Menopause Extra
  23. HRT – Types, Doses and Regimens
  24. HRT: Benefits and Risks
  25. Healthy Living By Age
  26. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) With Dr Nicky Peel & Prof. David Armstrong
  27. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  28. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Types of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  29. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen
  30. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions
  31. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You?
  32. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? [+ Video: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?]
  33. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause. Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
  34. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health [Other Languages and Formats]
  35. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [+ Video: Is HRT Bad for You?] [Other Languages and Formats]
  36. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Signs and Symptoms of Menopause [+ Video: Talking Menopause With Your GP] [Other Languages and Formats]
  37. Life’s Essential 8
  38. Maintaining Health and Preventing Disease After the Menopause
  39. May Is Osteoporosis Awareness and Prevention Month
  40. Mayo Clinic Minute: Combating Weight Gain During Menopause [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  41. Mayo Clinic Minute: Help With Hot Flashes Due To Menopause [+ Video]
  42. Mayo Clinic Minute: How Lifestyle Changes May Help Manage Menopause Symptoms [+ Video]
  43. Mayo Clinic Minute: Menopause and the Heart Connection [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  44. Mayo Clinic Q&A Podcast: Don’t Miss A Beat With Preventive Heart Care
  45. Mayo Clinic Q&A Podcast: Tips for Living Younger, Longer By Preventing Disease [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  46. Menopausal Hormone Therapy
  47. Menopause
  48. Menopause
  49. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
  50. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  51. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 3. The Risks & Benefits of HRT
  52. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 4. The Different Types of HRT
  53. Menopause Patient Information [Videos] 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  54. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  55. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Treating Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
  56. Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
  57. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  58. Menopause and HRT
  59. Menopause, Perimenopause, Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments With Madelyn Butler, MD [Podcast]
  60. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause [NICE Guideline]
  61. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  62. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  63. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  64. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Women’s Health and Complementary Approaches
  65. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  66. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  67. Non-Estrogen Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms
  68. Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
  69. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  70. Postmenopause
  71. Risks and Benefits of MHT
  72. Seven Facts To Know About Women’s Health
  73. Successful Aging: Tips for Keeping Your Body and Mind Sharp
  74. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause
  75. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  76. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  77. Using Natural Therapies In the Menopause Transition – Webinar
  78. Vaginal Dryness
  79. Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: How To Treat It?
  80. Vaginal Dryness: What To Do About It
  81. Vaginal Oestrogen
  82. Video & Podcast Library: Interviews – Video: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  83. Video & Podcast Library: Interviews – Videos: Testosterone and Women
  84. Video Series-2023: New FDA-Approved Nonhormone Option for the Treatment of Hot Flashes
  85. Video Series-2023: Premature and Early Menopause
  86. Video Series-2024: Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  87. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Heart Disease, Risk Factors of Developing Heart Disease, and Can I Take Hormones?
  88. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Preventing Bone Loss At Menopause
  89. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Prevention of Chronic Diseases In Women: Where Does MHT Fit In?
  90. Webinars: Previous – Approach To Bone Health In the Perimenopause and Postmenopause?
  91. Webinars: Previous – Hormones and Stroke: An Update on Treatment and Risk
  92. Webinars: Previous – Non-Hormonal Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  93. Webinars: Previous – Non-Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  94. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
  95. What Is Menopause? [+ Video]
  96. Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me This? Episode 3: Dr Annice Mukherjee: Your Essential Menopause Toolkit
  97. World Menopause Day

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources at:

Sources

  1. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 29 April 2024
  2. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 29 April 2024
  3. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 29 April 2024
  4. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Clinician Summary: To Whom Does This Recommendation Apply. 01 November 2022. U.S. Preventative Services Task Force https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication Accessed: 29 April 2024
  5. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Clinician Summary: To Whom Does This Recommendation Apply. 01 November 2022. U.S. Preventative Services Task Force https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication Accessed: 29 April 2024
  6. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy. First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 29 April 2024
  7. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 29 April 2024
  8. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 29 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 29 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 29 April 2024

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Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction

“Having erection trouble from time to time
isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. If erectile dysfunction
is an ongoing issue, however, it can cause stress…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
  • Impotence
  • Male Impotence

Definition

What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?

DotS the definition of ED may vary. In Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sex”.2

Symptoms

What are symptoms of ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: What Are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction the (Australian) HealthDirect note:

“Symptoms of erectile dysfunction include:

  • Difficulty getting an erection
  • Difficulty keeping an erection
  • Difficulty engaging in sexual intercourse, due to your penis not being hard enough”.3

Common or Not

How common is ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Overview – How Common Is Erectile Dysfunction? according to the (United States) Cleveland Clinic:

“Erectile dysfunction is the most common sex-related condition that men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) report to healthcare providers, especially as they age and develop other health issues”.4

In Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): About Erectile Dysfunction according to the (Scottish) NHS Inform:

“Erectile dysfunction is a very common condition, particularly in older men. It is estimated that half of all men between the ages of 40 and 70 will have it to some degree”.5

In Erectile Dysfunction: Key Facts according to the (Australian) HealthDirect:

  • “Erectile dysfunction is very common, affecting up to 2 in 3 males over age 45 years”.6

Concern or Not

Is ED a concern?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Having erection trouble from time to time isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. If erectile dysfunction is an ongoing issue, however, it can cause stress, affect your self-confidence and contribute to relationship problems. Problems getting or keeping an erection can also be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs treatment and a risk factor for heart disease”.7

Cause

What causes ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Causes [+ Images] the Mayo Clinic elaborate on physical causes, psychological causes and risk factors and also note:

“Male sexual arousal is a complex process that involves the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles and blood vessels. Erectile dysfunction can result from a problem with any of these. Likewise, stress and mental health concerns can cause or worsen erectile dysfunction”.8

On page one in Hormones and Erectile Dysfunction: What You Need To Know – Causes the (United States) Endocrine Society explain:

“The most common causes of ED are underlying health problems that affect blood vessels and blood flow in the penis. These include hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), diabetes, obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol”.9

Cause: Medicines and Drugs

Can some medicines and drugs cause ED?

In Drugs That May Cause Erection Problems, review date 01 January 2023, the (United States) MedlinePlus list “some medicines and drugs that may cause impotence in men”.

Treatment

How is ED treated?

In Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction the NHS elaborate on:

“Treatment can usually help improve erectile dysfunction.

  • Medicines for erectile dysfunction…
  • Vacuum pumps…
  • Treating the cause of erectile dysfunction…
  • Finding private counsellors or sex therapists…”.10

Oral Medicines

What are oral medicines for ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications, dated 24 June 2023, the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Medicines that you take by mouth are called oral medicines. They’re often the first line of treatment for trouble getting or keeping an erection, called erectile dysfunction (ED). Oral medicines for ED usually work well and cause few side effects”.11

Sexual Health and Erectile DysfunctionMain Oral Medicines

What are the four main oral medicines for ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“The four main medicines taken by mouth for erectile dysfunction are:

  • Avanafil (Stendra)
  • Sildenafil (Viagra)
  • Tadalafil (Cialis)
  • Vardenafil.

These medicines are called PDE5 inhibitors. They enhance the effects of a chemical the body makes that relaxes muscles in the penis, called nitric oxide. This boosts blood flow and helps you get an erection from sexual activity”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have ED or I think my partner has ED?

In Erectile Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Treatment — Treatment the Mayo Clinic explain:

“The first thing your doctor will do is to make sure you’re getting the right treatment for any health conditions that could be causing or worsening your erectile dysfunction.

Depending on the cause and severity of your erectile dysfunction and any underlying health conditions, you might have various treatment options. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits of each treatment and will consider your preferences. Your partner’s preferences also might play a role in your treatment choices”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics related to Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Sexual Health and Erectile Dysfunction?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 5 Natural Ways To Overcome Erectile Dysfunction
  2. Aging Changes In the Male Reproductive System
  3. Bent Penis
  4. Can Your Diet Cause Erectile Dysfunction?
  5. Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: A Natural Treatment for ED?
  6. Drugs That May Cause Erection Problems
  7. Erectile Dysfunction
  8. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
  9. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
  10. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): About
  11. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Causes
  12. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Diagnosing
  13. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Symptoms
  14. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Treating
  15. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction
  16. Erectile Dysfunction FAQs
  17. Erectile Dysfunction and Diabetes: Take Control Today
  18. Erectile Dysfunction: A Sign of Heart Disease?
  19. Erectile Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Treatment
  20. Erectile Dysfunction: Nonoral Treatments
  21. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes [+ Video]
  22. Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications
  23. Hormones and Erectile Dysfunction: What You Need To Know
  24. Hypogonadism In Men
  25. Is Loss of Sex Drive Normal As A Man Gets Older?
  26. Issm.info: Sexual Health Topics [International Society for Sexual Medicine]
  27. Let’s Talk Low Libido
  28. Male Hypogonadism
  29. Mayo Clinic Minute: Don’t Get Tricked Into Bogus Erectile Dysfunction Treatments [+ Video Courtesy: Mayo Clinic News Network]
  30. Mayo Clinic Minute: How Low Testosterone Can Affect Men’s Health [+ Video]
  31. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Some Products That Claim To Treat Erectile Dysfunction Can Be Harmful
  32. Mayo Clinic Q&A Podcast: Men’s Health – Treating Erectile Dysfunction
  33. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  34. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  35. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Natural Doesn’t Necessarily Mean Safer, or Better
  36. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Yohimbe
  37. Penile Implants
  38. Penis Disorders
  39. Penis Pump
  40. Peyronies Disease
  41. Seduction Secrets: Do Aphrodisiacs Boost Desire?
  42. Senior Sex: Tips for Older Men
  43. Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: Does It Work?
  44. Sildenafil (Including Viagra)
  45. Sildenafil [Viagra]
  46. The Dangers of Recreational Viagra
  47. Understanding Erectile Dysfunction [Podcast]
  48. What Are the Risks of Testosterone Therapy?

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  2. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Causes. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  3. Erectile Dysfunction: What Are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction? Last Reviewed: March 2023. HealthDirect https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/erectile-dysfunction Accessed: 22 April 2024
  4. Erectile Dysfunction: Overview – How Common Is Erectile Dysfunction? Last Reviewed: 28 August 2023. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10035-erectile-dysfunction Accessed: 22 April 2024
  5. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): About Erectile Dysfunction. Last Updated: 10 February 2023. NHS Inform https://nhsinform-n1.azurewebsites.net/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/erectile-dysfunction-impotence/ Accessed: 22 April 2024
  6. Erectile Dysfunction: What Are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction? Last Reviewed: March 2023. HealthDirect https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/erectile-dysfunction Accessed: 22 April 2024
  7. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  8. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Causes. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  9. Hormones and Erectile Dysfunction: What You Need To Know – Causes. 17 February 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/patient-engagement/hormones-and-series/hormones_and_erectile_dysfunction_what_you_need_to_know.pdf Accessed: 22 April 2024
  10. Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence): Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction. Page Last Reviewed: 28 July 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/erection-problems-erectile-dysfunction/#treatment Accessed: 22 April 2024
  11. Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications. 24 June 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20047821 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  12. Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications. 24 June 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20047821 Accessed: 22 April 2024
  13. Erectile Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Treatment — Treatment. 29 March 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355782 Accessed: 22 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 April 2024

/by

Vulval Irritation

“Vulval irritation
is when different products and chemicals
affect the sensitive skin of the vulva”.1

Umbrella

What may the Vulval Irritation Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Genital Itch
  • Vestibulitis
  • Vestibulodynia
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Discomfort/Irritation/Pain
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Skin Conditions
  • Vulvar Itching
  • Vulval Vestibulitis
  • Vulvitis
  • Vulvovaginal Discomfort/Pain

Vulva

What is the vulva?

DotS the definition of the vulva may vary. The (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health’s (JH) definition is:

“Your vulva is the external part of your female genitals that you can see. Your vagina is inside your body”.2

Vulval Irritation

What is vulval irritation?

DotS the definition of vulval irritation may vary. In Vulva Irritation: What Is Vulval Irritation? the JH explain:

“Vulval irritation is when different products and chemicals affect the sensitive skin of the vulva”.3

What are vulval irritation symptoms?

In Vulva Irritation: Symptoms the JH explain:

“Vulval irritation can be associated with other signs and symptoms, including:

  • Burning
  • Itching
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Vaginal discomfort
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Skin cracking or splitting (fissuring)
  • Whitening of skin (leukoplakia)
  • Pain during sex (dyspareunia)”.4

Vulvitis

What is vulvitis?

DotS the definition of vulvitis may vary. In Vulvitis: Overview – What Is Vulvitis? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s definition is:

“Vulvitis is inflammation in your vulva, or your genitals. Your vulva includes the soft folds of skin that surround your vagina, including your labia majora (the outer folds), labia minora (vaginal lips) and your clitoris. Your vulva may become inflamed because of an infection, allergic reaction or injury that irritates your skin”.5

Cause

What can cause vulval irritation?

In Vulval Irritation: What Causes Vulval Irritation the JH note:


Vulval Irritation
“Vulval irritation can be caused by many things. Common causes are listed below.

  • Bodily functions…
  • Products…
  • Clothes…
  • Skin conditions…
  • Infections…
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)…
  • Other conditions…
  • Hormones…
  • Medicines…
  • Cancer…”.6

Douching

What is douching?

DotS the definition of douching may vary. In Douching: What Is Douching? the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov’s definition is:

“The word “douche” means to wash or soak. Douching is washing or cleaning out the inside of the vagina with water or other mixtures of fluids. Most douches are sold in stores as prepackaged mixes of water and vinegar, baking soda, or iodine. The mixtures usually come in a bottle or bag. You squirt the douche upward through a tube or nozzle into your vagina. The water mixture then comes back out through your vagina”.7

Is douching different from washing the outside of your vagina during a bath or shower?

Yes. Womenshealth.gov explain:

“Douching is different from washing the outside of your vagina during a bath or shower. Rinsing the outside of your vagina with warm water will not harm your vagina. But, douching can lead to many different health problems.

Most doctors recommend that women do not douche”.8

Vulval Clinics

Are there clinics specializing in vulval conditions?

DotC (Depending on the Country) there may be clinics specializing in vulval conditions with gynecologists, dermatologists, physiotherapists and other multidisciplinary staff.

These multidisciplinary clinics may be called:

  • Genito-Urinary Medicine Clinics
  • Multidisciplinary Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulvovaginal Clinics

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have vulval irritation?

If you think you have vulval irritation, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The JH encourage us to seek help and explain:

“If you are experiencing vulval irritation and your symptoms are not getting better, it’s important to see your doctor. They will take your medical history and ask about your symptoms. If they don’t check your vulva, ask for an examination. You might also need to have a urine test, vulval or vaginal swab, blood test or vulval biopsy. This process will ensure you get the right diagnosis and treatment.

The sooner you seek help, the sooner your symptoms will improve”.9

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Vulval Irritation?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Links related to Vulval Irritation?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 10 Embarrassing Questions You Should Ask Your Doctor
  2. 5 Common Problems ‘Down There’ — and Whether They Are Contagious
  3. 9 Tips To Keep Your Vagina and Vulva Healthy
  4. Advice for Daily Life
  5. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist: Your Guide To Women’s Health Straight From the Experts
  6. BMS TV: Urogenital Atrophy
  7. Boxers, Briefs and Bacterial Vaginosis: How Your Underwear Can Affect Your Health [07 March 2024]
  8. British Society for the Study of Vulval Disease [United Kingdom]
  9. Candidiasis
  10. Care Down There
  11. Douching
  12. Essential Information: Caring for Your Skin Down There
  13. Essential Information: Latex Allergy
  14. Essential Information: See Your Doctor If
  15. FAQs: Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching
  16. FAQs: Vaginitis
  17. FAQs: Vulvodynia
  18. FAQs: Vulvovaginal Health
  19. Foundationforwomenscancer.org [Foundation for Women’s Cancer, United States]
  20. Genital Care for Women
  21. Genital Herpes
  22. Genital Herpes
  23. Glossary
  24. Gynecologic Cancers
  25. Health Organization for Pudendal Education
  26. Helpful Websites
  27. Hope for Patients With Pudendal Neuralgia and Pudendal Nerve Entrapment
  28. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen – Common Questions About Vaginal Oestrogen
  29. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen – How and When To Use Vaginal Oestrogen
  30. How Do I Deal With Vaginal Atrophy? — Ask Dr Jean
  31. International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases: Patient Handouts
  32. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health: Find A Provider
  33. Lichen Sclerosis
  34. Lichen Sclerosis and Menopause
  35. Lichen Sclerosus
  36. Maintaining Vulvar, Vaginal and Perineal Health: Clinical Considerations
  37. Managing Common Vulvar Skin Conditions
  38. Medical Advice: Bacterial Vaginosis
  39. Medical Advice: Chronic Thrush (Also Known As Candida)
  40. Medical Advice: Lichen Planus
  41. Medical Advice: Lichen Sclerosus
  42. Medical Advice: Psoriasis
  43. Medical Advice: Treatment
  44. Medical Advice: Vulval Eczema
  45. Medical Advice: Vulval Pain
  46. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  47. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  48. National Vulvodynia Association: For Patients: How NVA Can Help You
  49. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  50. Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health
  51. Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health: Guide To Sexual Health Providers
  52. Pelvic Exam
  53. Pelvic Pain Support Network [United Kingdom]
  54. Pelvic Pain Support Network [United Kingdom]: Resources and Clinics
  55. Sexual Problems and Menopause
  56. Think You Have A Vaginal Infection? Here’s What You Need to Know
  57. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  58. Urogenital Problems
  59. Vaginal Dryness
  60. Vaginal Dryness
  61. Vaginal Dryness Alternative Treatments
  62. Vaginal Pain
  63. Vaginal Yeast Infection
  64. Vaginal and Vulval Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help
  65. Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers
  66. Video Series-2022: Discussing Sexual Health Concerns With Your Health Care Professional
  67. Video Series-2023: Changes In Sexual Health After Cancer
  68. Video and Podcast Library: Interviews – Video: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
  69. Vulva
  70. Vulva [Image]
  71. Vulva and Vagina
  72. Vulval Cancer
  73. Vulval Health
  74. Vulval Irritation
  75. Vulval Irritation: Treatment and Management
  76. Vulval Pain
  77. Vulval Pain
  78. Vulval Pain Society [United Kingdom]
  79. Vulval Self-Checks
  80. Vulval Self-Checks: How To Get To Know Your Vulva and Why You Should
  81. Vulval Self-Examination
  82. Vulval Self-Examination Leaflet for Women At Increased Risk of Vulval Cancer
  83. Vulval and Vaginal Conditions
  84. Vulval and Vaginal Health
  85. Vulvar Anatomy [+ Images]
  86. Vulvar Awareness Day [18 September]
  87. Vulvar Awareness Campaign 2023-2024: HPV Related Vulvar and Vaginal Diseases
  88. Vulvar Cancer
  89. Vulvar Cancer
  90. Vulvar Cancer–Patient Version [+ Image]
  91. Vulvitis
  92. Vulvitis: Management & Treatment
  93. Vulvodynia
  94. Vulvovaginal Pain Log
  95. Vulvovaginitis
  96. Webinars: Previous – Pay Attention on Your Way In! The Vulva Is An Important Organ Too
  97. What Causes An Irritated Vulva and How’s It Treated?
  98. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
  99. What’s Normal: What Is Normal Vulval & Vaginal Anatomy?
  100. Yeast Infection: Vaginal [Vaginal Candidiasis]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Vulval Irritation: What Is Vulval Irritation? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  2. Vulval Irritation Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  3. Vulval Irritation: What Is Vulval Irritation? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  4. Vulval Irritation: Symptoms. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  5. Vulvitis: Overview – What Is Vulvitis? Last Reviewed: 21 June 2022. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15175-vulvitis Accessed: 21 April 2024
  6. Vulval Irritation: What Causes Vulval Irritation? Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
  7. Douching: What Is Douching? Page Last Updated: 29 December 2022. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching Accessed: 21 April 2024
  8. Douching: What Is Douching? Page Last Updated: 29 December 2022. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching Accessed: 21 April 2024
  9. Vulval Irritation: When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-irritation Accessed: 21 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 12 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 April 2024

/by

Menopause Mood Swings

“As a woman ages, estrogen levels are fluctuating
from one minute to the next, and erratic.
Less progesterone is produced (but stabilizes…”.1

Umbrella
What may the Menopause Mood Swings Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause Mood Swings
  • Perimenopause Mood Swings

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and mood swings?

In Menopause: Mood Swings the (United States) Endocrine Society elaborate on:

Menopause Mood SwingsMenopause Mood SwingsMenopause Mood SwingsMenopause Mood Swings

 

“As a woman ages, estrogen levels are fluctuating from one minute to the next, and erratic. Less progesterone is produced (but stabilizes at low levels in post menopause, around age 55). Estrogen is related to production of serotonin, a mood-regulating neurotransmitter. Fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels, plus other factors, cause serotonin production disruption, leading to more mood swings. Mood disorders are common during this time”.2

Bipolar Disorder

Are menopause mood swings different to bipolar disorder?

Yes. Menopause mood swings are different to bipolar disorder. In Bipolar Disorder: What Is Bipolar Disorder? the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health’s definition of bipolar disorder is:

“Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness or manic depression) is a mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration. These shifts can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks”.3

Depression

Are menopause mood swings different to depression?

Yes. Menopause mood swings are different to depression. In Depression: Overview the World Health Organization explain:

“Depressive disorder (also known as depression) is a common mental disorder. It involves a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time.

Depression is different from regular mood changes and feelings about everyday life. It can affect all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. It can result from or lead to problems at school and at work”.4

Self-Help Measures

What are some self-help measures which may help mood changes?

The Endocrine Society explain:

“Mood swings are a part of aging for many women, but the good news is that you can take steps to help prevent them and manage them when they occur. Often, a healthy lifestyle is the first step in preventing mood swings.

  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods
  • Eat a balanced, health diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
  • Talk to a therapist or counselor
  • Get enough sleep
  • Exercise regularly
  • Find healthy ways to deal with stress”.5

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with menopause mood swings?Menopause Mood Swings

If you would like help with menopause mood swings, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Mood Swings?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Mood Swings?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 5 Ways To Cope With Menopausal Mood Swings
  2. Anxiety
  3. Askearlymenopause.org [Ask EM] [+ Video: What Is Early Menopause?]
  4. BMS TV: Bioidentical Hormones
  5. BMS TV: Menopause Explained
  6. BMS TV: Sleep
  7. Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?
  8. Bipolar Disorder
  9. CAMS Menopause Hour – Perimenopause: A Clinical Challenge [11 March 2024]
  10. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for Menopausal Symptoms
  11. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use
  12. Depression and the Menopause
  13. Dr Louise Newson Breaks Down The Menopause & Lisa Snowdon Shares Her Experience | This Morning
  14. Dr Louise Newson: The Truth About the Menopause & HRT
  15. Emotional Wellness In Menopause
  16. Factors Affecting Women: Menopause
  17. Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
  18. Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
  19. Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
  20. Good-Mood Food: Joining the Dots Between What We Eat & Mental Wellbeing
  21. Help! I’m Too Tired To Exercise
  22. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? [+ Video: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?]
  23. I Forgot To Ask the Doctor – E9: The Menopause: Can Every Woman That Wants It Have HRT?
  24. I am 54 years old, struggling with hot flashes and mood swings. But when I ask for help from my care providers, I am told “Live with it. You are just getting older.” Please advise.
  25. Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated
  26. Information for Partners
  27. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause
  28. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Menopause and Your Mental Wellbeing [+ Video: Menopause Only Affects You Physically!]
  29. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Signs and Symptoms [+ Video: Talking Menopause With Your GP]
  30. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Supporting Someone Through the Menopause [+ Video: Men Don’t Need To Know About Menopause]
  31. Let’s Talk About Perimenopause
  32. Looking After Yourself
  33. Mastering Midlife Mood Changes With Marlene Freeman, MD
  34. Mayo Clinic Minute: Help With Hot Flashes Due To Menopause [+ Video]
  35. Mayo Clinic Minute: How Lifestyle Changes May Help Manage Menopause Symptoms [+ Video]
  36. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Perimenopause Transitions and Concerns
  37. Menopause
  38. Menopause
  39. Menopause FAQs: Menopause Symptoms – Q. My family tells me that I’ve become moody, and I admit that I sometimes feel blue or short-tempered. Menopause?
  40. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Questions for Your Health Care Provider
    Menopause Mood Swings
  41. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Relaxation Techniques
  42. Menopause Map: Downloadable Resources – My Personal Path Print Tools: Symptom Tracker
    Menopause Mood Swings
  43. Menopause Mindfulness: A Personal Toolkit for Menopause Preparedness
  44. Menopause Mindfulness: Embracing the Change of My Midlife
  45. Menopause Patient Information: 2. Talking To Your GP About Menopause
  46. Menopause Patient Information: 5. Lifestyle Advice In Menopause & Perimenopause
  47. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Mindfulness & Wellbeing During the Menopause Transition
  48. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit: A Woman’s Empowerment Guide
  49. Menopause Symptoms: Mayo Clinic Expert Outlines Hormone and Nonhormonal Therapies
  50. Menopause Treatments: What Works, What Doesn’t
  51. Menopause What Are the Symptoms?
  52. Menopause and Mental Health
  53. Menopause and Natural Therapies
  54. Menopause, Perimenopause, Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments With Madelyn Butler, MD [Podcast]
  55. Menopause: Hormones and Menopause
  56. Menopause: Mood Swings
  57. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  58. MentalHealth.gov [National Institute of Mental Health, United States]
  59. Mentalhealth.org.uk [Mental Health Foundation, United Kingdom]
  60. Mood and the Menopause
  61. Mymenoplan.org [My Menoplan, United States]
  62. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Depression
  63. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance
  64. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  65. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: St. John’s Wort
  66. Natural Remedies To Help Manage Perimenopause Symptoms
  67. Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help
  68. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245
  69. Navigating Menopause: Honest Answers To All Your Questions [+ Video: What To Expect in Menopause]
  70. Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
  71. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin B6
  72. Our Best Mental Health Tips – Backed By Research
  73. Perimenopause
  74. Perimenopause
  75. Perimenopause and Menopause Symptom Checklist
  76. Processing Big Changes
  77. Promoting Good Mental Health Over the Menopause Transition
  78. SAMe
  79. Supporting A Loved One Through Menopause
  80. Symptoms of Menopause: Mood and Emotional Health
  81. The Lancet: Series From the Lancet Journals – Menopause 2024
  82. The Truth About Menopause Supplements | Dr Sarah Berry
  83. Therapy Could Be Effective Treatment for Non-Physical Symptoms of Menopause
  84. Therapy for the Effects of Menopause
  85. Tips To Help Manage Menopause Symptoms
  86. Types of Talking Therapies: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  87. Using Natural Therapies In the Menopause Transition – Webinar
  88. Video Series-2022: Perimenopause, Signs, Symptoms, and Solutions
  89. Video Series-2023: NAMS 2023 Nonhormone Therapies Position Statement for Bothersome Menopause Symptoms
  90. Video Series-2023: New FDA-Approved Nonhormone Option for the Treatment of Hot Flashes
  91. Video Series-2024: Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  92. Videos and Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: A Simple Approach To Menopause: The Menopause Quick Six (www.MQ6.ca)
  93. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife Women
  94. Webinars: Previous – Non-Hormonal Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  95. Webinars: Previous – Non-Pharmacological Interventions For VMS
  96. What Doctors Wish Patients Knew About Menopause
  97. What Everyone Should Know About Menopause Symptoms
  98. What Is Menopause? [+ Video]
  99. Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me This? Episode 3: Dr Annice Mukherjee: Your Essential Menopause Toolkit

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources at:

Sources

  1. Menopause: Mood Swings. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
  2. Menopause: Mood Swings. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
  3. Bipolar Disorder: Overview. Last Reviewed: February 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder Accessed: 21 April 2024
  4. Depression: Overview. 31 March 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Accessed: 21 April 2024
  5. Menopause: Mood Swings. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause Accessed: 21 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 April 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 April 2024

/by

Sexual Health

“Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Sexual Health Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Sexual Health
  • Sexuality

Definition

What is sexual health?

DotS the definition of sexual health may vary. In World Sexual Health Day: From the Absence of Disease To Well-Being: The Continuum of Sexual Health the World Health Organization (WHO) explain “The World Health Organization (WHO) working definition of sexual health emphasises a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, one that cannot be separated from sexual well-being”:

“Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being related to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity.

Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled”.2

Sexual Health

Women’s Sexual Health

Why does women’s sexual health matter?

In Women’s Sexual Health Matters the (United States) Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health elaborate on:

“It matters because it impacts all women, and it impacts our quality of life. It has an effect on our overall health and wellness, and directly contributes to self-image and confidence. It helps to shape how we view and enjoy intimacy, affecting our relationships and families”.3

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my sexual health?

If you would like help with your sexual health it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online the NAMS reassure:

“Sex and menopause are totally appropriate subjects for discussion in the healthcare setting, and solutions to midlife sexual problems are out there for the taking”.4

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Talking To Your Healthcare Provider About Your Problem the NAMS also note:

“If your provider asks about your sex life or sexual function, don’t miss the opportunity to be frank and look for help. More important, if your provider doesn’t ask specifically about your sexual function, don’t be afraid to bring up a distressing sexual problem yourself when you’re asked, “How are you feeling?” Most providers today are comfortable addressing such a problem; if your provider is not, consider looking for another. There is absolutely no need to suffer (or let your relationship suffer) in silence”.5

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Sexual Health?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Sexual Health?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 10 Embarrassing Questions You Should Ask Your Doctor
  2. 5 Common Problems ‘Down There’ — and Whether They Are Contagious
  3. A Guide To Birth Control In Your 40s and 50s
  4. Anorgasmia In Women
  5. Australian and New Zealand Vulvovaginal Society: Patient Information
  6. BMS Statement on Testosterone
  7. BMS TV: Testosterone Explained
  8. Bleeding After Menopause: A Concern?
  9. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
  10. Caredownthere.com.au
  11. Celebrating Sexual Health for Benefits Throughout Life
  12. FAQs: Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching
  13. FAQs: How To Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  14. FAQs: Intimate Partner Violence
  15. FAQs: Vulvovaginal Health
  16. FAQs: When Sex Is Painful
  17. FAQS: Your Sexual Health
  18. Female Genital Mutilation
  19. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Overview [+ Videos]
  20. Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting
  21. Female Orgasm: No Climax With Vaginal Penetration?
  22. Female Sexual Dysfunction
  23. Find A Menopause Practitioner [United States and Other]
  24. Find An AMS Doctor [Australasian Menopause Society i.e. Australia and New Zealand]
  25. Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist [British Menopause Society]
  26. HIV: Preventing HIV
  27. Health Issues for Lesbians and Women Who Have Sex With Women
  28. How Menopause Affects Sexuality
  29. How To Get Help With Your Sexual Health
  30. International Society for Sexual Medicine: Public
  31. International Society for Sexual Medicine: Sexual Health Topics
  32. International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases: Patient Handouts
  33. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health
  34. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health: Find A Provider
  35. Later Years (Around 50 Years and Over): Menopause and Post Menopause Health – Sexual Wellbeing and Intimacy During and After Menopause [+ Video: Menopause Is the End of Your Sex Life]
  36. Let’s Talk Low Libido
  37. Libido
  38. Loss of Libido
  39. Low Sex Drive In Women
  40. Lubricant Alternatives: What To Use and What To Avoid
  41. Menopause Preparedness Toolkit Video Series: Common Conditions Associated With Menopause and Midlife
  42. Menopause Ruining Your Sex Life?
  43. Men’s Sexual Health
  44. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Herbs At A Glance Sexual Health
  45. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: How Safe Is This Product or Practice?
  46. Nationalcoalitionforsexualhealth.org [National Coalition for Sexual Health, United States]
  47. National Sexual Violence Resource Center [United States]
  48. Navigating Menopause Together: How Partners Can Help
  49. Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health
  50. Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health: Guide To Sexual Health Providers
  51. Patty Brisben Foundation for Women’s Sexual Health: New! Sexual Anatomy 101
    Sexual Health
  52. Prosayla.com [Prosalya is proudly supported by The International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH)]
  53. Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network [United States]
  54. Redefining Sexual Health for Benefits Throughout Life
  55. Relationships
  56. Safer Sex & STIs
  57. Sex & Sexual Health
  58. Sex During Vaginal Infection: Is It Harmful?
  59. Sex Headaches
  60. Sex and the Adult Female With Cancer [Topics]
  61. Sexual Assault Awareness Month [United States]
  62. Sexual Difficulties In the Menopause
  63. Sexual Health
  64. Sexual Health
  65. Sexual Health
  66. Sexual Health
  67. Sexual Health
  68. Sexual Health Is A State of Physical, Emotional, Mental and Social Wellbeing
  69. Sexual Health Issues [Topics]
  70. Sexual Health for Lesbian and Bisexual Women
  71. Sexual Health: Expert Answers – Is There An Equivalent of Viagra for Women?
  72. Sexual Healthcare In Your Teens, 20s and Beyond
  73. Sexual Problems In Women
  74. Sexual Problems and the Menopause
  75. Sexual Violence Prevention: About Sexual Violence [+ Video: What Is Sexual Violence?]
  76. Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV: Applying All Our Health
  77. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  78. Take Charge of Your Sexual Health
    Sexual Health
  79. Testosterone Therapy In Women: Does It Boost Sex Drive?
  80. Tips for Tracking Your Bleeding
    Tips for Tracking Your Bleeding
  81. Vagina: What’s Typical, What’s Not
  82. Vaginal Dryness
  83. Vaginal Dryness
  84. Vaginal Rejuvenation, Labiaplasty, and Other Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery
  85. Vaginismus
  86. Video Series-2022: Discussing Sexual Health Concerns With Your Health Care Professional
  87. Video Series-2024: Preparing for Your Menopause Health Care Visit
  88. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Interviews: Vulvar Diseases, Overview for Aging Women
  89. Webinars: Previous – Pay Attention on Your Way In! The Vulva Is An Important Organ Too
  90. Webinars: Previous – Sexual Dysfunctions, Update on Gynae Cancers and Management
  91. Webinars: Previous – Sexual Health Issues In Menopause
  92. What Can Cause Orgasm Problems In Women?
  93. What Does It Mean To Be Asexual?
  94. What Happens If A Woman Takes Viagra?
  95. What Is Normal Sex?
  96. Why Does Sex Hurt?
  97. Women’s Sexual Health
  98. Women’s Sexual Health: Talking About Your Sexual Needs
  99. World Hepatitis Day 2024 [28 July]
  100. World Sexual Health Day [04 September 2024]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. World Sexual Health Day: From the Absence of Disease To Well-Being: The Continuum of Sexual Health. 04 September 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2023/09/04/default-calendar/world-sexual-health-day Accessed: 26 July 2024
  2. World Sexual Health Day: From the Absence of Disease To Well-Being: The Continuum of Sexual Health. 04 September 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2023/09/04/default-calendar/world-sexual-health-day Accessed: 26 July 2024
  3. Women’s Sexual Health Matters. Patty Brisben Foundation http://pattybrisbenfoundation.org/sexual-health/what-is-womens-sexual-health/#what Accessed: 26 July 2024
  4. Sexual Health & Menopause Online. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online Accessed: 26 July 2024
  5. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Talking To Your Health Care Provider About Your Problem. North America Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/effective-treatments-for-sexual-problems/talking-to-your-healthcare-provider-about-your-problem Accessed: 26 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 26 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 26 July 2024

/by

High Blood Pressure and Women

“While you may have had normal blood pressure most of your life, your chances of developing high blood pressure increase considerably after menopause”.1

Umbrella

What may the High Blood Pressure and Women Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Essential Hypertension
  • High Blood Pressure (HBP)
  • Hypertension
  • Idiopathic Hypertension
  • Primary Hypertension
  • Women

Blood Pressure

What is blood pressure (BP)?

DotS the definition of BP may vary. In High Blood Pressure: About High Blood Pressure – Definition of Blood Pressure the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition is:

“Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body”.2

High Blood Pressure

What is high blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension?

DotS the definition of HBP may vary. The American Heart Association’s definition is:

“High blood pressure, also referred to as hypertension, is when your blood pressure, the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels, is consistently too high”.3

Risk

Who is at risk of HBP?

In High Blood Pressure: Causes and Risk Factors – Sex the (United States) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute note:

“Men are more likely than women to develop high blood pressure throughout middle age. But in older adults, women are more likely than men to develop high blood pressure”.4

Women

In women, how common is HBP?

In High Blood Pressure and Women the (United States) Go Red for Women explain:

“A common misconception is that high blood pressure (HBP or hypertension) rarely affects women. However, nearly half of all adults with high blood pressure are women. In fact, women that are just 20 pounds or more overweight, have a family history of HBP or have reached menopause are known to increase a woman’s risk”.5

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and HBP?

In High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause Go Red for Women also note:

High Blood Pressure and Women“While you may have had normal blood pressure most of your life, your chances of developing high blood pressure increase considerably after menopause.

Heart disease risk rises for everyone as they age, but for women symptoms can become more evident after the onset of menopause”.6

In Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What’s the Connection? Is There A Connection Between Menopause and High Blood Pressure? the (United States) Mayo Clinic note:

“Blood pressure generally goes up after menopause. Some health care providers think changing hormones related to menopause may cause blood pressure to rise. Others think an increase in body mass index (BMI) during menopause may be to blame.

Changes in hormones during menopause can lead to weight gain. The changes also can make blood pressure more sensitive to salt in the diet. When this happens, blood pressure can go up. Some types of hormone therapy for menopause also may lead to higher blood pressure”.7

Death

Is there an association between women and deaths from HBP?

In High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause Go Red for Women also note:

“Women represent almost 52% of deaths from high blood pressure”.8

Control and Prevent

What can help control and prevent HBP?

In Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What’s the Connection? Is There A Connection Between Menopause and High Blood Pressure? the Mayo Clinic encourage women:

“To control your blood pressure both before and after menopause, focus on a healthy lifestyle:

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Eat heart-healthy foods. Choose whole grains, fruits and vegetables
  • Limit salt and processed foods
  • Exercise most days of the week
  • Manage stress
  • Limit or avoid alcohol
  • If you smoke, stop

If necessary, your health care team may suggest medicines to help lower blood pressure”.9

DASH Diet

What is the DASH Diet?

In DASH Diet: Healthy Eating To Lower Your Blood Pressure the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

The DASH diet is a healthy-eating plan designed to help prevent or treat high blood pressure, also called hypertension. It also may help lower cholesterol linked to heart disease, called low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

High blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol levels are two major risk factors for heart disease and stroke”.10

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have HBP?

If you think you have HBP, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In High Blood Pressure – Symptoms and Treatment: Symptoms of High Blood Pressure the British Heart Foundation explain:

“Many people with high blood pressure feel fine. But even if you feel fine, you should still have your blood pressure checked regularly. If you’re a healthy adult over 40, it’s recommended that you get it checked at least once every five years. But if you’re at increased risk of high blood pressure, you should have it checked more often, ideally once a year”.11

Health Topics A-Z

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In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

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Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause. Go Red for Women https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/high-blood-pressure-and-women Accessed: 20 April 2024
  2. High Blood Pressure: About High Blood Pressure – Definition of Blood Pressure. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/ Accessed: 27 July 2024
  3. High Blood Pressure: The Facts About High Blood Pressure. American Heart Association https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure Accessed: 20 April 2024
  4. High Blood Pressure: Causes and Risk Factors – Sex. Last Updated: 30 April 2024. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure/causes Accessed: 27 July 2024
  5. High Blood Pressure and Women. Go Red for Women https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/why-high-blood-pressure-is-a-silent-killer/high-blood-pressure-and-women Accessed: 20 April 2024
  6. High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause. Go Red for Women https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/high-blood-pressure-and-women Accessed: 20 April 2024
  7. Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What’s the Connection? Is There A Connection Between Menopause and High Blood Pressure? 11 July 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406 Accessed: 20 April 2024
  8. High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause. Go Red for Women https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/high-blood-pressure-and-women Accessed: 20 April 2024
  9. Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What’s the Connection? Is There A Connection Between Menopause and High Blood Pressure? 11 July 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406 Accessed: 20 April 2024
  10. DASH Diet: Healthy Eating To Lower Your Blood Pressure. 25 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/dash-diet/art-20048456 Accessed: 20 April 2024
  11. High Blood Pressure – Symptoms and Treatment: Symptoms of High Blood Pressure. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/risk-factors/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-and-treatment Accessed: 20 April 2024
Topic Last Updated: 27 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 20 April 2024

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