“For postmenopausal women, the WHI randomized clinical
trials do not support menopausal hormone therapy to
prevent cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases”.1

Umbrella

What may the Postmenopause and Chronic Disease Prevention Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • After/Beyond Menopause, Postmenopause Chronic Conditions/Diseases/Illnesses Prevention
  • After/Beyond Menopause, Postmenopause Healthy Living

Chronic Diseases

What are chronic diseases?

DotS the definition of chronic diseases may vary. In Chronic Disease: About Chronic Diseases – Chronic Diseases In America: Definition the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) definition is:

“Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both”.2

Chronic Diseases Cause

What may cause chronic diseases?

In In Chronic Disease: About Chronic Disease – Chronic Diseases In America the CDC explain:

“Many preventable chronic diseases are caused by a short list of risk behaviors: smoking, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use”.3

Chronic Diseases Prevention

How may chronic diseases be prevented?

In Chronic Disease: Preventing Chronic Diseases: What You Can Do Now – Prevention Steps and Strategies the CDC elaborate on:

  • “Quit smoking…
  • Eat healthy…
  • Get regular physical activity…
  • Limit alcohol…
  • Get screened…
  • Take care of your teeth…
  • Get enough sleep…
  • Know your family history…”.4

Hormone Therapy Prevention

Is hormone therapy recommended for the prevention of chronic disease?

In The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: A Review – Abstract: Conclusions and Relevance, published 01 May 2024, the authors note:

“For postmenopausal women, the WHI randomized clinical trials do not support menopausal hormone therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases”.5

What is the WHI?

WHI can be an abbreviation for the (United States) Women’s Health Initiative.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with postmenopause chronic disease prevention?

If you would like help with postmenopause chronic disease prevention, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The International Menopause Society remind us:

“The menopause transition should be used as an opportunity to visit your healthcare professional for a check-up, assess potential risks and proactively start to manage later life. Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, cognitive decline and dementia, depression, and cancer are the key diseases to address”.6

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Postmenopause and Chronic Disease Prevention?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Postmenopause and Chronic Disease Prevention?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Manson, J.A. E., et al. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: A Review – Abstract: Conclusions and Relevance. 01 May 2024 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2818206 Accessed: 25 June 2024
  2. Chronic Disease: About Chronic Diseases – Chronic Diseases In America: Definition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/prevention/ Accessed: 25 June 2024
  3. Chronic Disease: About Chronic Diseases – Chronic Diseases In America. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/prevention/ Accessed: 25 June 2024
  4. Chronic Disease: Preventing Chronic Diseases: What You Can Do Now – Prevention Steps and Strategies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/prevention/ Accessed: 25 June 2024
  5. Manson, J.A. E., et al. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: A Review – Abstract: Conclusions and Relevance. 01 May 2024 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2818206 Accessed: 25 June 2024
  6. Maintaining Health and Preventing Disease After the Menopause: Top 10 Prevention Tips for Chronic Diseases In Later Life. 2014:2. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/wmd-2014-leaflet-english.pdf Accessed: 25 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 11 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 25 June 2024

“Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder
characterised by unpleasant sensations in the legs
and the compelling need to move the legs…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Restless Legs Syndrome Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Ekbom/’s Syndrome
  • Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
  • Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED)
  • Willis-Ekbom Disease

Definition

What is restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

DotS the definition of RLS may vary. The (United States) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke’s (NINDS) definition is:

“Restless legs syndrome (RLS)—also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, primary RLS, and idiopathic RLS—is a neurological disorder that causes unpleasant or uncomfortable sensations in your legs and an irresistible urge to move them. Symptoms commonly occur in the late afternoon or evening hours and are often most intense at night when you are resting. RLS can severely disrupt your sleep, making it difficult to fall asleep or return to sleep after waking up. Moving the legs or walking typically relieves the discomfort but the sensations often recur once the movement stops”.2

In Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Overview – What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s definition is:

Restless Legs Syndrome“Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a brain, nerve and sleep condition that causes a strong, nearly irresistible urge to move your legs that’s at least partially relieved by movement. Symptoms are more common when your body is at rest in the evening. It usually occurs in addition to uncomfortable sensations in your legs like throbbing or aching. The urge to constantly move can interfere with your ability to relax or fall asleep.

You may hear your healthcare provider call RLS restless leg syndrome or Willis-Ekbom disease”.3

Signs and Symptoms

What are common signs and symptoms of RLS?

In Restless Legs Syndrome: What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? Common Signs and Symptoms of RLS the NINDS explain:

“If you have RLS, you may feel an irresistible urge to move, which is accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in your lower limbs that are unlike normal sensations experienced by someone without the disorder. The sensations in your legs may feel like aching, throbbing, pulling, itching, crawling, or creeping. These sensations less commonly affect the arms, and rarely the chest or head. Although the sensations can occur on just one side of your body, they most often affect both sides”.4

Common or Not

How common is RLS?

In Restless Legs Syndrome: What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? the NINDS explain:

“It is estimated that up to seven to 10 percent of the U.S. population may have RLS, which can begin at any age. It occurs in both males and females, although females are more likely to have it. Many individuals who are severely affected are middle-aged or older, and the symptoms typically become more frequent and last longer with age”.5

Menopause and RLS

Is there an association between menopause and RLS?

On page two in Menopause and Insomnia: Causes – Restless Legs Syndrome the (British) Women’s Health Concern explain:

“One study of RLS patients found 69 per cent of post-menopausal women perceived their symptoms as worse than before menopause. However, it is not clear whether restless leg syndrome contributes to sleep disturbance, or if women who are not sleeping well are more aware of the problem”.6

Restless Legs SyndromeLook for A Pattern

How may I Look for A Pattern with RLS?

In RLS Monitor the (United Kingdom) RLS-UK elaborate on:

“During a medical consultation there is limited time available and it can be hard to accurately look back and relay when our symptoms were at their worst. With this in mind, ‘My RLS Monitor’ has been developed, a seven-day tracker for symptoms to allow you to report your symptoms more comprehensively to your doctor and allow both you and your medical practitioner to spot patterns and/or to help compare these symptoms with previous monitoring and to help keep a track on medication”.7

Restless Legs Syndrome

In Symptoms & Diagnosis: RLS Symptom Diary the (United States) Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation elaborate on:

“The RLS Symptom Diary is a convenient tool to record information on your daily symptoms such as when they occur, how long they last and possible triggers such as nicotine, alcohol or caffeine”.8

Treatment

How is RLS treated?

In Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Management and Treatment – How Is Restless Legs Syndrome Treated? the Cleveland Clinic explain:

“Treatment for RLS may include taking medications or changing your routine at home to help relieve your symptoms. Some people may reduce their symptoms if they work with their healthcare provider to manage other underlying health conditions. You and your healthcare provider will discuss the treatment options that might be best for you, as well as any side effects to look out for”.9

Health Care Provider

What if I thinks I have RLS?

If you think you have RLS, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

In Restless Legs Syndrome: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: When To See A Doctor the (United States) Mayo Clinic encourage us to seek help:

“Talk with your healthcare professional if you have symptoms of restless legs syndrome. RLS can interfere with your sleep, cause daytime drowsiness and affect your quality of life”.10

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Restless Legs Syndrome?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Restless Legs Syndrome?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Restless Legs Syndrome: Description. Brain Foundation and Headache Australia https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome/ Accessed: 25 June 2024
  2. Restless Legs Syndrome: What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome Accessed: 25 June 2024
  3. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Overview – What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? Cleveland Clinic. 11 September 2023 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9497-restless-legs-syndrome Accessed: 25 June 2024
  4. Restless Legs Syndrome: What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? Common Signs and Symptoms of RLS? National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome Accessed: 25 June 2024
  5. Restless Legs Syndrome: What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/patient-caregiver-education/fact-sheets/restless-legs-syndrome-fact-sheet Accessed: 25 June 2024
  6. Menopause and Insomnia: Causes – Restless Legs Syndrome. Publication Date: September 2021:2. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/menopause-and-insomnia/ Accessed: 25 June 2024
  7. RLS Monitor. RLS-UK https://www.rls-uk.org/rls-monitor Accessed: 25 June 2024
  8. Symptoms & Diagnosis: RLS Symptom Diary. National Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation https://www.rls.org/understanding-rls/symptoms-diagnosis Accessed: 25 June 2024
  9. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Management and Treatment – How Is RLS Treated? Cleveland Clinic. 11 September 2023 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9497-restless-legs-syndrome Accessed: 25 June 2024
  10. Restless Legs Syndrome: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: When To See A Doctor. Mayo Clinic. 26 January 2024 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377168 Accessed: 25 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 12 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 25 June 2024

“Women who initiate hormone therapy aged older than
60 years or more than 10 or 20 years from menopause
onset are at higher absolute risks of CHD, VTE, and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy and Heart Disease Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Coronary Heart Disease
  • Heart Disease
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Ischemic Heart Disease
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

Cardiovascular Diseases

What are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)?

DotS the definition of CVDs may vary. The World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age”.2

Type

Hormone Therapy and Heart DiseaseHormone Therapy and heart Disease What can it be important to be clear about with hormone therapy (HT) and heart disease risk information?

It can be important to be clear about the type of HT and whether heart disease risk information is about – Estrogen Plus Progestogen HT or Estrogen-Alone HT.

Younger Than Age 60 or Not

What can it also be important to be clear about with HT and heart disease risk information?

It can also be important to be clear about whether HT and heart disease risk information is about women “younger than age 60 years or within 10 years of menopause” or not.

Younger Than Age 60

For women younger than age 60 or within 10 years of menopause, what is the association between HT and heart disease risk?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks, published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

“Some studies suggest that HT might be good for your heart if you start before age 60 or within 10 years of menopause”.3

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Evidence from Cochrane database analysis suggests that HRT started before the age of 60 or within 10 years of the menopause may result in reduction in atherosclerosis progression, coronary heart disease and may lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality”.4

After Age 60

For women after age 60 or further than 10 years from menopause, what is the association between HT and heart disease risk?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks the NAMS also note:

“However, if you start HT further from menopause or after age 60, HT might slightly increase your risk of heart disease. Although there are risks associated with taking HT, they are not common, and most go away after you stop treatment”.5

On page 780 in The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality – Key Points published July 2022 and “endorsed by more than 20 well-respected international organizations”, one of the key points is:

“Women who initiate hormone therapy aged older than 60 years or more than 10 or 20 years from menopause onset are at higher absolute risks of CHD, VTE, and stroke than women initiating hormone therapy in early menopause. (Level I)”.6

What is Level I?

In this context “Level I: Based on good and consistent scientific evidence”.

What is CHD?

CHD can be an abbreviation for Coronary Heart Disease.

What is VTE?

VTE can be an abbreviation for Venous Thromboembolism.

Health Care Provider

If I choose to use HT what are my risks of heart disease?

Different women who choose to use HT can have different risks of heart disease. It may therefore be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You? The Bottom Line: Hormone Therapy Isn’t All Good or All Bad the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“To determine if hormone therapy is a good treatment option for you, talk to your doctor about your individual symptoms and health risks. Be sure to keep the conversation going throughout your menopausal years.

As researchers learn more about hormone therapy and other menopausal treatments, recommendations may change. If you continue to have bothersome menopausal symptoms, review treatment options with your doctor on a regular basis”.7

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hormone Therapy and Heart Disease?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy and Heart Disease?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Cardiovascular Disease and All Cause Mortality – Key Points. 2022: 780 North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/nams-2022-hormone-therapy-position-statement.pdf Accessed: 24 June 2024
  2. Cardiovascular Diseases. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1 Accessed: 24 June 2024
  3. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 24 June 2024
  4. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayesena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 24 June 2024
  5. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 24 June 2024
  6. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society: Cardiovascular Disease and All Cause Mortality – Key Points. 2022: 780 North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/nams-2022-hormone-therapy-position-statement.pdf Accessed: 24 June 2024
  7. Hormone Therapy: Is It Right for You? The Bottom Line: Hormone Therapy Isn’t All Good or All Bad. 06 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372 Accessed: 24 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 24 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 24 June 2024

“Family health history is a record of the diseases
and health conditions in your family.
You and your family members share genes”.1

Umbrella

What may the Family Health History Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Family Health History/Portrait
  • Family History
  • Family History of Disease
  • Family Medical History
  • Family Tree for Health
  • Medical Family History/Tree

Family Health History

What is a family health history?

DotS the definition of a family health history may vary. In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Overview the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) definition is:

“Family health history is a record of the diseases and health conditions in your family. You and your family members share genes. You may also have behaviors in common, such as exercise habits and what you like to eat. You may live in the same area and come into contact with similar things in the environment. Family history includes all of these factors, any of which can affect your health”.2

How

How can I collect my family health history?

In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Collect Your Family Health History the CDC elaborate on:

“You may know a lot about your family health history or only a little. To get the complete picture, use family gatherings as a time to talk about health history. If possible, look at death certificates and family medical records. Collect information about your parents, sisters, brothers, half-sisters, half-brothers, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, nieces, and nephews. Include information on major medical conditions, causes of death, age at disease diagnosis, age at death, and ethnic background”.3

My Family Health Portrait

Is there a Family Health Portrait tool or format?

Your Country may have a Family Health Portrait similar to the (United States) Surgeon General’s. In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Collect Your Family Health History the CDC explain:

“Be sure to update the information regularly and share what you’ve learned with your family and with your healthcare provider. You can use the Surgeon General’s web-based tool called “My Family Health Portrait” to keep track of the information”.4

Important or Not

Why is family health history important?

In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Why Family Health History Is Important the CDC explain:

“Most people have a family health history of at least one chronic disease, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. If you have a close family member with a chronic disease, you may be more likely to develop that disease yourself, especially if more than one close relative has (or had) the disease or a family member got the disease at a younger age than usual”.5

Prevention

Is there an association between prevention and family health history?

In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Act on Your Family Health History the CDC note:

“You can’t change your genes, but you can change unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking, not exercising or being active, and poor eating habits. If you have a family health history of disease, you may have the most to gain from lifestyle changes and screening tests. In many cases, healthy habits can reduce your risk for diseases that run in your family. Screening tests, such as blood sugar testing, mammograms, and colorectal cancer screening, help find early signs of disease. Finding disease early can often mean better health in the long run”.6

Act

As a result of my family health history, how can I act?

In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Act on Your Family Health History the CDC elaborate on:

Family Health History
How To Act on Your Family Health History

  • Did your mother or sister have breast cancer before age 50? Talk with your healthcare provider about whether you should be referred for genetic counseling and testing
  • Does your mom, dad, sister, or brother have diabetes? Ask your healthcare provider how early you should be screened for diabetes
  • Did your mom, dad, brother, or sister get colorectal (colon) cancer before age 50? Talk with your healthcare provider about whether you should start getting colonoscopies earlier or have them done more often”.7

Health Care Provider

Is it important to share my family health history with my health care provider?

It may be in your best interest to choose to share your family health history with your health care provider.

In Family Health History: About Family Health History – Why Family Health History Is Important the CDC explain:

“Collect your family health history information before visiting your healthcare provider and take it with you. Even if you don’t know all of your family health history information, share what you do know. Family health history information, even if incomplete, can help your healthcare provider decide which screening tests you need and when those tests should start”.8

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Family Health History?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Family Health History?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Overview. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  2. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Overview. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  3. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Collect Your Family Health History. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  4. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Collect Your Family Health History. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  5. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Why Is Family Health History Important? 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  6. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Act on Your Family Health History. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  7. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Act on Your Family Health History. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  8. Family Health History: About Family Health History – Why Is Family Health History Important? 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/index.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 22 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 June 2024

“In women, dehydroepiandrosterone is an important source
of oestrogens in the body – it provides about 75%
of oestrogens before the menopause, and 100%…”.1

Umbrella

What may the DHEA Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • Prasterone
  • Synthetic Versions – Fidelin, Fluasterone, Prastera and Prasterone

Definition

What is dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)?

DotS the definition of DHEA may vary. In Dehydroepiandrosterone: What Is Dehydroepiandrosterone? the (United States) You and Your Hormones, an education resource from the Society for Endocrinology’s (NCCIH), definition is:

“Dehydroepiandrosterone is a precursor hormone, which means it has little biological effect on its own, but has powerful effects when converted into other hormones such as testosterone and oestradiol”.2

Oestrogen

What is the association between DHEA and oestrogen?

In Dehydroepiandrosterone: What Is Dehydroepiandrosterone? You and Your Hormones explain:

“In women, dehydroepiandrosterone is an important source of oestrogens in the body – it provides about 75% of oestrogens before the menopause, and 100% of oestrogens in the body after menopause”.3

Women

What is the association between DHEA and women?

In Dehydroepiandrosterone: What happens If I Have Too Little Dehydroepiandrosterone? You and Your Hormones note:

“In women, low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone are associated with low libido, reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis. However, supplementation with commercially available dehydroepiandrosterone is not recommended as there is concern about numerous possible side-effects”.4

Aging

Is there an association between aging and DHEA?

In DHEA: What the Research Says, dated 10 August 2023, the (United States) Mayo Clinic note:

  • “Aging. In theory, taking DHEA supplements to maintain DHEA levels could slow the aging process, possibly improving well-being, cognitive function and body composition. But so far research hasn’t proved this to be true. More studies are needed to better understand whether DHEA supplementation can counteract some of the effects of aging. A small study suggested that taking DHEA supplements might improve skin hydration and firmness, and decrease aging spots in elderly adults”.5

Vaginal Atrophy

How effective is DHEA for the treatment of vaginal atrophy?

In DHEA: What the Research Says the Mayo Clinic note:

  • “Vaginal atrophy. Limited research suggests that DHEA might improve vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women”.6

On page two in Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options – Other Prescription Therapies the NAMS explain:

  • “Dehydroepiandrasterone (DHEA; Prasterone) is a hormone-containing insert placed in the vagina nightly that reduces vaginal dryness and discomfort with sexual activity”.7

In DHEA: How Effective Is It? the (United States) MedlinePlus note the effectiveness rating is:

“Likely Effective for…

  • Thinning of vaginal tissue (vaginal atrophy). Using vaginal inserts containing DHEA can reduce pain during sex by up to 15% after menopause. A prescription DHEA product is available for this condition”.8

Postmenopausal Sexual Dysfunction

How effective is DHEA for the treatment of postmenopausal sexual dysfunction?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy, published online 30 October 2023, the authors explain:

“With respect to androgen therapy, the Global Consensus Position Statement advises the following:

  • Oral DHEA is not effective for the treatment of postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. In addition, systemic DHEA has not been found to be clinically beneficial for the treatment or prevention of any other symptoms or conditions”.9

Dietary Supplement

Is DHEA available as a dietary supplement?

DotC (Depending on the Country) DHEA may be available as a dietary supplement. In DHEA: Overview the Mayo Clinic explain:

DHEA“A synthetic version of DHEA is available as a tablet, capsule, powder, topical cream and gel”.10

Safe or Not

Are DHEA supplements safe?

In DHEA: Safety and Side Effects the Mayo Clinic explain the safety and side effects of DHEA and elaborate on possible medication interactions.

In The Utilization of Dehydroepiandrosterone As A Sexual Hormone Precursor In Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: An Overview: 6. Conclusions, published online 29 December 2021, the authors elaborate on:

“By focusing on anti-aging properties of DHEA, it may be appealing to take DHEA during midlife or late life since this hormone is sold over the counter and on the internet. However, DHEA supplements for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women are not advised due to unknown long-term effects. DHEA is a precursor for many androgenic and estrogenic entities, and its metabolic pathways may differ between genders and among ages. The efficacy of DHEA has been studied in inadequate sample sizes, thus yielding inconsistent results in postmenopausal women. Therefore, large-scale randomized, controlled trials, with comparable dosages and adequate treatment durations are warranted to further understand the risks and benefits of DHEA, and draw reliable conclusions”.11

Health Care Provider

What if I choose to use DHEA supplements?

If you choose to use DHEA supplements it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to DHEA?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to DHEA?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Dehydroepiandrosterone: What Is Dehydroepiandrosterone? Last Reviewed: June 2020. You and Your Hormones https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/dehydroepiandrosterone/ Accessed: 22 June 2024
  2. Dehydroepiandrosterone: What Is Dehydroepiandrosterone? Last Reviewed: June 2020. You and Your Hormones https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/dehydroepiandrosterone/ Accessed: 22 June 2024
  3. Dehydroepiandrosterone: What Is Dehydroepiandrosterone? Last Reviewed: June 2020. You and Your Hormones https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/dehydroepiandrosterone/ Accessed: 22 June 2024
  4. Dehydroepiandrosterone: What happens If I Have Too Little Dehydroepiandrosterone? Last Reviewed: June 2020. You and Your Hormones https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/dehydroepiandrosterone/ Accessed: 22 June 2024
  5. DHEA: What the Research Says. 10 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-dhea/art-20364199 Accessed: 22 June 2024
  6. DHEA: What the Research Says. 10 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-dhea/art-20364199 Accessed: 22 June 2024
  7. Vaginal Dryness: Treatment Options – Other Prescription Therapies. 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/for-women/mn-vaginal-dryness.pdf Accessed: 22 June 2024
  8. DHEA: How Effective Is It? Last Reviewed: 24 July 2023. MedlinePlus https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/331.html Accessed: 22 June 2024
  9. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy. First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 22 June 2024
  10. DHEA: Overview. 10 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-dhea/art-20364199 Accessed: 22 June 2024
  11. Tang, J., Chen, L-R., and Chen,K-H. The Utilization of Dehydroepiandrosterone As A Sexual Hormone Precursor In Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: An Overview: 6. Conclusions. Published Online: 29 December 2021 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781653/ Accessed: 22 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 22 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 June 2024

“It can be hard to distinguish between
‘normal’ menopausal symptoms and
symptoms caused by the cancer”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause After Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Cancer Treatments
  • Chemo Brain
  • Menopause
  • Menopause Symptoms

Cancers

What cancers may result in  treatments in menopause?

In What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) explain:

“Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women; therefore, much of the information and research about cancer and menopause relates to breast cancer. But treatment for other cancers (including childhood cancers, non-hormonal cancers and hormonal cancers) can also result in menopause”.2

Cancer Treatments

Will all cancer treatments cause menopause?

In What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment the JH elaborate on:

Menopause After Cancer“Not all cancer treatments will cause menopause. Depending on the treatment, menopausal symptoms may be temporary or permanent. Other factors may influence permanent menopause, such as your age and the type of chemotherapy undertaken”.3

Menopause Symptoms

With cancer, can it be hard to distinguish what’s-what with menopausal symptoms?

The JH explain:

“It can be hard to distinguish between ‘normal’ menopausal symptoms and symptoms caused by the cancer”.4

Menopause Severe Symptoms

Can menopause symptoms be severe?

According to the JH:

“Menopause can happen because of cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. These treatments can cause your ovaries to stop working. The sudden change in hormones, particularly oestrogen and testosterone, may lead to more severe symptoms”.5

Chemo Brain

What is chemo brain?

DotS the definition of chemo brain may vary. The (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Chemo brain is a common term used by cancer survivors to describe thinking and memory problems that can occur during and after cancer treatment. Chemo brain can also be called chemo fog, cancer-related cognitive impairment or cognitive dysfunction”.6

In Chemo Brain: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the Mayo Clinic also note:

“Though chemo brain is a widely used term, the causes of concentration and memory problems aren’t well-understood. It’s likely that there are multiple causes”.7

HRT and Breast Cancer Survivors

Is systemic HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) recommended for the treatment of menopause symptoms in those with a history of breast cancer?

On page three in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “A history of breast cancer should be considered a contraindication to systemic HRT. The risk of breast cancer recurrence with HRT is higher in women with oestrogen receptor positive cancer, but women with oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer are also considered to have an increased risk of recurrence with HRT. HRT may, in exceptional cases, be offered to women with breast cancer with severe menopausal symptoms if lifestyle modifications and non-hormonal treatment options are not effective. This should be done after discussion with the woman, her menopause specialist and her breast/oncology team”.8

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with menopause after cancer?

If you would like help with menopause after cancer, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

In What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment: Reactions To Menopause After A Cancer Diagnosis the JH explain:

“If you go through menopause and cancer at the same time, it can be very distressing. It is normal to experience a sense of sadness and loss of control.

It’s important to talk to someone if you feel emotional, anxious or depressed. Your doctor can help with symptom relief and refer you to a psychologist if needed”.9

In Menopausal Symptoms and Cancer Treatment: Taking Time for Yourself and Getting Support the (United Kingdom) Cancer Research UK also note:

“It can be hard to come to terms with your diagnosis at the same time as having menopausal symptoms. It might help to talk to family and friends and share how your symptoms are making you feel with your family and friends.

Try to make some time for yourself. Some people practice breathing or relaxation techniques, or mindfulness. And some people find counselling and support groups helpful”.10

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause After Cancer?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause After Cancer?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment: Menopausal Symptoms Related To Cancer Treatment. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause#menopause-due-to-cancer-treatment Accessed: 21 June 2024
  2. What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause#menopause-due-to-cancer-treatment Accessed: 21 June 2024
  3. What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause#menopause-due-to-cancer-treatment Accessed: 21 June 2024
  4. What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment: Menopausal Symptoms Related To Cancer Treatment. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause#menopause-due-to-cancer-treatment Accessed: 21 June 2024
  5. What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause#menopause-due-to-cancer-treatment Accessed: 21 June 2024
  6. Chemo Brain: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 09 February 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060 Accessed: 21 June 2024
  7. Chemo Brain: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 09 February 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060 Accessed: 21 June 2024
  8. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 21 June 2024
  9. What Causes Menopause? Menopause Due To Cancer Treatment: Reactions To Menopause After A Cancer Diagnosis. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/causes-of-menopause#menopause-due-to-cancer-treatment Accessed: 21 June 2024
  10. Menopausal Symptoms and Cancer Treatment: Taking Time for Yourself and Getting Support Last Updated: 13 June 2022. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/sex/women/menopausal-symptoms Accessed: 21 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 21 June 2024

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“Caring for a loved one
strains even the most resilient people. If you’re a caregiver,
take steps to preserve your own health and well-being”.1

Umbrella

What may the Caregivers Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Caregiver
  • Caregiving
  • Carers

Caregiver

Who is a caregiver?

DotS the definition of a caregiver may vary. The Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov’s definition is:

“A caregiver is anyone who provides care for another person in need, such as a child, an aging parent, a husband or wife, a relative, friend, or neighbor. A caregiver also may be a paid professional who provides care in the home or at a place that is not the person’s home”.2

The (United Kingdom) Carer’s Week definition is:

“A carer is someone who provides unpaid care and support to a family member or friend who has a disability, illness, mental health condition, addiction, or who needs extra help as they grow older. It isn’t someone who volunteers or is employed to provide support”.3

Informal Caregiver

Who is an informal caregiver?Caregivers

DotS the definition of an informal caregiver may vary. The Womenshealth.gov’s definition is:

“People who are not paid to give care are called informal caregivers or family caregivers”.4

Common or Not

Are there many caregivers?

In the United States according to the Womenshealth.gov:

“Most Americans will be informal caregivers at some point during their lives. A 2012 survey found that 36% of Americans provided unpaid care to another adult with an illness or disability in the past year. That percentage is expected to go up as the proportion of people in the United States who are elderly increases. Also, changes in health care mean family caregivers now provide more home-based medical care. Nearly half of family caregivers in the survey said they give injections or manage medicines daily.

Also, most caregivers are women. And nearly three in five family caregivers have paid jobs in addition to their caregiving”.5

Caregiver Stress

What is caregiver’s stress?

In Caregiver Stress: What Is Caregiver Stress? the Womenshealth.gov elaborate on:

“Caregiver stress is due to the emotional and physical strain of caregiving. Caregivers report much higher levels of stress than people who are not caregivers. Many caregivers are providing help or are “on call” almost all day. Sometimes, this means there is little time for work or other family members or friends. Some caregivers may feel overwhelmed by the amount of care their aging, sick or disabled family member needs”.6

The Mayo Clinic also acknowledge:

“Caring for a loved one strains even the most resilient people. If you’re a caregiver, take steps to preserve your own health and well-being”.7

COVID-19 Stress

Can COVID-19 add more stress to caregiving?

In Women, Caregiving and COVID-19 the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention note:

“Women who are caregivers have a greater risk for poor physical and mental health, including depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic can add even more stressors to caregiving”.8

Caregiver Stress Signs

What are caregiver’s stress signs?

In Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself – Signs of Caregiver Stress the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“As a caregiver, you may be so focused on your loved one that you don’t see how caregiving affects your own health and well-being. The signs of caregiver stress include:

  • Feeling burdened or worried all the time
  • Feeling tired often
  • Sleeping too much or not enough
  • Gaining or losing weight
  • Becoming easily irked or angry
  • Losing interest in activities you used to enjoy
  • Feeling sad
  • Having frequent headaches, or other pains or health problems
  • Misuing alcohol or drugs, including prescription medicines
  • Missing your own medical appointments”.9

Caregiver Stress Management

What are stress management tips for caregivers?

In Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself – Strategies for Dealing With Caregiver Stress the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“To help manage caregiver stress:

  • Ask for and accept help…
  • Focus on what you can do…
  • Set goals you can reach…
  • Get connected…
  • Join a support group…
  • Seek social support…
  • Take care of your health…
  • See your health care professional…”.10

Unpaid Leave

Is it possible to take unpaid leave to be a caregiver?

DotC (Depending on the Country) taking a break from work may be possible. The Mayo Clinic note:

“Caregivers who work outside the home can feel burdened. If this describes you, think about taking a leave from your job for a time if you can afford to do so.

Employees covered under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act may be able to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave a year to care for relatives. Ask your human resources office about choices for unpaid leave”.11

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out about help and support for caregivers?

If you would like to find out about help and support for caregivers, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk about this to the health care provider of the person you are caring for or your health care provider.

Your country’s equivalent of a local community health center, national and/or state Departments/Center/Institute of Aging/Alzheimer’s Disease/Dementia/Health/Human Services/Seniors may also provide information about health services, financial assistance, respite care, support groups and other services.

For example, in the United States the Mayo Clinic explain:

“To start, check out the national Eldercare Locator or contact your local Area Agency on Aging to learn about services in your area. Or try your state’s Aging and Disability Resource Center. You can find these resources online or in a telephone directory.

There also are mobile apps and web-based services that give support to caregivers. These services can help build coping skills and teach about caregiving”.12

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics related to Caregivers?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Caregivers?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself. 09 August 2023.  Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/art-20044784 Accessed: 20 June 2024
  2. Caregiver Stress: What Is A Caregiver? Page Last Updated: 14 August 2023. Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/caregiver-stress.html Accessed: 20 June 2024
  3. Carers Week: Who Is A Carer? Carers Week https://www.carersweek.org/ Accessed: 20 June 2024
  4. Caregiver Stress: What Is A Caregiver? Page Last Updated: 14 August 2023. Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/caregiver-stress.html Accessed: 20 June 2024
  5. Caregiver Stress: Who Are Caregivers? Page Last Updated: 14 August 2023. Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/caregiver-stress.html Accessed: 20 June 2024
  6. Caregiver Stress: What Is Caregiver Stress? Page Last Updated: 14 August 2023. Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/caregiver-stress.html Accessed: 20 June 2024
  7. Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself. 09 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/art-20044784 Accessed: 20 June 2024
  8. Women, Caregiving, and COVID-19. Page Last Reviewed: 21 June 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/women/caregivers-covid-19/index.html Accessed: 20 June 2024
  9. Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself – Signs of Caregiver Stress. 09 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/art-20044784 Accessed: 20 June 2024
  10. Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself – Strategies for Dealing With Caregiver Stress. 09 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/art-20044784 Accessed: 20 June 2024
  11. Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself – The Caregiver Who Works Outside the Home. 09 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/art-20044784 Accessed: 20 June 2024
  12. Stress Management: In-Depth – Caregiver Stress: Tips for Taking Care of Yourself – You Aren’t Alone. 09 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/stress-management/in-depth/caregiver-stress/art-20044784 Accessed: 20 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 20 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 20 June 2024

Menopause News July 2024 includes
some evidence-based menopause news
by menopause societies and international sources.

Umbrella

What may the Menopause News July 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Latest News
  • Media Releases
  • Menopause News
  • News
  • Position Statements
  • Press Releases/Statements
  • Reports

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with Menopause News?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of Menopause News, because this information may have been updated.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what Menopause News July 2024 is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what Menopause News July 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Menopause News July 2024

What is some Menopause News July 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause News July 2024?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause News July 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Topic Last Updated: 02 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 June 2024

“There are many ways to treat hot flushes and vaginal
dryness, but no other treatment has been shown to be
as effective as oestrogen replacement therapy”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hot Flushes Treatment Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Complementary and Integrative Health
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy
  • Hormone Therapy
  • Hot Flashes/Flushes Treatment/s
  • NonHormonal Prescriptions
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Hormone Therapy

Is hormone therapy (HT) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) the most effective treatments for hot flushes?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Menopausal Hormone Therapy, published online 30 October 2023, the authors note:

“The most robust menopause Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) support MHT as the most effective treatment to alleviate VMS”.2

What is VMS?

VMS can be an abbreviation for Vasomotor Symptoms which include hot flushes and night sweats.

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – How Does MHT Work? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

Hot Flushes Treatment
“There are many ways to treat hot flushes and vaginal dryness, but no other treatment has been shown to be as effective as oestrogen replacement therapy”.3

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits, published July 2022, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) elaborate on:

“Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments available for bothersome hot flashes and night sweats. If hot flashes and night sweats are disrupting your daily activities and sleep, HT may improve sleep and fatigue, mood, ability to concentrate, and overall quality of life. Treatment of bothersome hot flashes and night sweats is the principal reason women use HT”.4

Uterus

Hot Flushes TreatmentWhat HT may women who have a uterus be prescribed for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms – Q. What Is Hormone Therapy? the NAMS note:

“A. …Women who still have a uterus need to take a progestogen in addition to estrogen or the estrogen-SERM combination to protect against uterine cancer”.5

What is another FDA-approved HT women who have a uterus may be prescribed for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause FAQs: Hot Flashes – Q. Are There Treatments for Hot Flashes? the NAMS explain:

“A. …Another FDA-approved hormone product for women with a uterus combines estrogen with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene instead of a progestogen. Bazedoxifene is an estrogen agonist/antagonist, which means that it works like estrogen in some tissues while inhibiting estrogen activity in others. In this case, it helps to protect the uterus from cancer”.6

No Uterus

Hot Flushes TreatmentWhat HT may women who do not have a uterus be prescribed for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms – Q. What Is Hormone Therapy? the NAMS note:

“A. …Women who have had a hysterectomy (had their uterus removed) can use estrogen alone to control their hot flashes”.7

Hormone Therapy Alternatives

Are HT alternatives available for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – Non Hormonal Options: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medication according to the JH:

“Some people can’t use menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), for example, if they’ve had hormone-positive (oestrogen-receptor-positive) breast cancer.

Some people don’t want to take MHT and prefer different treatment options, like non-hormonal prescription medications. These medications take around four weeks to be effective”.8

In Non-Estrogen Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms the European Menopause and Andropause Society explain:

“Non-estrogen-based treatments are for women who do not wish to take estrogen based menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) either through choice or because of concerns about comorbidities such as venous thromboembolism, or a personal or family history of hormone-dependent cancer (e.g. breast cancer)”.9

Hormone Therapy Alternatives Effectivesness

How effective are HT alternatives for hot flushes treatment?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Non-Hormonal Options With Evidence To Support Efficacy the authors elaborate on:

“While women are commonly told to avoid VMS triggers and dress in layers, there is no evidence that such advice is of value with respect to the severity or frequency of VMS. Activities such as yoga, mindfulness, relaxation and exercise have health benefits but have not been shown to be meaningful treatments for VMS. Similarly, nutritional supplements and botanicals have not been found to be more effective than placebo for moderately to severely bothersome VMS in robust clinical trials”.10

Herbs

How effective are herbs for hot flushes treatment?

The JH note:

“The use of herbs in menopause is based on longstanding traditional use, some of which is supported by scientific evidence (e.g. a recent study into the effectiveness of red clover). But more research is needed regarding the effectiveness and safety of some herbal therapies for the management of menopausal symptoms”.11

Black Cohosh

How effective is black cohosh for hot flushes treatment?

In Lots of Women Try Herbs Like Black Cohosh for Menopausal Symptoms Like Hot Flushes – But Does It Work?, published 20 September 2023, the authors note:

“Many women like to try herbal therapies for hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms. While black cohosh is generally considered safe and some women may find it helps them, at the moment there is not enough scientific evidence to show its effects are any better than placebo”.12

Dietary Supplements

How effective are dietary supplements for hot flushes treatment?

On page two in Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats the NAMS explain:

“There are many dietary supplements available over the counter and advertised as remedies for relief of hot flashes and night sweats. There are limited studies showing that these supplements are effective at relieving VMS, and there is a lack of government regulation ensuring their safety and purity, so none of these are recommended treatments for hot flashes and night sweats.

Despite the lack of evidence supporting their use for VMS, if you plan to use dietary supplements, let your health care professional know so they can ensure they are safe for you, that they don’t interact with any of your medications, and so that they can be appropriately monitored”.13

Antidepressants

What antidepressants can be used for hot flushes treatment?

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – Non Hormonal Options: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medication – Antidepressants according to the JH:

“Some antidepressants have been shown to relieve hot flushes. For example, venlafaxine, paroxetine, escitalopram and fluoxetine. Side effects may include nausea, dry mouth, hot flushes, sweats and insomnia.

Note: Paroxetine and fluoxetine can reduce the effectiveness of some cancer treatment medications”.14

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatments: Antidepressants the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“A low-dose form of paroxetine (Brisdelle) is the only nonhormone treatment for hot flashes approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Other antidepressants that have been used to treat hot flashes include:

  • Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
  • Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
  • Citalopram (Celexa)
  • Escitalopram (Lexapro)”.15

The Mayo Clinic also note:

“These medications aren’t as effective as hormone therapy for severe hot flashes, but they can be helpful to women who can’t use hormones. Possible side effects include nausea, difficulty sleeping or drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth or sexual dysfunction”.16

Other Medications

What other medications may be used for hot flushes treatment?

In Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatments: Other Prescription Medication the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Other medications that might offer relief for some women include:

  • Gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, others). Gabapentin is an anti-seizure medication that’s moderately effective in reducing hot flashes. Side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness, water retention in the limbs (edema) and fatigue
  • Pregabalin (Lyrica). Pregabalin is another anti-seizure medication that can be effective in reducing hot flashes. Side effects can include dizziness, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating and weight gain
  • Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL, Oxytrol). Oxybutynin is a pill or patch most often used to treat urinary conditions like overactive bladder. It may also help relieve hot flashes in some women. Side effects can include dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, nausea and dizziness
  • Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay, others). Clonidine, a pill or patch typically used to treat high blood pressure, might provide some relief from hot flashes. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth and constipation
  • Fezolinetant (Veozah). Veozah is a medicine for treating menopause hot flashes. It doesn’t have any hormones. It works by blocking a pathway in the brain that helps to regulate body temperature. You take a pill once a day by mouth. Side effects include belly pain, diarrhea, difficulty sleeping, back pain, hot flushes and elevated liver enzymes. People with liver disease should not take this medicine”.17

Bioidentical Hormones

Are bioidentical hormones or compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapies recommended for hot flushes treatment?

On page four of the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause one of the recommendations is:

  • “The use of compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapies is not recommended given the issues related to their purity, potency and safety. The potential benefits of bioidentical hormone therapy can be achieved using conventionally licensed products available through NHS prescribing without having to resort to compounded varieties from specialist pharmacies”.18

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my hot flushes treatment?

If you would like help with your hot flushes treatment, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

On page one of the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause one of the recommendations is:

  • “Women should be advised that implementing or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve menopause symptoms. A healthy diet (one low in saturated fat and salt and rich in calcium and vitamin D), stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and including regular exercise can be beneficial. Reducing caffeine intake may also improve symptoms”.19

In Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? Treating Menopause Symptoms – What’s Right for Me? the (United States) National Institute on Aging elaborate on:

“Deciding whether and how to treat the symptoms of the menopausal transition can be complicated and personal. Discuss your symptoms, family and medical history, and preferences with your doctor”.20

Health Topics A-Z

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In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

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Sources

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  1. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – How Does MHT Work? Last Updated: 08 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 18 June 2024
  2. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  3. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – How Does MHT Work? Last Updated: 08 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 18 June 2024
  4. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 18 June 2024
  5. Menopause FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms – Q. What Is Hormone Therapy? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-hormone-therapy-for-menopause-symptoms Accessed: 18 June 2024
  6. Menopause FAQs: Hot Flashes – Q. Are There Treatments for Hot Flashes? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-hot-flashes Accessed: 18 June 2024
  7. Menopause FAQs: Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms – Q. What Is Hormone Therapy? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-hormone-therapy-for-menopause-symptoms Accessed: 18 June 2024
  8. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – Non Hormonal Options: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medication. Last Updated: 08 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 18 June 2024
  9. Non-Estrogen Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society
    https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Non-estrogen-treatments-for-menopausal-symptoms.pdf
    Accessed: 18 June 2024
  10. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Non-Hormonal Options With Evidence To Support Efficacy. First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  11. Menopause Management Options: Natural Therapies (Complementary Medicine and Therapies). Last Updated: 08 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 18 June 2024
  12. Taylor, S. and Davis, S. Lots of Women Try Herbs Like Black Cohosh for Menopausal Symptoms Like Hot Flushes – But Does It Work? 20 September 2023 https://theconversation.com/lots-of-women-try-herbs-like-black-cohosh-for-menopausal-symptoms-like-hot-flushes-but-does-it-work-211272 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  13. Nonhormone Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats. July 2023:2. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/nonhormone-treatment-menonote.pdf Accessed: 18 June 2024
  14. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy – Non Hormonal Options: Non-Hormonal Prescription Medication – Antidepressants. Last Updated: 08 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 18 June 2024
  15. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Antidepressants. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  16. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Antidepressants. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  17. Hot Flashes: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment: Antidepressants. 12 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352795 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  18. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  19. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 18 June 2024
  20. Hot Flashes: What Can I Do? Treating Menopause Symptoms: What’s Right for Me? Content Reviewed: 30 September 2021. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hot-flashes-what-can-i-do Accessed: 18 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 18 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 18 June 2024

“Examples of mental illness include depression,
anxiety disorders, schizophrenia,
eating disorders and addictive behaviors”.1

Umbrella

What may the Mental Illness Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Mental Disorders
  • Mental Health Conditions/Disorders/Problems
  • Mental Ill Health
  • Mental Illness/Illnesses

Definition

What is mental illness?

DotS the definition of mental illness may vary. The (United States) National Alliance on Mental Illness’ (NAMI) definition is:

“A mental illness is a condition that affects a person’s thinking, feeling, behavior or mood”.2

In Mental Health Conditions the NAMI also explain:

NAMI recognizes that other organizations have drawn distinctions between what diagnoses are considered “mental health conditions” as opposed to “mental illnesses.” We intentionally use the terms “mental health conditions” and “mental illness/es” interchangeably”.3

Types

What are different types of mental illness?

DotS these may vary. The (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“Mental illness, also called mental health disorders, refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors”.4

In Mental Health Conditions the NAMI include:

  • “Anxiety Disorders
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD]
  • Bipolar Disorder
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Depression
  • Dissociative Disorders
  • Eating Disorders
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  • Psychosis
  • Schizoaffective Disorder
  • Schizophrenia”.5

Women

Can mental illness affect women and men differently?

Yes. In Women and Mental Health: Why Is Women’s Mental Health Important? the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) elaborate on:

Mental Illness“Some mental disorders are more common in women than men, including depression, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders.

There are also disorders unique to women. For example, some women experience symptoms of depression at times of hormone change, such as:

  • During or after pregnancy (perinatal depression)
  • Around the time of their period (premenstrual dysphoric disorder)
  • During the menopause transition (perimenopausal depression)”.6

In Women and Mental Health: Overview the NIMH also note:

“When it comes to other mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research has not found sex differences in the rates at which they are diagnosed. But certain symptoms may be more common in women, and the course of illness can be affected by a person’s sex. Researchers are beginning to tease apart the various biological and psychosocial factors that may impact mental health”.7

Signs and Symptoms

Can signs and symptoms of mental illness vary?

In Mental Illness: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors.

Examples of signs and symptoms include:

  • Feeling sad or down
  • Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate
  • Excessive fears or worries, or extreme feelings of guilt
  • Extreme mood changes of highs and lows
  • Withdrawal from friends and activities
  • Significant tiredness, low energy or problems sleeping
  • Detachment from reality (delusions), paranoia or hallucinations
  • Inability to cope with daily problems or stress
  • Trouble understanding and relating to situations and to people
  • Problems with alcohol or drug abuse
  • Major changes in eating habits
  • Sex drive changes
  • Excessive anger, hostility or violence
  • Suicidal thinking

Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headaches, or other unexplained aches and pains”.8

Cause

What may cause mental illness?

In Mental Health Conditions the NAMI explain:

“A mental health condition isn’t the result of one event. Research suggests multiple, linking causes. Genetics, environment and lifestyle influence whether someone develops a mental health condition. A stressful job or home life makes some people more susceptible, as do traumatic life events. Biochemical processes and circuits and basic brain structure may play a role, too”.9

Common or Not

How common is mental illness?

In the United States according to the NAMI in Individuals With Mental Illness:

“If you have a mental health condition, you’re not alone. One in 5 American adults experiences some form of mental illness in any given year. And across the population, 1 in every 20 adults is living with a serious mental health condition such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or long-term recurring major depression”.10

In the United Kingdom according to the Mental Health Foundation (MHF) in About Mental Health Problems:

“Mental health problems are very common. In a single week, at least one in six of us has problems with our mental health, according to the government’s major study of adults in England”.11

Treatment

How may mental illness treated?

The Mayo Clinic explain:

“Your treatment depends on the type of mental illness you have, its severity and what works best for you. In many cases, a combination of treatments works best.

If you have a mild mental illness with well-controlled symptoms, treatment from your primary care provider may be sufficient. However, often a team approach is appropriate to make sure all your psychiatric, medical and social needs are met. This is especially important for severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have a mental illness?

If you think you have a mental illness, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Finding A Mental Health Professional the NIMH elaborate on:

“The most important step in treating a mental health condition sometimes feels like a challenging one: finding a mental health professional. A trustworthy and knowledgeable mental health professional will be a valuable ally. It may take a little time and persistence to locate this ally or assemble a team of allies. Following the plan below can increase the chance of finding someone whom you feel comfortable working with.

  • Step 1: Think About Whom You’re Looking For…
  • Step 2: Gather Referrals…
  • Step 3: Make the Call…
  • Step 4: Ask Questions…
  • Step 5: Build A Relationship…”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Mental Illness?

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Links

Where may I find Links related to Mental Illness?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted:

Sources

  1. Mental Illness: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 13 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 Accessed: 17 June 2024
  2. Mental Health Conditions. National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions Accessed: 17 June 2024
  3. Mental Health Conditions. National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions Accessed: 17 June 2024
  4. Mental Illness: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 13 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 Accessed: 17 June 2024
  5. Mental Health Conditions. National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions Accessed: 17 June 2024
  6. Women and Mental Health: Why Is Women’s Mental Health Important? Last Reviewed: April 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health/index.shtml Accessed: 17 June 2024
  7. Women and Mental Health: Why Is Women’s Mental Health Important? Last Reviewed: April 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health/index.shtml Accessed: 17 June 2024
  8. Mental Illness: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms. 13 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 Accessed: 17 June 2024
  9. Mental Health Conditions. National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions Accessed: 17 June 2024
  10. Individuals With Mental Illness. National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Individuals-with-Mental-Illness Accessed: 17 June 2024
  11. About Mental Health Problems. Mental Health Foundation https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/about-mental-health-problems Accessed: 17 June 2024
  12. Mental Illness: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 13 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374974 Accessed: 17 June 2024
  13. Finding A Mental Health Professional. National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Individuals-with-Mental-Illness/Finding-a-Mental-Health-Professional Accessed: 17 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 17 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 17 June 2024