Menopause News August 2024 includes
some evidence-based menopause news
by menopause societies and international sources.

Umbrella

What may the Menopause News August 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Latest News
  • Media Releases
  • Menopause News
  • News
  • Position Statements
  • Press Releases/Statements
  • Reports

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with Menopause News?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of Menopause News, because this information may have been updated.

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If you would like to find out what Menopause News August 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Menopause News August 2024

What is some Menopause News August 2024?

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Topic Last Updated: 01 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 July 2024

“Body image is part of self-image. Our body image includes
more than what we look like or how others see us.
It also refers to how we think, feel, and react to…”.1

Body Image

What is body image?

Depending on the Source (DotS) the definition of body image may vary. The (United Kingdom) Mental Health Foundation’s (MHF) definition is:

“‘Body image’ is a term that can be used to describe how we think and feel about our bodies”.2

Self-Image

What is body image a part of?

The (United States) Cleveland Clinic’s note:

“Body image is part of self-image. Our body image includes more than what we look like or how others see us. It also refers to how we think, feel, and react to our own perception of our physical attributes”.3

Poor Body Image

What is poor body image?

In Body Image Report: Introduction – What Is Body Image? the MHF explain:

“Often, when we talk about ‘poor body image, we are referring to a feeling of being unsatisfied with our body – either because of appearance or the way it functions. This is described as ‘body dissatisfaction. In contrast, positive body image can be described as being satisfied with our body, holding respect, appreciation and accepting of its abilities, and having a healthy balance between valuing our body and valuing the other aspects of ourselves that make us ‘us’”.4

Factors

What factors shape and influence our body image?

In Fostering A Positive Self-Image: What Is Body Image? the Cleveland Clinic elaborate on:

“Body image development is affected by cultural images and the influence of family, peers, and others. A positive body image contributes to enhanced psychological adjustment (less depression, positive self-worth, life satisfaction, less interpersonal anxiety, fewer eating disorders). Distortions in our thinking contribute to a negative body image”.5

Enhance Body Image

What are specific steps to enhance body image?

In Fostering A Positive Self-Image: Specific Steps To Enhance Body Image the Cleveland Clinic include:

  • “Explore your personal body-image with its strengths and limitations
  • Confront thinking distortions related to your body
  • Challenge misleading assumptions about body appearance
  • Accept and love who you are
  • Be comfortable with your body
  • Have positive experiences with your body
  • Be a friend to your body with positive affirmations”.6

Menopause Body Image

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my body image?

If you would like help with your body image, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

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  1. Fostering A Positive Self-Image – What Is Body Image? This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 22 July 2024
  2. Body Image Report: Introduction – What Is Body Image? Mental Health Foundation https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/publications/body-image-report/intro Accessed: 22 July 2024
  3. Fostering A Positive Self-Image – What Is Body Image? This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 22 July 2024
  4. Body Image Report: Introduction – What Is Body Image? Mental Health Foundation https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/publications/body-image-report/intro Accessed: 22 July 2024
  5. Fostering A Positive Self-Image – What Is Body Image? This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 22 July 2024
  6. Fostering A Positive Self-Image: Specific Steps To Enhance Body-Image. This Document Was Last Reviewed on: 24 November 2020. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Stress_Management_and_Emotional_Health/hic_Fostering_a_Positive_Self-Image Accessed: 22 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 22 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 July 2024

“When you have diabetes, you’re more at risk of heart
disease. This is also called cardiovascular disease (CVD)
or coronary disease, and can lead to heart attacks and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Cardiovascular Conditions/Disorders
  • Cardiovascular Disease (CVD
  • Diabetes
  • Diseases/Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels
  • Diseases/Disorders of the Heart and Circulatory System
  • Heart and Circulatory Disease
  • Stroke

Cardiovascular Disease

What are cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

DotS the definition of CVD may vary. The British Heart Foundation’s definition is:

“Cardiovascular disease (CVD), also called heart and circulatory disease, is an umbrella name for conditions that affect your heart or circulation. These include high blood pressure, stroke and vascular dementia”.2

Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Is there an association between diabetes and CVD?

Yes. In Diabetes and Heart Disease the (United Kingdom) Diabetes UK explain:

“When you have diabetes, you’re more at risk of heart disease. This is also called cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary disease, and can lead to heart attacks and strokes

Cardiovascular disease affects your circulation too. And poor circulation makes other diabetes complications worse – like problems with your eyes and feet”.3

In Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes the American Heart Association elaborate on:

“The American Heart Association considers diabetes one of the major controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

In fact, people living with Type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop and die from cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks, strokes and heart failure, than people who don’t have diabetes”.4

In Diabetes, Heart Disease & Stroke the (United States) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute note:

“Having diabetes means you are more likely to develop heart disease. People with diabetes are also more likely to have certain risk factors, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol, that increase their chances of having a heart attack or a stroke”.5

Prevention

For people with diabetes, what may help prevent CVD?

In Diabetes and Heart Disease: Reducing Your Risk of Heart Attack or Heart Disease Diabetes UK elaborate on:

“The good news is, you can reduce your risk of having a heart attack or developing heart disease.

Here’s how:

  • Get your HbA1c, blood pressure and blood cholesterol (blood fats) measured at least once a year as part of your annual diabetes review…
  • Get help to stop smoking…
  • Eat a healthy, balanced diet to protect your heart
  • Be physically active and do some regular exercise
  • If you are living with obesity or overweight, get support to help you lose some weight…
  • Take your medication as prescribed…”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I have diabetes and think I am at risk for CVD?

If you have diabetes and think you are at risk for CVD, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

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  1. Diabetes and Heart Disease. Diabetes UK https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/complications/cardiovascular_disease Accessed: 19 July 2024
  2. Cardiovascular Heart Disease. Page Last Reviewed: October 2019. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/cardiovascular-heart-disease Accessed: 19 July 2024
  3. Diabetes and Heart Disease. Diabetes UK https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/complications/cardiovascular_disease Accessed: 19 July 2024
  4. Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Last Reviewed: 02 April 2024. American Heart Association https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/diabetes-complications-and-risks/cardiovascular-disease–diabetes Accessed: 19 July 2024
  5. Diabetes, Heart Disease, & Stroke. Last Reviewed: April 2021. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke Accessed: 19 July 2024
  6. Diabetes and Heart Disease: Reducing Your Risk of Heart Attack or Heart Disease. Diabetes UK https://www.diabetes.org.uk/Guide-to-diabetes/Complications/Cardiovascular_disease#reduce Accessed: 19 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 17 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 19 July 2024

“When a woman suspects she’s in perimenopause,
it is an excellent time to have a complete medical
examination by a qualified healthcare professional”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Checkup Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Medical Examination
  • Menopause Check-Up/Checkup

Checkup

When is it time for a menopause checkup?

In How Do I Know I’m In Menopause? The Bottom Line the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

Menopause Checkup“When a woman suspects she’s in perimenopause, it is an excellent time to have a complete medical examination by a qualified healthcare professional. The diagnosis of perimenopause can usually be made by reviewing a woman’s medical history, her menstrual history, and her signs and symptoms”.2

Regular Checkups

What regular checkups are needed?

In Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“Keep up with regular visits with your doctor for preventive health care and any medical concerns. Continue getting these appointments during and after menopause.

Preventive health care as you age may include recommended health screening tests, such as colonoscopy, mammography and triglyceride screening. Your doctor might recommend other tests and exams, too, including thyroid testing if suggested by your history, and breast and pelvic exams”.3

In Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause — Q. As I mature past menopause, how can I achieve the best possible health? the NAMS explain:

“A. Get the checkups you need and maintain a healthy lifestyle. The risks of osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer all rise after menopause. Most women visit their primary care doctor or gynecologist once a year for a well-woman visit, which insurance should now cover with no copay. Even height, weight, and blood pressure checks at your visit reveal a lot about your health risks, and you and your healthcare team can discuss other tests you might need, such as cholesterol measurements, PAP tests, and mammograms”.4

The NAMS also note:

“A… Physical inactivity, obesity, and unhealthy eating, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. The evidence continues to grow that getting active, losing excess weight, and healthy habits can reduce these risks”.5

Bleeding After Menopause

Is bleeding from the vagina normal after menopause?

No. The Mayo Clinic note:

“Always seek medical advice if you have bleeding from your vagina after menopause”.6

The (United Kingdom) NHS also note:

“Bleeding between periods, bleeding after having sex, or bleeding after the menopause needs to be checked by a doctor”.7

Health Care Provider

Apart from a menopause checkup and regular checkups, when should I see my health care provider?

In What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health explain:

“Talk to your doctor if you are worried about:

  • Irregular periods
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
  • Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, that interfere with your daily life”.8

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  1. How Do I Know I’m In Menopause? The Bottom Line. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/menopause-symptoms-and-treatments/how-do-i-know-i’m-in-menopause- Accessed: 19 July 2024
  2. How Do I Know I’m In Menopause? The Bottom Line. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/menopause-symptoms-and-treatments/how-do-i-know-i’m-in-menopause- Accessed: 19 July 2024
  3. Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 25 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20353397 Accessed: 19 July 2024
  4. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause — Q. As I mature past menopause, how can I  achieve the best possible health? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 19 July 2024
  5. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause — Q. As I mature past menopause, how can I  achieve the best possible health? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 19 July 2024
  6. Menopause: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 25 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20353397 Accessed: 19 July 2024
  7. Periods: Overview – Changes In Your Periods. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/periods/#changes-in-your-periods Accessed: 19 July 2024
  8. What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 19 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 19 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 19 July 2024

“Stress won’t disappear from your life. And stress management needs to be ongoing. But by paying attention to what causes your stress and practicing ways to relax…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Stress Management Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Coping/Dealing With Stress
  • Managing Stress
  • Stress Busters
  • Stress Management
  • Stress Management Techniques
  • Stress Reduction/Relief

Stress TriggersStress Management

What are stress triggers?

In Stress Management: Stress Relief the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“To monitor your stress, first identify your stress triggers. What makes you feel angry, tense, worried or irritable? Do you often get headaches or an upset stomach with no medical cause? Is it hard to focus or do you have trouble sleeping at night?”2

Strategies

What are some strategies for dealing with stress triggers?

In Stress Management: Stress Relief the Mayo Clinic also note:

“Once you’ve identified your stress triggers, think about strategies for dealing with them. Identifying what you can and can’t control is a good starting point. For example, if stress keeps you up at night, the solution may be as easy as removing the TV and computer from your bedroom and letting your mind wind down before bed.

Other times, such as when stress is based on high demands at work or a loved one’s illness, you might be able to change only your reaction”.3

Coping Techniques

What are some stress management coping techniques?

In I’m So Stressed Out Fact Sheet: Coping With Stress and Anxiety the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) elaborate on:

“Learning what causes or triggers your stress and what coping techniques work for you can help reduce your anxiety and improve your daily life. It may take trial and error to discover what works best for you. Here are some activities you can try when you start to feel overwhelmed:

  • Keep a journal
  • Download an app that provides relaxation exercises (such as deep breathing or visualization) or tips for practicing mindfulness, which is a psychological process of actively paying attention to the present moment
  • Exercise, and make sure you are eating healthy, regular meals
  • Stick to a sleep routine, and make sure you are getting enough sleep
  • Avoid drinking excess caffeine such as soft drinks or coffee
  • Identify and challenge your negative and unhelpful thoughts
  • Reach out to your friends or family members who help you cope in a positive way”.4

Physical Activity

Is there an association between physical activity and stress?

In Caring for Your Mental Health: How Can I Take care of My Mental Health? the NIMH note:

  • “Get Regular Exercise. Just 30 minutes of walking every day can help boost your mood and improve your health. Small amounts of exercise add up, so don’t be discouraged if you can’t do 30 minutes at one time”.5

Alcohol or Not

Can alcohol help with stress?

In Alcohol and Stress: Why Alcohol Makes Stress Worse the (United Kingdom) Drinkaware.co.uk explains:

“The more alcohol you drink, the greater the effect it has on your brain function and – potentially – your mental health. Regardless of the mood you’re in before drinking, alcohol’s effect on the brain can lead to feelings of being less inhibited, depression, aggression, anger, anxiety – or stress.

Drinking alcohol can also interfere with your sleep, making stress harder to deal with”.6

Disappear or Not

Does stress just disappear?

According to the Mayo Clinic:

“Stress won’t disappear from your life. And stress management needs to be ongoing. But by paying attention to what causes your stress and practicing ways to relax, you can counter some of the bad effects of stress and increase your ability to cope with challenges”.7

Online Programs and Apps

Are stress management online programs and Apps available?

Depending on your Country, stress management online programs and Apps may be available.

Your health care provider may know of your Country’s recommended stress management online programs and Apps.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help to manage my stress?

If you would like help to manage your stress, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In I’m So Stressed Out! Fact Sheet: Recognize When You Need More Help the NIMH explain:

“If you are struggling to cope, or the symptoms of your stress or anxiety won’t go away, it may be time to talk to a professional. Psychotherapy (also called talk therapy) and medication are the two main treatments for anxiety, and many people benefit from a combination of the two”.8

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  1. Stress Management: Stress Relief. 18 November 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495 Accessed: 17 July 2024
  2. Stress Management: Stress Relief. 18 November 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495 Accessed: 17 July 2024
  3. Stress Management: Stress Relief. 18 November 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495 Accessed: 17 July 2024
  4. I’m So Stressed Out! Fact Sheet: Coping With Stress and Anxiety National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet Accessed: 17 July 2024
  5. Caring for Your Mental Health: How Can I Take care of My Mental Health? Last Reviewed: February 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health Accessed: 17 July 2024
  6. Alcohol and Stress: Why Alcohol Makes Stress Worse. Last Reviewed: 28 September 2022. Drinkaware.co.uk https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-and-stress Accessed: 17 July 2024
  7. Stress Management: Stress Relief. 18 November 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495 Accessed: 17 July 2024
  8. I’m So Stressed Out! Fact Sheet: Recognize When You Need More Help. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet Accessed: 17 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 17 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 17 July 2024

“Getting screening tests regularly may find
breast, cervical, and colorectal (colon) cancers early,
when treatment is likely to work best”.1

Umbrella

What may the Cancer Screening Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Bowel Cancer Screening
  • Breast Cancer Screening
  • Breast Screening
  • Cancer Early Detection
  • Cancer Screening
  • Cervical Cancer Screening
  • Cervical Screening
  • Colorectal (Colon) Cancer Screening
  • Screening and Early Detection

Definition

What is cancer screening?

DotS the definition of cancer screening may vary. The (United States) National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) definition is:

  • “Cancer screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms”.2

Early Detection

Why is getting screening tests regularly important?

The (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) explain:

“Getting screening tests regularly may find breast, cervical, and colorectal (colon) cancers early, when treatment is likely to work best. Lung cancer screening is recommended for some people who are at high risk”.3

Cancer Australia note:

“Finding cancer at an early stage increases the chances of successful treatment and improved survival”.4

Types

What are three types of cancer screening?

These may be:

  • Bowel/Colon/Colorectal Cancer Screening
  • Breast Cancer Screening/Breast Screening
  • Cervical Cancer Screening/Cervical Screening

Ovarian, Prostate and Skin Cancers

Why is there no screening for ovarian, prostate and skin cancers?

In Cancer Screening Tests: Screening for Other Kinds of Cancer the CDC elaborate on:

“Screening for ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, testicular, and thyroid cancers has not been shown to reduce deaths from those cancers. The USPSTF found too little evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for bladder cancer and oral cancer in adults without symptoms, and of visual skin exams by a doctor to screen for skin cancer in adults”.5

What is USPSTF?

USPSTF is an abbreviation for the United States Preventative Services Task Force.

Screening Programs

Where may women find information about cancer screening or early detection programs?

Women may find information about cancer screening or early detection programs from their health care provider or their country’s equivalent of a local community health center or a national and/or state Department/Center/Institute of Aging/Cancer/Disease Control and Prevention/Health/Human Services.

Or your country may have a program similar to the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) program. In National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP): Find A Screening Program Near You – What To Know the CDC elaborate on:

Cancer Screening“CDC’s National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides breast and cervical cancer screenings and diagnostic services to women who have low incomes and are uninsured or underinsured”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to be screened for cancer?

If you would like to be screened for cancer, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about the screening tests you require.

Health Topics A-Z

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  1. Cancer: Cancer Screening Tests – Overview. 17 October 2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prevention/screening.html Accessed: 17 July 2024
  2. Cancer Screening Overview (PDQ)–Patient Version: What Is Cancer Screening? Key Facts. Updated: 20 October 2023. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/overview/patient Accessed: 17 July 2024
  3. Cancer: Cancer Screening Tests – Overview. 17 October 2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prevention/screening.html Accessed: 17 July 2024
  4. Screening. Cancer Australia https://canceraustralia.gov.au/healthy-living/screening Accessed: 17 July 2024
  5. Cancer: Cancer Screening Tests – Screening for Other Kinds of Cancer. 17 October 2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prevention/screening.html Accessed: 17 July 2024
  6. National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP): Find A Screening Program Near You – What To Know. 10 January 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cervical-cancer-screening/about/screenings.htm Accessed: 17 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 27 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 17 July 2024

“Knowing your numbers is an important part of keeping
your heart healthy. Checking your blood pressure,
cholesterol levels and blood sugar levels…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Know Your Numbers Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Key Health Measures
  • Know Your Health Numbers
  • Know Your Numbers
  • Know Your Risks, Know Your Numbers

Numbers

What numbers do women (and men) need to know?

In Know Your Numbers They Could Just Save Your Life the (United States) Go Red for Women elaborate on:

“You can’t manage what you don’t measure, which is why knowing your risk is critical to preventing cardiovascular disease. And knowing your risk starts with knowing your numbers.

Talk to your healthcare provider today to learn about your Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Blood Sugar and BMI (Body Mass Index). Your heart depends on it”.2

Menopause

Know Your NumbersWhat is the association between menopause and cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke)?

In What Is Menopause: Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause – Postmenopause: Heart Health the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health note:

“Before menopause, women have a lower risk of heart disease than men. However, as women age and their oestrogen levels fall, their risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Heart disease is one of the leading cause of death for Australian women. Heart disease also claims three times as many lives as breast cancer”.3

Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Is there an association between prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and CVD?

In Know Your Numbers the American Heart Association (AHA) elaborate on:

“People with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes are more likely to have high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood sugar. They are also likely to be overweight or obese. All these factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other serious health problems”.4

Protect Your Heart

How can women (and men) protect their hearts?

In What Is Cardiovascular Disease? What Can You Do To Lower Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease? Know Your Numbers the World Heart Federation elaborate on:

“Knowing your numbers is an important part of keeping your heart healthy. Checking your blood pressure, cholesterol levels and blood sugar levels on a regular basis is important to help determine and control your risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

  • Know your blood pressure…
  • Know your cholesterol…
  • Know your blood sugar…”.5

Regular Checkups

Even if I feel fine, should I still see my health care provider for regular checkups?

Yes. In Health Screenings for Women Ages 40 To 64: Information the (United States) MedlinePlus note:

“Even if you feel fine, you should still see your provider for regular checkups. These visits can help you avoid problems in the future. For example, the only way to find out if you have high blood pressure is to have it checked regularly. High blood sugar and high cholesterol levels also may not have any symptoms in the early stages. A simple blood test can check for these conditions”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to know my numbers?

If you would like to know your numbers, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Heart Disease Prevention: Know Your Heart Disease Numbers the [United States] Department of Health and Human Services’ Office on Women’s Health, encourage us to:

“Ask your doctor to check your blood pressure, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) and blood sugar levels. Under the Affordable Care Act, most insurance plans must cover these tests at no cost to you. These tests will give you important information about your heart health. Your doctor can tell you what your numbers mean and what you need to do to protect your heart”.7

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Sources

  1. What Is Cardiovascular Disease? What Can You Do To Lower Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease? Know Your Numbers. World Heart Federation https://world-heart-federation.org/what-is-cvd/ Accessed: 16 July 2024
  2. Know Your Numbers They Could Just Save Your Life. Go Red for Women https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/know-your-numbers Accessed: 16 July 2024
  3. What Is Menopause: Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause – Postmenopause: Heart Health. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/health-after-menopause Accessed: 16 July 2024
  4. Know Your Numbers. Last Reviewed: 04 April 2024. American Heart Association https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/prevention–treatment-of-diabetes/know-your-health-numbers Accessed: 16 July 2024
  5. What Is Cardiovascular Disease? What Can You Do To Lower Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease? Know Your Numbers. World Heart Federation https://world-heart-federation.org/what-is-cvd/ Accessed: 16 July 2024
  6. Health Screenings for Women Ages 40 To 64: Information. Review Date: 21 May 2024. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007467.htm Accessed: 16 July 2024
  7. Heart Disease Prevention: Know Your Heart Disease Numbers. Page Last Updated: 17 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-disease-prevention Accessed: 16 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 09 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 16 July 2024

“If you are 45 years old or older, talk to your doctor
about screening. If you think you may be at increased risk
for colorectal cancer, speak with your doctor…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Bowel Cancer Screening Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Bowel Cancer Screening
  • Bowel Screening
  • Colorectal Cancer Control
  • Colorectal Cancer Screening

Screening

What is screening?

DotS the definition of screening may vary. In Colorectal Cancer Screening (PDQ)–Patient Version: What Is Screening? the (United States) National Cancer Institute’s definition is:

“Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread”.2

Bowel Cancer Screening

Why is bowel cancer screening important?

In Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Basics – What It Is the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) elaborate on:

“Sometimes abnormal growths, called polyps, form in the colon or rectum. Over time, some polyps may turn into cancer. Screening tests can find polyps so they can be removed before turning into cancer. Screening also helps find colorectal cancer at an early stage, when treatment works best”.3

Start

When may women start regular bowel cancer screening?

Depending on You (DoY), DotS and/or Depending on Your Country’s (DoYC’s) bowel cancer screening program, when women may start regular bowel cancer screening can vary. It may therefore be in your best interest to choose to check what’s-what for you.

How Often

How often may women have regular bowel cancer screening?

DoY, DotS and/or DoYC’s bowel cancer screening program, how often women may have regular bowel cancer screening can vary. It may therefore be in your best interest to choose to check what’s-what for you.

Stop

When may women stop having regular bowel cancer screening?

DoY, DotS and/or DoYC’s bowel cancer screening program, when women may stop regular bowel cancer screening can vary. It may therefore be in your best interest to choose to check what’s-what for you.

Screening Programs

Where may women (or men) find information about bowel cancer screening programs?

Women (and men) may find information about bowel cancer screening or early detection programs from their health care provider or their country’s equivalent of a local community health center, national and/or state Department/Center/Institute of Aging/Cancer/Disease Control and Prevention/Health/Human Services.

Bowel Cancer Screening

Health Care Provider

What if I think I am at risk for bowel cancer?

If you think you are at risk for bowel cancer, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The CDC note:

“If you are 45 years old or older, talk to your doctor about screening. If you think you may be at increased risk for colorectal cancer, speak with your doctor about when to begin screening, which test is right for you, and how often to get tested”.4

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Bowel Cancer Screening?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Bowel Cancer Screening?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Basics – What It Is. Last Reviewed: 12 June 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/about/ Accessed: 16 July 2024
  2. Colorectal Cancer Screening (PDQ)–Patient Version: What Is Screening? Updated: 20 October 2023. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colorectal-screening-pdq Accessed: 16 July 2024
  3. Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Basics – What It Is. Last Reviewed: 12 June 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/about/ Accessed: 16 July 2024
  4. Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Basics – What It Is. Last Reviewed: 12 June 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/about/ Accessed: 16 July 2024

Topic Last Updated: 16 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 16 July 2024

“After menopause, some women report chronically dry and scratchy eyes, often along with light sensitivity, blurred vision, or swollen or reddened eyelids—a condition…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Healthy Eyes Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Eye Care
  • Eye Health
  • Eyes
  • Vision

40 Years and Older

What are the major causes of vision loss for individuals aged 40 years and older?

In Vision and Eye Health: Health Frequently Asked Questions: About Common Eye Disorders and Diseases – Overview the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention note:

“The leading causes of blindness and low vision in the United States are primarily age-related eye diseases. Those diseases include age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Other common eye disorders include amblyopia and strabismus”.2

Women

Do women suffer from vision problems more than men?

In Your Sight: Women’s Eye and Vision Health the (United States) Prevent Blindness elaborate on:

“Women Suffer From Vision Problems More Than Men. They are:

  • 65% of people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
  • 61% of people with glaucoma
  • 61% of people with cataract
  • 56% of people with refractive error
  • 63% of people with vision impairment
  • 66% of people who are blind”.3

Menopause

Healthy EyesIs there an association between menopause and eyes?

In Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. My eyes itch and sometimes tear. Is this something that can be treated? the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

“A. After menopause, some women report chronically dry and scratchy eyes, often along with light sensitivity, blurred vision, or swollen or reddened eyelids—a condition called chronic dry eye. Tearing can also be a symptom, because the eye produces more watery tears to compensate, although these tears don’t lubricate the eyes the way healthy tears do. Sometimes, the condition is caused by certain diseases (such as Sjögren syndrome) or drugs (such as allergy medications and antidepressants)”.4

The NAMS also note:

“Consult your eye care team about what may be the cause in your case and the therapies available to help provide relief. In mild cases, over-the-counter artificial tear drops or gels can help. Drinking more water and taking omega 3 supplements may also be beneficial. More severe cases may require plugging tear ducts to keep tears in the eyes longer or prescription medication”.5

Dry Eye

What is dry eye?

DotS the definition of dry eye may vary. The (United States) National Eye Institute’s (NEI) definition is:

“Dry eye happens when your eyes don’t make enough tears to stay wet, or when your tears don’t work correctly. This can make your eyes feel uncomfortable, and in some cases it can also cause vision problems”.6

In Dry Eye: What Are the Symptoms of Dry Eye? the NEI also explain:

“Dry eye can cause:

  • A scratchy feeling, like there’s something in your eye
  • Stinging or burning feelings in your eye
  • Red eyes
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Blurry vision”.7

How common is dry eye?

The NEI note:

  • “Dry eye is common — it affects millions of Americans every year”.8

Is there an association between dry eye and menopause?

In Dry Eye: Am I At Risk for Dry Eye? the NEI elaborate on:

“Anyone can get dry eye, but you might be more likely to have dry eye if you:

  • Age 50 or older
  • Are female…”.9

8 Things You Can Do

What are 8 Things You Can Do Right Now To Protect Your Vision?

In 8 Things You Can Do Right Now To Protect Your Vision the NEI elaborate on:

Healthy Vision Month

“As you get older, your risk for some eye diseases may increase. But there’s a lot you can do to keep your eyes healthy — and it all starts with taking care of your overall health. Set yourself up for a lifetime of seeing your best with these 8 tips!

  1. Find an eye doctor you trust
  2. Ask how often you need a dilated eye exam
  3. Add more movement to your day
  4. Get your family talking… about eye health history!
  5. Step up your healthy eating game
  6. Make a habit of wearing your sunglasses — even on cloudy days
  7. Stay on top of long-term health conditions — like diabetes and high blood pressure
  8. If you smoke, make a quit plan”.10

Eye Test

Why is an eye test important?Healthy Eyes

In Sight Tests: Why Is A Sight Test Important? Visionmatters.org.uk also note:

“Many people think that a sight test is just about checking whether your vision needs correcting with glasses or contact lenses. But there are other important reasons to have a regular sight test.

A sight test is a vital check on the health of the eyes and includes the detection of eye conditions. Many of these, if found early, can be treated successfully, avoiding potential sight loss.

A sight test can also detect other health conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes”.11

Eye Test Frequency

How often should most people have an eye test?

Visionmatters.org.uk explain:

“Most people should have a sight test once every two years.

Certain groups may need a sight test more frequently. These include:

  • People with a history of eye conditions in the family
  • People over 40 of Afro-carribean or Asian origin

Speak to your optometrist for individual advice”.12

Free/Low Cost Eye Tests

Do some countries have free eye tests?

Your eye health care provider, health care provider, social worker, local community health center or hospital; may know about free or low cost eye tests.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my eyes?

If you would like help with your eyes, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your eye health care provider or health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Healthy Eyes?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Healthy Eyes?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. My eyes itch and sometimes tear. Is this something that can be treated? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 15 July 2024
  2. Vision and Eye Health: Health Frequently Asked Questions: About Common Eye Disorders and Diseases – Overview. Last Reviewed: 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/about-eye-disorders/index.html Accessed: 15 July 2024
  3. Your Sight: Women’s Eye and Vision Health. Prevent Blindness. https://preventblindness.org/womens-healthy-eyes-now/ Accessed: 15 July 2024
  4. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. My eyes itch and sometimes tear. Is this something that can be treated? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 15 July 2024
  5. Menopause FAQs: Your Health After Menopause – Q. My eyes itch and sometimes tear. Is this something that can be treated? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopause-faqs-your-health-after-menopause Accessed: 15 July 2024
  6. Dry Eye: What Is Dry Eye? Last Updated: 15 November 2023. National Eye Institute https://nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye Accessed: 15 July 2024
  7. Dry Eye: What Are the Symptoms of Dry Eye? Last Updated: 15 November 2023. National Eye Institute https://nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye Accessed: 15 July 2024
  8. Dry Eye: What Is Dry Eye? Last Updated: 15 November 2023. National Eye Institute https://nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye Accessed: 15 July 2024
  9. Dry Eye: Am I At Risk for Dry Eye? Last Updated: 15 November 2023. National Eye Institute https://nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye Accessed: 15 July 2024
  10. 8 Things You Can Do Right Now to Protect Your Vision. Last Updated: 01 November 2022. National Eye Institute https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/8-things-you-can-do-right-now-protect-your-vision Accessed: 15 July 2024
  11. Sight Tests: Why Is A Sight Test Important? Visionmatters.org.uk https://www.visionmatters.org.uk/sight-tests/sight-tests Accessed: 15 July 2024
  12. Sight Tests: How Often Should I Have A Sight Test? Visionmatters.org.uk http://www.visionmatters.org.uk/sight-tests/sight-tests Accessed: 15 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 03 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 15 July 2024

“Pain that is felt in your lower belly
and above your legs
is called pelvic pain”.1

Umbrella

What may the Pelvic Pain Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Deep Dyspareunia
  • Pelvic Pain
  • Pudendal Neuralgia

Pelvic Pain

What is pelvic pain?

DotS the definition of pelvic pain may vary. The Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s (JH) definition is:

“Pain that is felt in your lower belly and above your legs is called pelvic pain”.2

The (United Kingdom) NHS definition is:

“Pelvic pain is felt in the lower part of your tummy. The type of pain varies, and it may be sudden and severe (acute pelvic pain) or last 6 months or longer (chronic pelvic pain)”.3

Chronic Pelvic Pain

What is chronic pelvic pain?

DotS the definition of chronic pelvic pain may vary. In Chronic Pelvic Pain In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Chronic pelvic pain is pain in the area below the bellybutton and between the hips that lasts six months or longer”.4

Women

Is pelvic pain more common in women?

In Pelvic Pain: Pelvic Pain In Women the NHS elaborate on:

“Pelvic pain is more common in women and common causes include:

  • Period pain
  • Conditions affecting female reproductive organs, such as an ovarian cyst or endometriosis
  • Pelvic pain in pregnancy

Rarely it could be something more serious, like an ectopic pregnancy, womb cancer or ovarian cancer”.5

Common or Not

How common is pelvic pain in women?

In For Women and People Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB): Endometriosis the Pelvic Pain Foundation of Australia note:

“Pelvic pain affects 1 in 5 Women and People Assigned Female at Birth at some time in their life, yet it is a condition that is rarely discussed”.6

In May Is Pelvic Pain Awareness Month the International Pelvic Pain Society elaborate on:

“Nearly 25 MILLION Americans and (25% of the world’s population) suffer with chronic pelvic pain conditions such as Endometriosis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Interstitial Cystitis, Myofascial Pelvic Pain, and much more. Yet, less than 5% of those who live with this type of pain have access to a healthcare provider who specializes in pelvic pain”.7

Endometriosis

What is endometriosis?

DotS the definition of endometriosis or “endo” may vary. In Endometriosis the JH elaborate on:

“Endometriosis is a condition where cells similar to those that line the uterus are found in other parts of the body, mainly in the pelvis and reproductive organs. This condition can cause mild to severe pain and may affect your fertility.

Endometriosis affects about one in seven women of reproductive age”.8

In Endometriosis: Symptoms and Causes – Complications the JH note:

“Endometriosis can affect different systems in the body. While pelvic pain is the most common symptom, women with endometriosis have a higher risk of other pain conditions, such as migraines and arthritis . Back, bladder and bowel pain, and associated conditions, are also common in women with endometriosis”.9

Pudendal Neuralgia

What is pudendal neuralgia?

In Pudendal Neuralgia: Disease At A Glance – Summary the (United States) Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center elaborate on:

“Pudendal Neuralgia occurs when the pudendal nerve is injured, irritated, or compressed. Symptoms include burning pain (often unilateral), tingling, or numbness in any of the following areas: buttocks, genitals, or perineum (area between the buttocks and genitals). Symptoms are typically present when a person is sitting but often go away when the person is standing or lying down. The pain tends to increase as the day progresses. Additional symptoms include pain during sex and needing to urinate frequently and/or urgently”.10

Look for A Pattern

Bowel Incontinence PatternCan keeping a record of the symptoms help?

In Pelvic Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help – Key Advice for Persistent Pelvic Pain the JH note:

“3. Keep track of your symptoms in a form that is easy and accessible for you. Jean Hailes has an excellent Period pain & symptom diary that you can download for free. Writing down your symptoms and treatments can be helpful when talking to different health professionals. It can also help you to work out if you are making progress”.11

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have pelvic pain?

If you think you have pelvic pain, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Chronic Pelvic Pain In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor the Mayo Clinic explain:

“In general, see your healthcare professional if the pain disrupts your daily life or if your symptoms seem to get worse”.12

In Pelvic Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help – Key Advice for Persistent Pelvic Pain the JH elaborate on:

Pelvic Pain

  1. “If you feel you are not being heard by your doctor or health professional, do not be afraid to seek a second opinion
  2. A multidisciplinary team (one made up of experts in different fields) has been shown to be the best for managing persistent pelvic pain. Chronic pain is not just the immediate pain, but also involves and affects a number of areas of health and life, so approaching it from different angles and treating the whole person is crucial. The multidisciplinary team can include a specialist women’s health GP, a gynaecologist, a a pain specialist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a sexual counsellor, a naturopath and other complementary therapists”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Pelvic Pain?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Pelvic Pain?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Pelvic Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help. Last Updated: 16 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 02 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/pelvic-pain-know-the-differences-and-when-to-seek-help Accessed: 15 July 2024
  2. Pelvic Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help. Last Updated: 16 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 02 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/pelvic-pain-know-the-differences-and-when-to-seek-help Accessed: 15 July 2024
  3. Pelvic Pain. Page Last Reviewed: 17 March 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pelvic-pain/ Accessed: 15 July 2024
  4. Chronic Pelvic Pain In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 28 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20354368 Accessed: 15 July 2024
  5. Pelvic Pain: Pelvic Pain In Women. Page Last Reviewed: 17 March 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pelvic-pain/#sudden-unexpected-pelvic-pain Accessed: 15 July 2024
  6. For Women and People Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB): Endometriosis. Pelvic Pain Foundation of Australia https://www.pelvicpain.org.au/for-women/ Accessed: 15 July 2024
  7. May Is Pelvic Pain Awareness Month. International Pelvic Pain Society https://www.pelvicpain.org/resources/may-is-pelvic-pain-awareness-month Accessed: 15 July 2024
  8. Endometriosis. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/endometriosis Accessed: 15 July 2024
  9. Endometriosis: Symptoms and Causes – Complications. Last Updated: 12 March 2024 | Last Reviewed: 31 January 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/endometriosis/symptoms-causes Accessed: 15 July 2024
  10. Pudendal Neuralgia: Disease At A Glance – Summary. Last Updated: June 2024. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10713/pudendal-neuralgia Accessed: 15 July 2024
  11. Pelvic Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help – Key Advice for Persistent Pelvic Pain. Last Updated: 16 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 02 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/pelvic-pain-know-the-differences-and-when-to-seek-help Accessed: 15 July 2024
  12. Chronic Pelvic Pain In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 28 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20354368 Accessed: 15 July 2024
  13. Pelvic Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help – Key Advice for Persistent Pelvic Pain. Last Updated: 16 May 2024 | Last Reviewed: 02 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/pelvic-pain-know-the-differences-and-when-to-seek-help Accessed: 15 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 15 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 15 July 2024