Menopause Videos 2024 showcases evidence-based
menopause videos by menopause societies
and international sources.

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Videos 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Menopause Videos
  • Menopause Webcasts
  • Menopause Webinars

European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS)

International Menopause Society

Menopause Society
[formerly The North American Menopause Society]

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what information in menopause videos 2024 is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what information in menopause videos 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

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“Are hormones right for me?
Why? What are the benefits?
What are the serious risks and common side effects?”1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy Questions To Ask Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Questions To Ask
  • Hormone Therapy (HT) Questions To Ask
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) Questions To Ask
  • Menopause and Hormones Common Questions
  • Menopause and Hormones Questions To Ask Your Doctor

5Ws of Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT)

What are the International Menopause Society’s (IMS) 5Ws of Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) A Practical Guide?

Hormone Therapy Questions To AskOn page two of Menopause and Menopause Hormone Therapy: The 5Ws of Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) A Practical Guide, the IMS’s Leaflet for Women for World Menopause Day 2024, the IMS elaborate on:

“In this leaflet, you will learn about the 5Ws, “Who, What, When, Why and Where”, of MHT to guide you no matter where you are in the world.

  1. Who is MHT for…?
  2. What is MHT for…?
  3. When should MHT be started and stopped…?
  4. Why is MHT important…?
  5. Where can you get MHT…?”2

Questions

What are questions to ask about hormone therapy (HT)?

In Menopause: Medicines To Help You: Important Questions To Ask About Menopause Hormone Medicines the (United States) Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) include:

  • “Are hormones right for me? Why?
  • What are the benefits?
  • What are the serious risks and common side effects?
  • How long should I use hormone therapy?
  • What is the lowest dose that will work for me?
  • Are there any non-hormone medicines that I can take?”3

In the NICE Guideline Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause – Treatment for Menopausal Symptoms the (British) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), include these and more questions:

  • “What types of treatment are suitable for my symptoms?
  • What are the benefits and risks of different treatments?
  • Are there any complementary therapies that could help?
  • I use complementary therapies for my symptoms – are these safe to take alongside other treatments?
  • If I already take an antidepressant, will that affect any treatments I can try for mood changes during menopause?
  • Can you tell me why you are recommending hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
  • If I don’t want to take HRT, or can’t for medical reasons, what other treatments are there?…”.4

In Menopause Treatment: Questions For Your Healthcare Provider the (United States) Endocrine Society include:

  • “What do you think are possible triggers for my hot flashes?
  • Are there any lifestyle or dietary interventions that may diminish my symptoms?
  • Should I consider medication for treatment of my symptoms? Hormonal or non-hormonal?
  • If you are interested in hormonal therapy: Am I a good candidate for hormonal therapy, specifically are my cardiovascular and breast cancer risks low?
  • Which lifestyle changes can I make that will decrease my menopause symptoms without medicine?
  • Are there any alternative medicine treatments you would recommend I try for relief of my menopause symptoms?
  • Are there any alternative medicines I should not use because they could interfere with medicines I take?”5

Risk Questions

What are some questions to ask about HT risks?

In Hormone therapy: Is It Right for You? Who Can Benefit From Hormone Therapy? If You Take Hormone Therapy, How Can You Reduce Risk? the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Talk to your doctor about these strategies:

  • Find the best product and delivery method for you. You can take estrogen in the form of a pill, patch, gel, vaginal cream, or slow-releasing suppository or ring that you place in your vagina…
  • Minimize the amount of medication you take…
  • Seek regular follow-up care…
  • Make healthy lifestyle choices…

If you haven’t had a hysterectomy and are using systemic estrogen therapy, you’ll also need progestin. Your doctor can help you find the delivery method that offers the most benefits and convenience with the least risks and cost”.6

Vaginal Symptoms

Can HT options vary for vaginal symptoms?

In Hormone therapy: Is It Right for You? Who Can Benefit From Hormone Therapy? If You Take Hormone Therapy, How Can You Reduce Risk? the Mayo Clinic note:

“If you experience only vaginal symptoms related to menopause, estrogen in a low-dose vaginal cream, tablet or ring is usually a better choice than an oral pill or a skin patch”.7

Long-Term Use

Hormone Therapy Questions To AskHow long can HT be used for?

On page six of Menopause and Menopause Hormone Therapy: The 5Ws of Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) A Practical Guide – 3. When Should MHT Be Started and Stopped? Long-Term Use the IMS note:

“There is no strict limit on how long you can use MHT, but long-term use may carry certain small risks, such as increased chances of breast cancer or blood clots. Your healthcare professional will help weigh these risks against the benefits based on your personal health history, and you should have at least an annual discussion of this risk : benefit balance”.8

Health Care Provider

How important is it to review treatment options on a regular basis?

In Hormone therapy: Is It Right for You? The Bottom Line: Hormone Therapy Isn’t All Good or All Bad the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“To determine if hormone therapy is a good treatment option for you, talk to your doctor about your individual symptoms and health risks. Be sure to keep the conversation going throughout your menopausal years.

As researchers learn more about hormone therapy and other menopausal treatments, recommendations may change. If you continue to have bothersome menopausal symptoms, review treatment options with your doctor on a regular basis”.9

Health Topics A-Z

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Sources

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Sources

  1. Menopause: Medicines To Help You – Important Questions To Ask About Menopause Hormone Medicines. Content Current As of: 22 August 2019. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/ucm118627.htm Accessed: 04 October 2024
  2. Menopause and Menopause Hormone Therapy: The 5Ws of Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) A Practical Guide. 2024: 2-9. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-WMD-Leaflet_English.pdf Accessed: 06 October 2024
  3. Menopause: Medicines To Help You – Important Questions To Ask About Menopause Hormone Medicines. Content Current As of 22 August 2019. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/ucm118627.htm Accessed: 04 October 2024
  4. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause – Treatment for Menopausal Symptoms. Published Date: 12 November 2015. Last Updated: 05 December 2019. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG23/ifp/chapter/Questions-to-ask-about-menopause Accessed: 04 October 2024
  5. Menopause Treatment: Questions for Your Healthcare Provider. Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause-treatment Accessed: 04 October 2024
  6. Hormone therapy: Is It Right for You? Who Can Benefit From Hormone Therapy? If You Take Hormone Therapy, How Can You Reduce Risk? 06 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372 Accessed: 04 October 2024
  7. Hormone therapy: Is It Right for You? Who Can Benefit From Hormone Therapy? If You Take Hormone Therapy, How Can You Reduce Risk? 06 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372 Accessed: 04 October 2024
  8. Menopause and Menopause Hormone Therapy: The 5Ws of Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) A Practical Guide – 3. When Should MHT Be Started and Stopped? Long-Term Use. 2024:6. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-WMD-Leaflet_English.pdf Accessed: 06 October 2024
  9. Hormone therapy: Is It Right for You? Hormone Therapy Isn’t All Good or All Bad. 06 December 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372 Accessed: 04 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 04 October 2024

“The benefits of hormone therapy outweigh the risks for
most healthy symptomatic women who are aged younger
than 60 years and within 10 years of menopause onset”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy Postmenopause Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) After Menopause
  • Hormone Therapy (HT) After Menopause
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) After Menopause
  • Postmenopausal/Postmenopause Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)/Hormone Therapy (HT)

50 and 60 Years

What is the association between HT, age and time since menopause, for women between 50 and 60 years?

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

“A recent comprehensive review of evidence on MHT found it is an effective and safe treatment for the relief of menopausal symptoms for healthy women. The data showed that MHT had low risks for women aged between 50 and 60 years, but more research is needed to understand how MHT might affect other women’s health issues”.2

On page one in The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement, published 07 July 2022, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

Hormone Therapy Postmenopause

  • “Risk stratification by age and time since menopause is recommended.
  • The benefits of hormone therapy outweigh the risks for most healthy symptomatic women who are aged younger than 60 years and within 10 years of menopause onset.
  • Transdermal routes of administration and lower doses of hormone therapy may decrease risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke”.3

Older Than 60 Years

What is the association between HT, age and time since menopause, for women older than 60 years?

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT? the JH note:

“It is not recommended you start MHT if you are older than 60 years or if you’ve been postmenopausal for 10 years or more”.4

Bone Health

Does HT have an effective role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis?

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “In addition, HRT has been shown to have an effective role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates are considered as first-line options for most patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis due to their broad spectrum of anti-fracture efficacy. HRT may be considered as an additional alternative option, particularly in younger postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms who are at increased risk of fractures”.5

Heart Health

Does HT have an effective role for health health?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks the NAMS note:

“Some studies suggest that HT might be good for your heart if you start before age 60 or within 10 years of menopause. However, if you start HT further from menopause or after age 60, HT might slightly increase your risk of heart disease. Although there are risks associated with taking HT, they are not common, and most go away after you stop treatment”.6

Chronic Disease Prevention

Should HT be used for chronic disease prevention?

On page four in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause one of the recommendations is:

  • “HRT should not be recommended for the primary or secondary prevention of chronic disease in women experiencing the menopause in keeping with national and international guidelines”.7

Discontinued

Does HT need to be routinely discontinued?

In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – How Long Do You Need To Take MHT? the JH elaborate on:

“You can take MHT at low doses for as long as you need. Many women have symptoms for around eight years and one in four women have symptoms into their 60s and 70s. The benefits of MHT far outweigh the risks in healthy women within 10 years of reaching menopause”.8

In Starting and Stopping Hormone Therapy the European Menopause and Andropause Society explain:

“There are no arbitrary limits regarding how long MHT can be taken – it can be taken for as long as the woman feels the benefits outweigh the risks for her, and decisions must be made on an individual basis. Stopping routinely at the age of 65 is not recommended”.9

On page one in The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement the NAMS note:

  • “Hormone therapy does not need to be routinely discontinued in women aged older than 60 or 65 years and can be considered for continuation beyond age 65 for persistent VMS, quality-of-life issues, or prevention of osteoporosis after appropriate evaluation and counseling of benefits and risks”.10

Health Care Provider

What if I am postmenopausal and choose to use HT?

If you are postmenopausal and choose to use HT, it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use, published July 2022, the NAMS elaborate on:

“Every woman is different, and you will decide about whether to use HT based on the severity of your symptoms, your personal and family health history, and your own beliefs about menopause treatments. Your healthcare professional will be able to help you with your decision”.11

Health Topics A-Z

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Links

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Sources

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You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  2. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT? Last Updated: 20 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 04 October 2024
  3. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  4. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Are the Risks of MHT? Last Updated: 20 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 04 October 2024
  5. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 04 October 2024
  6. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  7. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 04 October 2024
  8. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – How Long Do You Need To Take MHT? Last Updated: 20 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 04 October 2024
  9. Starting and Stopping Hormone Therapy. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Starting-and-stopping-hormone-therapy.pdf Accessed: 04 June 2024
  10. The North American Menopause Society Releases Its 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement. 07 July 2022:2. North American Menopause Society https://menopause.org/wp-content/uploads/press-release/ht-position-statement-release.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  11. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 04 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 04 June 2024

“Tibolone is a type of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
that contains a synthetic (artificial) hormone. Your body
breaks down tibolone to make substances that work in a…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy and Tibolone Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Livial
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
  • Tibolone
  • Xyvion

Definition

What is Tibolone?

DotS the definition of Tibolone may vary. In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:

“Tibolone is a type of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) that contains a synthetic (artificial) hormone. Your body breaks down tibolone to make substances that work in a similar way to the hormones oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone”.2

In Menopausal Hormone Therapy the European Menopause and Andropause Society’s definition is:

  • “Tibolone is a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, progestogenic and weak androgenic activity used to manage menopausal symptoms and urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women”.3

Bleed-Free

Is Tibolone bleed-free?

On page two in HRT: Which HRT? Tibolone the (British) Women’s Health Concern’s (WHC) note:

“The first “bleed-free” HRT contains a synthetic hormone known as Tibolone, which is taken orally every day. Tibolone has combined oestrogen, progestogen and testosterone effects and relieves menopausal symptoms, prevents bone loss, and may improve interest in sex. As with other continuous therapies, it is normally prescribed at least 12 months after the last menstrual period, so many women switch to these continuous types after taking a sequential HRT”.4

Menopause Symptoms

What menopause symptoms does Tibolone help to improve?

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial the NHS note:

Hormone Therapy and Tibolone“Tibolone helps to improve menopause symptoms, such as hot flushes, low mood and vaginal dryness or irritation”.5

In Tibolone As Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Summary, updated September 2023, the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) explain:

“Tibolone is indicated for the management of vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause and for the prevention of bone loss. It can be considered an alternative to conventional MHT where improvement in libido is desired”.6

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing the Menopause Supporting Notes – Management: MHT Formulations and Options: Tibolone, published online 30 October 2023, the authors also note:

“It may improve sexual interest and responsiveness. Breast tenderness is uncommon and tibolone does not increase mammographic density”.7

Osteoporosis

How useful is Tibolone in women who have osteoporosis?

The NHS note:

“It can also be prescribed to help stop your bones getting thinner after the menopause (osteoporosis)”.8

Endometriosis and Fibroids

How useful is Tibolone in women who are known to have endometriosis and fibroids?

On page two in HRT: Which HRT? Tibolone the WHC explain:

“Tibolone has also been shown to be particularly useful in women who are known to have endometriosis and fibroids as it does not appear to stimulate these conditions”.9

Health Care Provider

What if I choose to use Tibolone?

If you choose to use Tibolone it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Tibolone As Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Summary the AMS note:

“It is not recommended for use in women with a history of breast cancer and should be used with caution in women over age 60 because of the increased stroke risk”.10

On page two in HRT: Which HRT? Tibolone the WHC elaborate on:

“Irregular bleeding or spotting can occur during the first 4-6 months of taking continuous combined HRT or Tibolone, and is not a cause for alarm. However, you should consult your doctor if you get heavy (rather than light) bleeding, if it lasts for more than six months, or if bleeding starts suddenly after some time without bleeding. Irregular bleeding may sometimes be improved by changing the type or route of HRT”.11

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial – Key Facts the NHS elaborate on:

  • “It’s important to see your doctor at least once a year for a check-up and to review whether you need to keep taking tibolone”.12

Health Topics A-Z

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Sources

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Sources

  1. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/tibolone/about-tibolone/ Accessed: 04 October 2024
  2. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/tibolone/about-tibolone/ Accessed: 04 October 2024
  3. Menopausal Hormone Therapy. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Menopausal-hormone-therapy.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  4. HRT: Which HRT? Tibolone. Reviewed November 2021. Publication Date 2021:2. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/09-WHC-FACTSHEET-HRT-NOV2022-B.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  5. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/tibolone/about-tibolone/ Accessed: 04 October 2024
  6. Tibolone As Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Summary. Content Updated September 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/tibolone-as-menopausal-hormone-therapy Accessed: 04 October 2024
  7. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing the Menopause Supporting Notes – Management: MHT Formulations and Options: Tibolone. Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 04 October 2024
  8. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/tibolone/about-tibolone/ Accessed: 04 October 2024
  9. HRT: Which HRT? Tibolone. Reviewed November 2021. Publication Date 2021:2. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/09-WHC-FACTSHEET-HRT-NOV2022-B.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  10. Tibolone As Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Summary. Content Updated September 2023. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/tibolone-as-menopausal-hormone-therapy Accessed: 04 October 2024
  11. HRT: Which HRT? Tibolone. Reviewed November 2021. Publication Date 2021:2. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/09-WHC-FACTSHEET-HRT-NOV2022-B.pdf Accessed: 04 October 2024
  12. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Tibolone – About Tibolone: Brand Name: Livial – Key Facts. Page Last Reviewed: 05 January 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/tibolone/about-tibolone/ Accessed: 04 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 04 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 04 October 2024

“Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments available for bothersome hot flashes and night sweats. If hot flashes and night sweats are disrupting your daily…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hormone (Replacement) Therapy H(R)T
  • Hormone Medicines
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Hormones
  • Medicines for Hormone Replacement Therapy
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
  • Menopause Hormone Medicines
  • Menopause Medicines

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with hormone therapy (HT) information?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of HT information, because this information may have been updated.

Symptoms or Chronic Conditions

What can it also be important to be clear about with HT information?

It can also be important to be clear about whether HT information is about the use of HT for the management of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness or for the prevention of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis.

Definition

What is hormone therapy (HT)?

DotS the definition of HT may vary. In Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Is MHT? the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) definition is:

Hormone Therapy“Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), formerly known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), helps manage menopausal symptoms when they interfere with your life. Menopausal symptoms are caused by lowering levels of oestrogen hormones. MHT is the medical replacement of female hormones oestrogen and progesterone, and sometimes testosterone”.2

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): About Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:

“Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment used to help menopause symptoms. It replaces the hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which fall to low levels as you approach the menopause”.3

In Glossary of Terms: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)/ Hormone Therapy (HT) the Australasian Menopause Society’s (AMS) definition is:

“MHT are hormones that are prescribed during the menopause transition and menopause to alleviate oestrogen deficiency symptoms such as hot flushes, mood swings, vaginal dryness and to prevent or treat osteoporosis. MHT is also recommended for women with premature ovarian insufficiency.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) is the term for what was formerly referred to as Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)4

In Hormone Therapy the Menopause Society’s (formerly The North American Menopause Society) definition is:

“Hormone therapies (HT), sometimes mistakenly called hormone replacement therapy, are the prescription drugs used most often to treat menopause symptoms such as hot flashes and genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), which includes vaginal dryness after menopause”.5

Contraceptive or Not

Is HT a contraceptive?

No. On page four in Contraception for the Older Woman: Hormone Replacement Therapy the (British) Women’s Health Concern (WHC) note:

“It is important to realise that HRT is not a method of contraception”.6

Effective or Not

How effective is HT?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits, published July 2022, the Menopause Society note:

“Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments available for bothersome hot flashes and night sweats. If hot flashes and night sweats are disrupting your daily activities and sleep, HT may improve sleep and fatigue, mood, ability to concentrate, and overall quality of life”.7

Types

Are there different types of HT?

Yes. In HRT: Which HRT? the WHC explain:

“The type of HRT most suited to a woman will depend on a variety of factors, including her stage in the menopausal process, and whether or not she has had a hysterectomy. Most forms of HRT combine different amounts of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone (synthetic progesterone is called progestogen).

There are over 50 different combinations of HRT currently available. Most women will make their choice whether to take HRT, and which form of HRT to take, with the help of their doctor”.8

Dose, Duration and Follow Up

What does the FDA note about choosing to use HT?

In Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Is Hormone Therapy for Menopause? the (United States) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) note:

“Menopause hormone therapy is not for everyone. Like all medicines, hormone therapy has benefits and risks. Talk with your health care provider about hormone therapy. If you decide to use hormone therapy, use it at the lowest dose that helps. Also use hormones for the shortest time that you need them”.9

In BMS & WHC’s 2020 Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy In Menopausal Women: Summary Consensus Statement – Key Points the British Menopause Society and Women’s Health Concern (BMS & WHC) also note:

“The HRT dosage, regimen and duration should be individualised, with annual evaluation of advantages and disadvantages”.10

The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause

Do the most robust menopause Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) support MHT as the most effective treatment to alleviate VMS [Vasomotor Symptoms]?

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy, published online 30 October 2023, the authors explain:

“The most robust menopause Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) support MHT as the most effective treatment to alleviate VMS”.11

2022 Joint Position Statement

What does the Joint Position Statement by the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause include about HT?

In the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online, the 22 recommendations and more, include:

  • “The decision whether to take HRT, the dose and duration of its use should be made on an individualised basis after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. This should be considered in the context of the overall benefits obtained from using HRT including symptom control and improving quality of life as well as considering the bone and cardiovascular benefits associated with HRT use. Discussions with women should also cover aspects such as when to consider stopping HRT and how this can be done (by gradually reducing the dose of HRT). No arbitrary limits should be set on age or duration of HRT intake”.12

2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The NAMS

What does The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society, published July 2022, note about HT?

In The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society the NAMS note:

“Hormone therapy remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause and has been shown to prevent bone loss and fracture. The risks of hormone therapy differ depending on type, dose, duration of use, route of administration, timing of initiation, and whether a progestogen is used. Treatment should be individualized using the best available evidence to maximize benefits and minimize risks, with periodic reevaluation of the benefits and risks of continuing therapy”.13

Benefits and Risks

What are the benefits and risks of HT?

In Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) the NHS note:

“The benefits and risks of taking HRT depend on your age, your menopause symptoms and any risk factors you have.

If you’re under 60 years old, have menopause symptoms, and are not at high risk of breast cancer or blood clots, the benefits of HRT are likely to outweigh the risks.

Talk to a GP, who will help you decide”.14

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your healthcare professional about your choices and the risks and benefits of each. Review your choices yearly. Your needs and the treatment choices may change”.15

Health Care Provider

What if I to choose to use HT?

If you choose to use HT, it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

On page two in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Hormone Therapy Options the Menopause Society elaborate on:

“Each woman must make her own decision about HT with the help of her healthcare professional. If you decide to take HT, the next step is to choose between the many HT options available to find the best dose and route for you. With guidance from your health care professional, you can try different forms of HT until you find the type and dose that treats your symptoms with few adverse effects”.16

The JH also note:

“It can take around six months to find the right MHT. Once you’ve found an MHT that works for you, it’s important to review it with your doctor each year”.17

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hormone Therapy?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 03 October 2024
  2. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – What Is MHT? Last Updated: 20 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 03 October 2024
  3. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): About Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Page Last Reviewed: 07 February 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/about-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/ Accessed: 03 October 2024
  4. Glossary of Terms: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)/Hormone Therapy (HT). Content Updated: February 2022. Australasian Menopause Society’s https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/381-glossary-of-terms Accessed: 03 October 2024
  5. Hormone Therapy. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hormone-therapy Accessed: 03 October 2024
  6. Contraception for the Older Woman: Hormone Replacement Therapy. Updated: November 2022:4. British Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/contraception-older-woman/ Accessed: 03 October 2024
  7. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:1. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 03 October 2024
  8. HRT: Which HRT? Publication Date: November 2021. Women’s Health Concern https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/hrt/ Accessed: 03 October 2024
  9. Menopause: Hormone Therapy – What Is Hormone Therapy for Menopause? Content Current As of: 14 December 2023. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/WomensHealthTopics/ucm117978.htm Accessed: 03 October 2024
  10. BMS & WHC’s 2020 Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy In Menopausal Women: Summary Consensus Statement – Key Points. Reviewed: March 2021. British Menopause Society and Women’s Health Concern https://thebms.org.uk/publications/consensus-statements/bms-whcs-2020-recommendations-on-hormone-replacement-therapy-in-menopausal-women/ Accessed: 03 October 2024
  11. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Management – Considerations for All Women At Menopause: Menopausal Hormone Therapy First Published Online: 30 October 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  12. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayesena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 12 June 2022. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  13. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause: July 2022 – Volume 29 – Issue 7 – p 767-794 https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/2022/07000/The_2022_hormone_therapy_position_statement_of_The.4.aspx Accessed: 03 October 2024
  14. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Benefits and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Page Last Reviewed: 08 February 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/benefits-and-risks-of-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/ Accessed: 03 October 2024
  15. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  16. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Hormone Therapy Options. 2022:2. Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 03 October 2024
  17. Menopause Management Options: Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) – How Long Do You Need To Take MHT? Last Updated: 05 July 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-management Accessed: 03 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 October 2024

“Write down the name and important facts about each medicine, vitamin, and herb you take. Note any side effects or problems you have taking your medicines”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Health Care Provider Appointments Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Health Care Provider Appointments
  • Health Care Provider Consultations
  • Health Care Provider Visits

Preparing for Your Appointment?

What can I do to prepare for my health care provider appointment?

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Preparing for Your Appointment: What You Can Do the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Before your appointment:

  • Keep track of your symptoms…
  • Make a list of any medicines, herbs and vitamin supplements you take…
  • Ask a family member or close friend accompany you, if possible…
  • Write down questions to ask your health care team…”.2

Questions To Ask

What are some basic questions to ask my health care provider?

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Preparing for Your Appointment: What You Can Do the Mayo Clinic also explain:

“Some basic questions to ask include:

  • What tests do I need, if any?
  • What treatments are there to ease my symptoms?
  • What else can I do to ease my symptoms?
  • Are there alternative therapies I might try?
  • Are there any printed material or brochures I can have?
  • What websites do you suggest?

Be sure to ask all the questions you have”.3

In Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause the (British) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE) elaborate on questions to ask relating to:

  • “Diagnosis…
  • About Menopause…
  • About Premature Menopause (Premature Ovarian Insufficiency)…
  • Lifestyle…
  • Treatment for Menopausal Symptoms…
  • For Family Members, Friends or Carers”.4

Hormone Therapy Questions To Ask

What are some questions to ask my health care provider about hormone therapy?

In Menopause: Medicines To Help You: Important Questions To Ask About Menopause Hormone Medicines the (United States) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explain:

  • “Are hormones right for me? Why?
  • What are the benefits?
  • What are the serious risks and common side effects?
  • How long should I use hormone therapy?
  • What is the lowest dose that will work for me?
  • Are there any non-hormone medicines that I can take?”5

Questions I May Be Asked

What are some questions my health care provider might ask me?

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Preparing for Your Appointment: What To Expect From Your Doctor the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Some questions your healthcare team may ask include:

  • Are you still having periods?
  • When was your last period?
  • How often do have symptoms that bother you?
  • How bad are your symptoms?
  • Does anything seem to make your symptoms better?
  • Does anything make your symptoms worse?”6

Menstrual Calendar

Where may I find a menstrual calendar to keep a record of my periods?

In MenoNotes the North American Menopause Society include:

My Medicines

Where may I find a format to record the medicines I take?

In Medication Safety for Women: 2. Keep A Medicine List the (United States) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explain for their My Medicines brochure you can:

“Write down the name and important facts about each medicine, vitamin, and herb you take. Note any side effects or problems you have taking your medicines. Keep the list with you all the time. Show it to your healthcare provider so that they know about all of the medicines you take”.7

In Medication Safety for Women: 2. Keep A Medicine List – My Medicines Record Keeper the FDA also explain:

“Use the My Medicines brochure to help you keep track of the medicines you take. This brochure is available in English, Spanish, Arabic, Polish, and 10 Asian/Pacific Islander languages”.8

In Medication Safety for Women: 2. Keep A Medicine List the FDA include:

Test Results

Who rings about test results?

Depending on the health care provider the answer to this question this may vary. It may therefore be in your best interest to choose to ask your health care provider this question.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Health Care Provider Appointments?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Health Care Provider Appointments?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Medication Safety for Women: 2. Keep A Medicine List. Content Current As of: 18 September 2018. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/medication-safety-women Accessed: 03 October 2024
  2. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Preparing for Your Appointment: What You Can Do. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  3. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Preparing for Your Appointment: What You Can Do. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  4. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Questions To Ask About Menopause. Published Date: 12 November 2015. Last Updated: 05 December 2019. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG23/ifp/chapter/Questions-to-ask-about-menopause Accessed: 03 October 2024
  5. Menopause: Medicines To Help You: Important Questions To Ask About Menopause Hormone Medicines. Content Current As of: 22 August 2019. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/ucm118627.htm Accessed: 03 October 2024
  6. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Preparing for Your Appointment: What To Expect From Your Doctor. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  7. Medication Safety for Women: 2. Keep A Medicine List. Content Current As of: 18 September 2018. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/medication-safety-women Accessed: 03 October 2024
  8. Medication Safety for Women: 2. Keep A Medicine List – My Medicines Record Keeper. Content Current As of: 18 September 2018. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/medication-safety-women Accessed: 03 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 October 2024

“As with many other diseases, your risk of breast cancer
goes up as you get older. About two out of three
invasive breast cancers are found in women 55 or older”.1

Umbrella

What may the Breast Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Breast Cancer
  • Cancer of the Breast
  • Ductal Carcinoma

Definition

What is breast cancer?

DotS the definition of breast cancer may vary. The (United States) National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) definition:

“Breast Cancer
Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast”.2

The (United States) Breastcancer.org’s definition is:

“Breast cancer starts in the breast tissue when mutated cells grow out of control, eventually creating a mass, or tumor”.3

Types

What are common types of breast cancer?

The NCI explain:

“The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which begins in the lining of the milk ducts (thin tubes that carry milk from the lobules of the breast to the nipple). Another type of breast cancer is lobular carcinoma, which begins in the lobules (milk glands) of the breast. Invasive breast cancer is breast cancer that has spread from where it began in the breast ducts or lobules to surrounding normal tissue. Breast cancer occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare”.4

Common or Not

How common is breast cancer?

In the United States according to the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

“Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the United States. (Some kinds of skin cancer are the most common.) Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. (Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death.) For non-Hispanic Black women and Hispanic women, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death”.5

In the United Kingdom (UK) according to the (United Kingdom) NHS:

“Breast cancer is cancer that’s found in the breasts. It’s the most common type of cancer in women in the UK. Anyone can get breast cancer”.6

Risk

How may breast cancer risk be lowered?

In Breast Cancer Risk Factors Breastcancer.org elaborate on known and emerging breast cancer risk factors explaining:

“Everyone wants to know what they can do to lower their breast cancer risk. Although doctors don’t know what causes breast cancer, they do know there are factors linked to a higher-than-average risk of developing the disease. Some factors associated with an increase in breast cancer risk — being a woman, your age, and your genetics, for example — can’t be changed. Other factors — lack of exercise, smoking cigarettes, and eating certain foods — can be altered by making lifestyle choices.

By choosing the healthiest lifestyle options possible, you can empower yourself and make sure your breast cancer risk is as low as possible”.7

In Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version: General Information About Breast Cancer — A Family History of Breast Cancer and Other Factors Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer the NCI elaborate on these and more risk factors for breast cancer:

“Risk factors for breast cancer include the following:

  • A personal history of invasive breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
  • A personal history of benign (noncancer) breast disease
  • A family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative (mother, daughter, or sister)
  • Inherited changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes or in other genes that increase the risk of breast cancer
  • Breast tissue that is dense on a mammogram
  • Exposure of breast tissue to estrogen made by the body. This may be caused by:
    • Menstruating at an early age
    • Older age at first birth or never having given birth
    • Starting menopause at a later age
  • Taking hormones such as estrogen combined with progestin for symptoms of menopause
  • Treatment with radiation therapy to the breast/chest
  • Drinking alcohol
  • Obesity.

Older age is the main risk factor for most cancers. The chance of getting cancer increases as you get older”.8

Age

In women, is age a risk factor for breast cancer?

In Know Your Risk: Breast Cancer Risk Factors – Age Breastcancer.org also note:

Breast Cancer“As with many other diseases, your risk of breast cancer goes up as you get older. About two out of three invasive breast cancers are found in women 55 or older”.9

Hormone Therapy

What does the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain about hormone therapy (HT) and breast cancer risk?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks the NAMS explain:

“Hormone therapy (combined estrogen and progestogen) might slightly increase your risk of breast cancer if used for more than 4 to 5 years. Using estrogen alone (for women without a uterus) does not increase breast cancer risk at 7 years but may increase risk if used for a longer time”.10

On page three in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

“A history of breast cancer should be considered a contraindication to systemic HRT. The risk of breast cancer recurrence with HRT is higher in women with oestrogen receptor positive cancer, but women with oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer are also considered to have an increased risk of recurrence with HRT. HRT may, in exceptional cases, be offered to women with breast cancer with severe menopausal symptoms if lifestyle modifications and non-hormonal treatment options are not effective. This should be done after discussion with the woman, her menopause specialist and her breast/oncology team”.11

Alcohol

Is there an association between alcohol and breast cancer?

In Drinking Alcohol Breastcancer.org elaborate on:

“Research consistently shows that drinking alcoholic beverages — beer, wine, and liquor — increases a woman’s risk of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Alcohol can increase levels of estrogen and other hormones associated with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Alcohol also may increase breast cancer risk by damaging DNA in cells.

Compared to women who don’t drink at all, women who have three alcoholic drinks per week have a 15% higher risk of breast cancer. Experts estimate that the risk of breast cancer goes up another 10% for each additional drink women regularly have each day”.12

Men

Can men get breast cancer?

Yes. In Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version: Overview – General Information About Male Breast Cancer the NCI note in the U.S.:

“Male breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast.

Breast cancer may occur in men. Breast cancer may occur in men at any age, but it usually occurs in men between 60 and 70 years of age. Male breast cancer makes up less than 1% of all cases of breast cancer”.13

Health Care Provider

What if I notice changes with my breasts?

If you notice any changes with your breasts, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to you health care provider about this as soon as possible.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Breast Cancer?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Breast Cancer?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Know Your Risk: Breast Cancer Risk Factors – Age. Last Updated: 23 February 2023. Breastcancer.org https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/risk-factors/age Accessed: 03 October 2024
  2. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: B – Breast Cancer. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/B Accessed: 03 October 2024
  3. About Breast Cancer? What Is Breast Cancer? Last Updated: 08 July 2023. Breastcancer.org https://www.breastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer Accessed: 03 October 2024
  4. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: B – Breast Cancer. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/B Accessed: 03 October 2024
  5. Breast Cancer: Breast Cancer Statistics – What To Know. 16 September 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/statistics/index.html Accessed: 03 October 2024
  6. Breast Cancer In Women. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-women/ Accessed: 03 October 2024
  7. Breast Cancer Risk Factors. Last Updated: 20 July 2024. Breastcancer.org https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/factors Accessed: 03 October 2024
  8. Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version: General Information About Breast Cancer – A Family History of Breast Cancer and Other Factors Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer. Updated: 26 February 2024. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq Accessed: 03 October 2024
  9. Know Your Risk: Breast Cancer Risk Factors – Age. Last Updated: 23 February 2023. Breastcancer.org https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/risk-factors/age Accessed: 03 October 2024
  10. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Risks. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 03 October 2024
  11. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Optimising the Menopause Transition: Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:1 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20533691221104882 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  12. Drinking Alcohol. Last Updated: 13 October 2023. Breastcancer.org https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/risk-factors/drinking-alcohol Accessed: 03 October 2024
  13. Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version: Overview – General Information About Male Breast Cancer. Updated: 23 August 2024. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#section/_69 Accessed: 03 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 October 2024

“Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response,
desire, orgasm or pain — that distress you
or strain your relationship with your partner…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Sexual Health and Female Sexual Dysfunction Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD)
  • Frigidity
  • Sexual Dysfunction In Females/Women
  • Sexual Problems In Females/Women

Definition

What is female sexual dysfunction (FSD)?

DotS the definition of FSD may vary. In Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as sexual dysfunction”.2

Types

What are some types of FSD?

In Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms the Mayo Clinic explain:

“Symptoms vary depending on what type of sexual dysfunction you’re experiencing:

  • Low sexual desire. This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of sexual interest and willingness to be sexual
  • Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty with arousal or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity
  • Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation
  • Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact”.3

In Sexual Health: Sexual Dysfunction the Menopause Society (formerly The North American Menopause Society) elaborate on:

“There are four areas in which this may occur: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain. These problems frequently overlap—for example, someone who doesn’t experience sexual desire may also experience difficulty with arousal or having an orgasm.

  • Sexual Desire…
  • Hormone Changes…
  • Partner Sexual Problems…
  • Medical Problems”.4

In Sexual Health: Sexual Challenges the Menopause Society also explain:

“Beyond sexual desire, there are three other categories of sexual problems for women:

  • Difficulty with arousal…
  • Difficulty with orgasm…
  • Sexual pain”.5

Anorgasmia

What is anorgasmia?

DotS the definition of anorgasmia may vary. The Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Anorgasmia is delayed, infrequent or absent orgasms — or significantly less-intense orgasms — after sexual arousal and adequate sexual stimulation. Women who have problems with orgasms and who feel significant distress about those problems may be diagnosed with anorgasmia”.6

Is there an association between anorgasmia and aging?

In Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Causes: Physical Causes the Mayo Clinic explain:

  • “Age-Related Changes To the Body. Changes to the body after menopause or later in life may contribute to various types of sexual dysfunction”.7

Is anorgasmia a concern?

In Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Talk to your healthcare professional if you have concerns about your sex life, especially if you’re concerned about your ability to have an orgasm”.8

FSD Common or Not

Sexual Health and Female Sexual DysfunctionHow common is FSD?

In Sexual Dysfunction, dated 29 May 2024, the (United States) Cleveland Clinic note in :

“Up to 43% of women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) and 31% of men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) report some degree of sexual dysfunction”.9

FSD Cause

What causes FSD?

In Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: Causes the Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Sexual problems often develop when your hormones are in flux, such as after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes, or heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease, can also contribute to sexual dysfunction.

MenopauseFactors — often interrelated — that contribute to sexual dissatisfaction or dysfunction include:

  • Physical…
  • Hormonal…
  • Psychological and social…”.10

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have FSD?

In Sexual Dysfunction: Living With – When Should I See My Healthcare Provider? Cleveland Clinic encourage us to:

“Contact your healthcare provider if you experience sexual dysfunction for three months or longer. If it begins interfering with your relationships or causing you and/or your partner(s) distress, it’s time to seek help. Your provider will ask for your medical history and a complete list of any medications and supplements you’re taking to get to the root cause”.11

Health Topics A-Z

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Sources

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Sources

  1. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  2. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  3. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  4. Sexual Health: Sexual Dysfunction. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/sexual-health Accessed: 03 October 2024
  5. Sexual Health: Sexual Challenges. Menopause Society https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/sexual-health Accessed: 03 October 2024
  6. Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 29 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  7. Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes: Causes – Physical Causes. 29 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  8. Anorgasmia In Women: Symptoms & Causes – Symptoms: When To See A Doctor. 29 February 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  9. Sexual Dysfunction. Last Reviewed: 29 May 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction Accessed: 03 October 2024
  10. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: Causes. 17 December 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549 Accessed: 03 October 2024
  11. Sexual Dysfunction: Living With – When Should I See My Healthcare Provider? Last Reviewed: 29 May 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction Accessed: 03 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 03 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 03 October 2024

“Menopause is your final menstrual period.
If you haven’t had a period for 12 months,
you’ve reached menopause”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Change of Life
  • Early Menopause
  • Going Through the Menopause
  • Induced Menopause
  • Menopausal/Menopause Transition
  • Menopause
  • Natural Menopause
  • Perimenopause
  • Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause
  • Postmenopause
  • Premature Menopause
  • Second Half of Your Life
  • Surgical Menopause
  • The Change
  • The Change of Life
  • The Time of Life
  • The Menopause Years
  • The Menopause-Related Years
  • The Three Stages of Menopause
  • Turning St Catherine’s Corner

Definition

What is menopause?

DotS the definition of menopause may vary. In Menopause: How Menopause Occurs the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Natural menopause is deemed to have occurred after 12 consecutive months without menstruation for which there is no other obvious physiological or pathological cause and in the absence of clinical intervention”.2

In The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Definitions, published online 01 December 2023, the authors’ definition is:

“Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation in a non-hysterectomized woman. As many women may not be naturally menstruating when their menopause transition begins, for example due to hormonal contraception, having had an endometrial ablation or hysterectomy or pre-existing oligo-amenorrhea, a pragmatic definition of menopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian function”.3

On page four in Menopause Terminology: Glossary of Definitions – Menopause the definition used by the International Menopause Society is:

“Menopause – the last day of a woman’s last period ever”.4

In What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause: Menopause the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) definition is:

“Menopause is your final menstrual period. If you haven’t had a period for 12 months, you’ve reached menopause”.5

Typical Age

What is the typical age at menopause?

In Optimising Health After Early Menopause: Summary, published 08 March 2024, the authors note:

“The typical age at menopause is 50–51 years in high-income countries. However, early menopause is common, with around 8% of women in high-income countries and 12% of women globally experiencing menopause between the ages of 40 years and 44 years. Menopause before age 40 years (premature ovarian insufficiency) affects an additional 2–4% of women”.6

Different Differences

Do all women experience the same menopause?

No. Menopause is not one-size-fits-all. Although all women have a FMP, different women experience different symptoms, at different times, in different ways, for different lengths of time, before and after their FMP.

In Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Menopause – Symptoms the (British) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE) guideline, the NICE elaborate on:



“Menopause affects every woman differently. You may have no symptoms at all, or they might be brief and short lived. For some women they are severe and distressing.

You can still get menopause symptoms if you have had a hysterectomy (an operation to remove your womb).

Other natural changes as you age can be intensified by menopause. For example, you may lose some muscle strength and have a higher risk of conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease”.7

Healthy Lifestyle

Can a healthy lifestyle improve menopause symptoms?

In the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

  • “Women should be advised that implementing or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve menopause symptoms. A healthy diet (one low in saturated fat and salt and rich in calcium and vitamin D), stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and including regular exercise can be beneficial. Reducing caffeine intake may also improve symptoms”.8

Hormone Therapy

How effective is hormone therapy (HT) for the treatment of menopause symptoms?

On page one in Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits, published July 2022, the NAMS explain:

“Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments available for bothersome hot flashes and night sweats. If hot flashes and night sweats are disrupting your daily activities and sleep, HT may improve sleep and fatigue, mood, ability to concentrate, and overall quality of life. Treatment of bothersome hot flashes and night sweats is the principal reason women use HT. Hormone therapy also treats vaginal dryness and painful sex associated with menopause. Hormone therapy keeps your bones strong by preserving bone density and decreasing your risk of osteoporosis and fractures. If preserving bone density is your only concern, and you do not have bothersome hot flashes, other treatments may be recommended instead of HT”.9

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my menopause?

If you would like help with your menopause, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor the JH explain:

“Talk to your doctor if you are worried about:

  • Irregular periods
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
  • Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, that interfere with your daily life”.10

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic encourage us to seek help:

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your healthcare professional about your choices and the risks and benefits of each. Review your choices yearly. Your needs and the treatment choices may change”.11

Health Topics A-Z

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Links

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Sources

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You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause: Menopause. Last Updated: 19 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 02 October 2024
  2. Menopause: How Menopause Occurs. 17 October 2022. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause Accessed: 02 October 2024
  3. Davis, S. R., Taylor, S., Hemachandra, C., Magraith, K., Ebeling, P. R., Jane, F., and Islam, R. M. The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause: Definitions. Published Online: 01 December 2023 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 Accessed: 02 October 2024
  4. Menopause Terminology: Glossary of Definitions – Menopause. Page 4. International Menopause Society https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IMS-English-Factsheet-4-glossary.pdf Accessed: 02 October 2024
  5. What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause: Menopause. Last Updated: 19 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 02 October 2024
  6. Mishra, G. D., Davies, M. C., Hillman, S., Chung, H-F., Roy, S. and Hickey, M. Optimising Health After Early Menopause: Summary. Published: 05 March 2024. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)02800-3/fulltext Accessed: 02 October 2024
  7. Menopause: Diagnosis and Management – Information for the Public: Menopause – Symptoms. Published Date: 12 November 2015. Last Updated: 05 December 2019. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng23/ifp/chapter/Menopause Accessed: 02 October 2024
  8. Hamoda, H, Mukherjee, A, Morris, E, Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P, Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:3-4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 02 October 2024
  9. Deciding About Hormone Therapy Use: Potential Benefits. 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/professional/menonote-deciding-about-ht-2022.pdf Accessed: 02 October 2024
  10. What Is Menopause? When To See Your Doctor. Last Updated: 19 September 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 02 October 2024
  11. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 07 August 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 02 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 02 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 02 October 2024

“…the European Menopause and Andropause Society
(EMAS) is the key international society promoting health
in women and men at midlife and beyond”.1

Umbrella

What may the European Menopause and Andropause Society include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Andropause Society
  • Menopause Society

European Menopause and Andropause Society

What is the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS)?

The EMAS explain:

“With an active worldwide membership and over 40 affiliated societies, the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) is the key international society promoting health in women and men at midlife and beyond”.2

In About EMAS the EMAS also elaborate on:

“Since its creation in 1998, the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) has encouraged and stimulated excellence in health professionals and researchers through its journals, congresses, guidelines, schools, webinars, podcasts, website, and awareness activities”.3

Health Topics A-Z

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  1. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/ Accessed: 02 October 2024
  2. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/ Accessed: 02 October 2024
  3. About EMAS. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/about-emas/ Accessed: 02 October 2024
Topic Last Updated: 02 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 02 October 2024