Vulva

“Each woman’s vulva is unique in size, shape, colour and appearance. It’s normal for the left and right sides of the vulva to be different in shape and size, especially the…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Vulva Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Genitals
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Discomfort/Pain
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Skin Conditions
  • Vulvovaginal Discomfort/Pain
  • “Down Below/There”
  • “Feminine Pain”
  • “Lady Parts”
  • “Private Parts”
  • “Privates”
  • “Women’s Bits”

Vulva and Vagina

What is the difference between the vulva and the vagina?

In About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? [+ Image] the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health JH explain:

“Some people think the vulva is the vagina, but they are different. Your vulva is the external part of the female genitals that you can see. Your vagina is inside your body. It extends from your vulva to the start of your uterus. It’s where your period flows down from the uterus, where you can have sexual intercourse (or other types of penetration) and where babies pass through during childbirth”.2

Vulva

What are parts of the vulva?

In About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? [+ Image] the JH note:

“Your vulva includes:

  • the area covered with pubic hair (mons pubis)
  • the outer lips, which are covered with pubic hair (labia majora)
  • the inner lips, which are not covered with pubic hair (labia minora)
  • the clitoris and its hood
  • the area around your vaginal and urinary openings (vestibule)
  • the urinary opening (where wee comes out)
  • the vaginal opening
  • the area of skin between your vagina and anus (perineum)”.3

Diagram

Where may I find a diagram of the vagina?

Your Country’s Women’s Health website may include a topic similar to the Jean Hailes for Women’s Health topic which includes a diagram:

Different Differences

Are vulva one-size-fits-all?

Vulva are different. In About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance the JH elaborate on:

Vulva“Each woman’s vulva is unique in size, shape, colour and appearance. It’s normal for the left and right sides of the vulva to be different in shape and size, especially the labia minora. Many images you see online are heavily edited to make the vulva look symmetrical and childlike”.4

In What’s Normal: What Is Normal Vulval & Vaginal Anatomy? the (Australian) Caredownthere.com.au elaborate on:

“The vulva area is one of the most variable parts of the body, with more normal variations than noses! The range of “normal appearances” is so wide that even your family doctor may not be sure about whether you are normal “down there”. So there have always been some women who worry about how their vulvas look. To make matters worse, the internet has allowed the fashionistas who make us feel abnormal about our weight and breast size, to also make us feel abnormal about our vulvas. Is nothing sacred?

If everything is working well down there, then it must be normal! So try not to worry about your vulval size or shape: if it works for you, who cares what anyone else thinks?”5

Vulval Problems

Can vulval problems be skin problems?

In Essential Information: Some Facts About the Vulva – Where Do Vulval Problems Belong Medically? [+ Image] Caredownthere.com explain:

“The vulva is part of the skin and most of the things that go wrong there are skin conditions that happen on other parts of the skin. This includes common skin problems like dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic reactions. Some of the skin conditions that involve the vulva are not common on other parts of the skin, and this includes a condition called lichen sclerosus”.6

Female Genital Mutilation

What is female genital mutilation (FGM)?

In International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February: Ending Female Genital Mutilation By 2030 the United Nations’ definition is:

“Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons and is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights, the health and the integrity of girls and women”.7

In Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Overview the (United Kingdom) NHS explain:

“Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there’s no medical reason for this to be done.

It’s also known as female circumcision or cutting, and by other terms, such as Sunna, gudniin, halalays, tahur, megrez and khitan, among others”.8

How common is FGM?

In What Is Female Genital Mutilation? UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) note:

“An estimated 230 million girls and women worldwide have undergone some form of female genital mutilation (FGM) – many before the age of 15”.9

In Female Genital Mutilation: Who Is At Risk?, dated 31 January 2025, the World Health Organization also note:

“FGM is mostly carried out on young girls between infancy and adolescence, and occasionally on adult women. According to available data from 31 countries where FGM is practiced in the western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa, and some countries in the Middle East and Asia, more than 230 million girls and women alive today have been subjected to the practice with more than 4 million girls estimated to be at risk of FGM annually. FGM is therefore of global concern”.10

Mirror, Mirror

How can women detect any changes in the appearance of their vulva?

The JH explain:

“It’s a good idea to see what your vulva looks like. You can use a mirror to see what is normal for you. This will make it easier to detect any changes in appearance, for example, changes in colour or skin. The Labia Library is a great online resource that shows a range of ‘normal’ photos of labia”.11

Labia Library

What is the Labia Library?

In the Labia Library the (Australian) Women’s Health Victoria elaborate on:

“Women’s Health Victoria has developed the Labia Library to bust common myths about how ‘normal’ labia look. There’s also a photo gallery that shows you just how unique everyone’s labia are, and includes people across a wide range of ages, genders and experiences”.12

Vulval Clinics

What are specialist vulval clinics?

DotC (Depending on the Country) there may be specialist vulval clinics with gynecologists, dermatologists, physiotherapists and other staff specializing in vulval conditions. These clinics may be called:

Vulval Clinics

  • Genito-Urinary Medicine Clinics
  • Multidisciplinary Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulva/Vulval/Vulvar Clinics
  • Vulvovaginal Clinics

Health Care Provider

What if I am worried about something down there?

If you are worried about something – anything – down there, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The JH explain:

“If you are worried about the smell, or have symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation, soreness, painful sex or pain when you wee, see your doctor”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Vulva?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Health Topics A-Z

Links

Where may I find Links related to Vulva?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Links

This Links List to third party websites is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive. Inclusion on this Links List does not imply endorsement or recommendation. Non-inclusion on this Links List does not imply non-endorsement or non-recommendation. Third party websites are not under the control of Meno Martha International Menopause Directory. Third party websites may contain explicit medical images and/or sexual references. Please read Meno Martha International Menopause Directory’s Links Policy before proceeding to a Link. Please contact Webmaster if you experience a problem with a Link.

New or Updated

  1. 9 Tips To Keep Your Vagina and Vulva Healthy
  2. ANZ Vulvovaginal Society: Patient Information [Australian and New Zealand]
  3. A Guide To Screening for Autoimmune Diseases In Patients With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
  4. A Guide To Vulval Self-Checks [+ Video]
    Vulva
  5. About the Vulva and Vagina
  6. BMS TV: Urogenital Atrophy
  7. Boxers, Briefs and Bacterial Vaginosis: How Your Underwear Can Affect Your Health
  8. British Association of Dermatologists: Patient Information Leaflets
  9. British Society for the Study of Vulval Disease: Patient
  10. Caredownthere.com.au [Care Down There]
  11. Checking Your Vulva: What To Look Out For
  12. Essential Information: Caring for Your Skin Down There
  13. Essential Information: See Your Doctor If
  14. Essential Information: Some Facts About the Vulva [+ Image]
  15. Everything You Need To Know About Your Labia
  16. FAQS: Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching
  17. FAQs: Vaginal Rejuvenation, Labiaplasty, and Other Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery
  18. FAQs: Vulvovaginal Health
  19. Female Genital Mutilation
  20. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) [+ Videos]
  21. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Getting Help and Support [United Kingdom]
  22. Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting
  23. Forward [Foundation for Women’s Health Research and Development, United Kingdom]
  24. Foundation for Women’s Cancer [United States]
  25. Genital Herpes [Multiply Languages]
  26. Glossary
  27. Gynaecological Cancers
  28. Gynaecological Cancers – Vaginal and Vulval
  29. Gynecologic Cancers
  30. HOPE [Health Organization for Pudendal Education]
  31. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Vaginal Oestrogen
  32. International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February: 2024 Theme: Her Voice. Her Future Vulva
  33. International Society for Sexual Medicine: Public
  34. International Society for Sexual Medicine: Sexual Health Topics
  35. International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases: Patient Handouts
  36. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health: Find A Provider
  37. Labialibrary.org.au [Labia Library]
  38. Lichen Sclerosus
  39. Lichen Sclerosus
  40. Lichensclerosusguide.org.uk
    Vulva
  41. Lsvcukawareness.co.uk [Lichen Sclerosus & Vulval Cancer UK Awareness]
  42. Managing Common Vulval Skin Conditions
  43. Medical Advice: Genital Herpes
  44. Medical Advice: Genital Warts
  45. Medical Advice: Lichen Sclerosus
  46. Medical Advice: Medical Exams
  47. Medical Advice: Psoriasis
  48. Medical Advice: Treatment
  49. Medical Advice: Vulval Cancer
  50. Medical Advice: Vulval Eczema
  51. Medical Advice: Vulval Pain
  52. Menopause, Skin and Common Dermatosis. Part 3: Genital Disorders
  53. Menopause: Understanding the Changes and Finding Relief | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 256
  54. Myths and Suggestions: Myths About Skin Disease and the Vulva
  55. National Vulvodynia Association: For Patients: How NVA Can Help You
  56. Navigating Menopause: Expert Insights and Solutions | Dr Susan Davis | The Proof Podcast EP 245 [Video]
  57. Pelvic Exam
  58. Pelvic Floor Health | Dr Louise Newson LIVE
  59. Prosalya [Prosayla is proudly supported by The International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH)]
  60. Pudendal Neuralgia
  61. Self-Help Tips
  62. Sexual Problems and Menopause
  63. The Clitoris – A Brief History
  64. Thinking About Cosmetic Surgery?
  65. Understanding Gyn Cancers
  66. Vaginal and Vulval Pain: Know the Different Causes and When To Seek Help
  67. Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers
  68. Vestibulodynia (Formerly Vulval Vestibulitis)
  69. Videos & Podcasts: Videos – Menopause and Hormone Therapy: Current Perspectives and Controversies
  70. Vulva and Vagina
  71. Vulval Cancer
  72. Vulval Cancer
  73. Vulval Irritation
  74. Vulval Pain
  75. Vulval Pain Conditions
  76. Vulval Pain Society
  77. Vulval Self Checks
  78. Vulval Self-Checks: How Do You Do A Self-Check?
  79. Vulval Self-Checks: What Changes Should You Be Looking For?
  80. Vulval Self-Examination
  81. Vulval and Vaginal Conditions
  82. Vulvar Anatomy [+ Images]
  83. Vulvar Awareness Campaign Season 2024 – 2025 [18 September]
    Vulvar
  84. Vulvar Cancer
  85. Vulvar Cancer
  86. Vulvar Cancer
  87. Vulvar Cancer: What Patients Should Know About
  88. Vulvar Cancer–Patient Version [+ Image]
  89. Vulvar Cancers
  90. Vulvovaginitis – Overview
  91. Webinars: Previous – Pay Attention on Your Way In! The Vulva Is An Important Organ Too
  92. What Is Female Genital Mutilation?
  93. What Is the Vulva?
  94. What Types of Vaginal Oestrogens Are There?
  95. What You See In the Media
  96. What’s Normal: Lumps and Bumps
  97. What’s Normal: What Is Normal Vulval & Vaginal Anatomy?
  98. Which Vaginal Moisturiser Should You Use?
  99. World GO Day [World Gynecologic Oncology Day, 20 September 2024]
    Vulva Vulva
  100. World Menopause Day 2024: Leaflet for Women – Menopause and Menopause Hormone Therapy [Multiply Languages]

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance. Last Updated: 05 December 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 28 March 2025
  2. About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? Last Updated: 05 December 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 28 March 2025
  3. About the Vulva and Vagina: What Is the Difference Between Your Vulva and Vagina? Last Updated: 05 December 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 28 March 2025
  4. About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance. Last Updated: 05 December 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 28 March 2025
  5. What’s Normal: What Is Normal Vulval & Vaginal Anatomy? Caredownthere.com.au https://www.caredownthere.com.au/_pages/normal.html Accessed: 28 March 2025
  6. Essential Information: Some Facts About the Vulva – Where Do Vulval Problems Belong Medically? Caredownthere.com.au https://www.caredownthere.com.au/_pages/information_vulva.html Accessed: 28 March 2025
  7. International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February: Ending Female Genital Mutilation By 2030. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/observances/female-genital-mutilation-day Accessed: 28 March 2025
  8. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Overview. Page Last Reviewed: 27 September 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/female-genital-mutilation-fgm/ Accessed: 28 March 2025
  9. What Is Female Genital Mutilation? UNICEF https://www.unicef.org/protection/female-genital-mutilation Accessed: 28 March 2025
  10. Female Genital Mutilation: Who Is At Risk? Updated: 31 January 2025. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation Accessed: 28 March 2025
  11. About the Vulva and Vagina: What’s Normal? Appearance. Last Updated: 05 December 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 28 March 2025
  12. Labia Library. Women’s Health Victoria http://www.labialibrary.org.au/ Accessed: 28 March 2025
  13. About the Vulva and Vagina: Smell. Last Updated: 05 December 2024 | Last Reviewed: 26 April 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/about-the-vulva-and-vagina Accessed: 28 March 2025
Topic Last Updated: 10 April 2025 – Topic Last Reviewed: 28 March 2025

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