“Menopausal symptoms
can make it harder to do physical activity,
which may contribute to weight gain”.1

Umbrella

What may the Physical Activity and Menopause Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Active Living
  • Exercise
  • Fitness
  • Menopause
  • Perimenopause
  • Physical Activity
  • Postmenopause

Definition

What is physical activity?

DotS the definition of physical activity may vary. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition is:

“WHO defines physical activity as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical activity refers to all movement including during leisure time, for transport to get to and from places, or as part of a person’s work or domestic activities. Both moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity improve health”.2

Health Benefits

Is there an association between health benefits and physical activity?

In Physical Activity the WHO elaborate on:

“Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes and several cancers. It also helps to maintain a healthy body weight and can improve mental health, quality of life and well-being”.3

Menopausal Symptoms

Is there an association between menopausal symptoms and physical activity?

In Looking After Yourself: Physical Activity the (Australasian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

Physical Activity and Menopause“Menopausal symptoms can make it harder to do physical activity, which may contribute to weight gain. If you don’t feel like your normal self during this time, it may be hard to stick to regular exercise and healthy eating.

Physical activity is a vital part of being healthy, especially as we age. It can reduce the risk of chronic disease, falls and osteoporosis. It can also help you manage your weight and your menopausal symptoms. If you want to lose weight, you will need to combine regular physical activity with reduced calorie intake”.4

Mood

Is there an association between mood and physical activity?

In Depression: How Can I Take Care of Myself? the (United States) National Institute of Mental Health note:

  • “Try to get physical activity. Just 30 minutes a day of walking can boost your mood”.5

Physical Activity

How much physical activity do adults require?

In Top 10 Things To Know About the Second Edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: 4. the (United States) Department of Health and Human Services elaborate on:

  • “… To attain the most health benefits from physical activity, adults need at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking or fast dancing, each week. Adults also need muscle-strengthening activity, like lifting weights or doing push-ups, at least 2 days each week”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I am going to start doing physical activity?

If you are going to start doing physical activity, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Physical Activity: Information – Getting Started the (United States) MedlinePlus note:

“IMPORTANT NOTE: Talk with your health care provider before starting an exercise program if:

  • You have diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, or another long-term illness
  • You have obesity
  • You have not been very active lately
  • You get chest pains or shortness of breath when you are active”.7

In Fitness: In-Depth – Exercise: 7 Benefits of Regular Physical Activity – The Bottom Line on Exercise the Mayo Clinic caution:

“Remember to check with a health care professional before starting a new exercise program, especially if you have any concerns about your fitness or haven’t exercised for a long time. Also check with a health care professional if you have chronic health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes or arthritis”.8

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Physical Activity and Menopause?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Physical Activity and Menopause?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Looking After Yourself: Physical Activity. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 01 July 2024
  2. Physical Activity: What Is Physical Activity? 26 June 2024. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity Accessed: 01 July 2024
  3. Physical Activity. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/health-topics/physical-activity#tab=tab_1 Accessed: 01 July 2024
  4. Looking After Yourself: Physical Activity. Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 01 July 2024
  5. Depression: How Can I Take Care of Myself? Revised: 2024. National Institute of Mental Health https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression Accessed: 01 July 2024
  6. Top 10 Things To Know About the Second Edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 4. Department of Health and Human Services https://health.gov/our-work/physical-activity/current-guidelines/top-10-things-know Accessed: 01 July 2024
  7. Physical Activity: Information – Getting Started. Review Date: 27 May 2023. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001941.htm Accessed: 01 July 2024
  8. Fitness: In-Depth – Exercise: 7 Benefits of Regular Physical Activity – The Bottom Line on Exercise. 26 August 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389 Accessed: 01 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 14 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 July 2024

Menopause News February 2024 includes some
evidence-based menopause news by menopause societies
and international sources.Meno Martha

Umbrella

What may the Menopause News February 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Latest News
  • Media Releases
  • Menopause News
  • News
  • Position Statements
  • Press Releases/Statements
  • Reports

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with Menopause News?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of Menopause News, because this information may have been updated.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what Menopause News February 2024 is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what Menopause News February 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Menopause News February 2024

What is some Menopause News February 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause News February 2024?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause News February 2024?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Topic Last Updated: 10 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 January 2024

“Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death
in the US, accounting for about 1 in 5 of all cancer deaths.
Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Lung Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Lung Cancer
  • Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
  • Primary Lung Cancer
  • Secondary Lung Cancer
  • Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer

What is lung cancer?

DotS the definition of lung cancer may vary. In Lung Cancer: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Lung cancer is a kind of cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the lungs. The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest that control breathing”.2

Primary Lung Cancer

What is primary lung cancer?

DotS the definition of primary lung cancer may vary. In Lung Cancer: Overview – Types of Lung Cancer the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:

“Cancer that begins in the lungs is called primary lung cancer”.3

Secondary Lung Cancer

What is secondary lung cancer?

DotS the definition of secondary lung cancer may vary. The NHS’s definition is:

“Cancer that spreads to the lungs from another place in the body is known as secondary lung cancer”.4

Types

What are the two main types of (primary) lung cancer?

In Lung Cancer–Patient Version: Overview the (United States) National Cancer Institute explain:

“Lung cancer includes two main types: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer”.5

Symptoms

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

In Lung Cancer: Symptoms of Lung Cancer the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) elaborate on:

“People can have different symptoms for lung cancer. Some people have symptoms related to the lungs. Some people whose lung cancer has spread to other parts of the body (metastasized) have symptoms specific to that part of the body. Some people just have general symptoms of not feeling well. Most people with lung cancer don’t have symptoms until the cancer is advanced.

Lung cancer symptoms may include:

  • Coughing that gets worse or doesn’t go away
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Coughing up blood
  • Feeling very tired all the time
  • Weight loss with no known cause…”.6

Cause

What causes lung cancer?

In Lung Cancer: Risks and Causes – Risks and Causes: Smoking Tobacco the Cancer Research UK (United Kingdom) elaborate on:

“Smoking tobacco is the biggest cause of lung cancer in the UK. Around 7 out of 10 lung cancers are caused by smoking. This includes breathing in other people’s cigarette smoke”.7

In Lung Cancer: Lung Cancer Risk Factors: Smoking the CDC note:

“Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. In the United States, cigarette smoking is linked to about 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths. Using other tobacco products such as cigars or pipes also increases the risk for lung cancer. Tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7,000 chemicals. Many are poisons. At least 70 are known to cause cancer in people or animals”.8

Common or Not

How common is lung cancer?

DotS, Depending on the Country (DotC), Depending on the Terminology (DotT) or Depending on the Year (DotY) how common lung cancer is, may vary. It may therefore be in your best interest to choose to check what’s-what for you in your country.

In the United States (U.S.) according to the American Cancer Society (ACS):

“Lung cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) is the second most common cancer in both men and women in the United States (not counting skin cancer). In men, prostate cancer is more common, while breast cancer is more common in women”.9

In the UK, according to Cancer Research UK:

“Smoking causes at least 15 different types of cancer and is the biggest cause of lung cancer in the UK. Smoking causes other diseases too, such as heart disease and various lung diseases”.10

Life or Death

Is lung cancer a leading cause of cancer death?

In the U.S. according to the ACS:

“Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death in the US, accounting for about 1 in 5 of all cancer deaths. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined”.11

PreventionLung Cancer

What is the most important thing to do to prevent lung cancer?

In Lung Cancer: How Common Is Lung Cancer? How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Lung Cancer? Don’t Smoke the World Cancer Research Fund UK explain:

“Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer. Over 90% of cases in men and over 80% in women worldwide are due to tobacco use.

By far the most important thing you can do to prevent lung cancer is to not smoke, or to give up smoking. If you do smoke, stopping smoking will reduce your risk”.12

Weight Gain

What if I would like to quit smoking but I am worried about putting on weight?

If you would like to quit smoking but you are worried about putting on weight, your Country may have articles similar to MedlinePlus’s, Weight Gain After Quitting Smoking: What To Do or Smokefreewomen’s, Weight Gain and Quitting.

Quit Smoking Guide

Where may I find a quit smoking guide?

Your Country may have a quit smoking guide similar to the (United States) Smokefreewomen’s Quit Smoking, the NHS’s Quit Smoking or Australia’s Quit website.

Quit Smoking Apps

Where may I find a quit smoking app?

Your Country may have a quit smoking app similar to the (United States) Smokefreewomen’s Smokefree Apps.

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with lung cancer?

If you would like help with lung cancer, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Lung Cancer the ACS:

“There are different types of lung cancer. Knowing which type you have is important because it affects your treatment options and your outlook (prognosis). If you aren’t sure which type of lung cancer you have, ask your doctor so you can get the right information”.13

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Lung Cancer?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Lung Cancer?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Lung Cancer: About Lung Cancer – Key Statistics for Lung Cancer: How Common Is Lung Cancer? Last Revised: 29 January 2024. America Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/cancer/lung-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 30 June 2024
  2. Lung Cancer: Symptoms & Causes – Overview. 30 April 2024. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374620 Accessed: 30 June 2024
  3. Lung Cancer: Overview – Types of Lung Cancer. Page Last Reviewed: 01 November 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lung-cancer/#types-of-lung-cancer Accessed: 30 June 2024
  4. Lung Cancer: Overview – Types of Lung Cancer. Page Last Reviewed: 01 November 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lung-cancer/#types-of-lung-cancer Accessed: 30 June 2024
  5. Lung Cancer–Patient Version: Overview. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung Accessed: 30 June 2024
  6. Lung Cancer: Symptoms of Lung Cancer. 23 February 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/symptoms/index.html Accessed: 30 June 2024
  7. Lung Cancer: Risks and Causes – Risks and Causes: Smoking Tobacco. Last Reviewed: 14 March 2023. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/lung-cancer/about/lung-cancer-risks-and-causes Accessed: 30 June 2024
  8. Lung Cancer: Lung Cancer Risk Factors: Smoking.  07 November 2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/risk-factors/index.html Accessed: 30 June 2024
  9. Lung Cancer: About Lung Cancer – Key Statistics for Lung Cancer: How Common Is Lung Cancer? Last Revised: 29 January 2024. America Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/cancer/lung-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 30 June 2024
  10. Smoking and Cancer: How Does Smoking Cause Cancer? What Types of Cancer Does Smoking Cause? Last Reviewed: 07 June 2023. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/smoking-and-cancer/how-does-smoking-cause-cancer#smoking_facts0 Accessed: 30 June 2024
  11. Lung Cancer: About Lung Cancer – Key Statistics for Lung Cancer: How Common Is Lung Cancer? Last Revised: 29 January 2024. America Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/cancer/lung-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 30 June 2024
  12. Lung Cancer: How Common Is Lung Cancer? How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Lung Cancer? Don’t Smoke. World Cancer Research Fund UK https://www.wcrf-uk.org/uk/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/lung-cancer Accessed: 30 June 2024
  13. Lung Cancer. America Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer.html Accessed: 30 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 30 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 30 June 2024

“If you would like to find out what glossary information is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this”. Meno Martha

Umbrella

What may the Glossary Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Acronyms
  • Definitions
  • Dictionary
  • Glossary
  • Glossary of Terms
  • Medical Dictionary
  • Medical Terms
  • Terminology

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out what glossary information is applicable to me?

If you would like to find out what glossary information is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.


Glossary

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Glossary?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Glossary?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Topic Last Updated: 29 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 29 June 2024

“Several organs play a major role in helping
the endocrine system to work well. Although these organs
are not glands themselves, they do produce, store, and…”.1

Definition

What is the endocrine system?

Endocrine SystemDepending on the Source (DotS) the definition of the endocrine system may vary. In Endocrine-Related Organs and Hormones the (United States) Endocrine Society elaborate on:

“Several organs play a major role in helping the endocrine system to work well. Although these organs are not glands themselves, they do produce, store, and send out hormones that help the body to function properly and maintain a healthy balance”.2

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out about my endocrine system or my hormones?

If you would like to find out about your endocrine system or your hormones, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to the Endocrine System?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Endocrine System?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Endocrine-Related Organs and Hormones. 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/endocrine-related-organs-and-hormones Accessed: 29 June 2024
  2. Endocrine-Related Organs and Hormones. 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/endocrine-related-organs-and-hormones Accessed: 29 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 29 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 29 June 2024

“Incontinence is a common condition that,
with the right help,
can always be managed, treated and sometimes cured”.1

Umbrella

What may the Incontinence Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Bladder Incontinence
  • Bladder Weakness
  • Bowel Incontinence
  • Continence
  • Fecal Incontinence (FI)
  • Incontinence
  • Light Bladder Leakage (LBL)
  • Overactive Bladder (OAB)
  • Urinary Incontinence (UI)
  • Wind

Incontinence

What is incontinence?

DotS the definition of incontinence may vary. The Continence Foundation of Australia’s definition is:

“Incontinence describes any accidental or involuntary loss of:

  • Urine (wee) from the bladder – known as urinary incontinence
  • Faeces (poo) or flatus (wind) from the bowel – known as faecal incontinence”.2

Urinary Incontinence

What is urinary incontinence (UI)?

DotS the definition of UI may vary. In What Is Incontinence? What Is Urinary Incontinence? the World Federation for Incontinence and Pelvic Problem’s (WFIPP) Support In Continence explain:

“Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary release of urine at the wrong time or the wrong place”.3

Faecal Incontinence

What is faecal incontinence (FI)?

DotS the definition of FI may vary. In What Is Incontinence? What Is Faecal Incontinence? WFIPP’s Support In Continence explain:

“Faecal incontinence (FI) is the involuntary loss of liquid or solid stools causing social or hygienic inconvenience. You might also hear it referred to bowel or stool incontinence”.4

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and increased difficulty with bladder and bowel control?

The Continence Foundation of Australia note:

“Menopause is a time of change in a woman’s life. One of the changes that many women notice is increased difficulty with bladder and bowel control”.5

Symptoms

What are the most common menopause bladder and bowel control symptoms?

In Menopause: Symptoms the Continence Foundation of Australia elaborate on:

Incontinence“During menopause, passing urine frequently and the urgent need to pass urine are the most common incontinence symptoms. Other symptoms include:

  • Leakage of urine with coughs, sneezes, or exercise
  • Leakage of urine on the way to the toilet
  • Getting up one or more times per night to pass urine (nocturia)
  • Frequent urinary tract infections
  • Rushing to the toilet to open bowels
  • Being unable to control wind
  • Constipation”.6

Treatment

What is it important to note about incontinence treatment?

In Therapies and Procedures: Managing Your Conditions the (United States) National Association for Continence note:

“If you’re under the impression that there isn’t much that can be done to treat incontinence, you’re in for a surprise. Treatments for incontinence have come a long way in recent years, and with so many tools and options available, there’s no reason to wait another second to get your condition under control. If you believe that you’re encountering an issue with either your bladder or bowel, don’t shrug it off. Talk to your physician. The sooner you do, the sooner you can start treating the cause of your issue”.7

Helpline

May some Countries have a national continence/incontinence Helpline?

Yes. Your Country may have a Helpline similar to the Continence Foundation of Australia’s National Continence Helpline.

Toilet Maps, Cards or Apps

May some Countries have toilet maps, cards or Apps?

Yes. Your Country may have a toilet map similar to Australia’s National Public Toilet Map which in National Public Toilet Map: About the Toilet Map explains:

“The National Public Toilet Map shows the location of more than 23,000 public and private public facilities across Australia, including toilets, adult change and baby care. Information is provided about each toilet, such as location, accessibility details, opening hours and features like sharps disposal and showers”.8

Or your Country may have a card or App similar to the (United Kingdom) Bladder & Bowel Community’s (B&B) Free Just Can’t Wait Toilet Card.

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have incontinence?

If you think you have incontinence, it may be in your best interest to talk to your health care provider about this. The Continence Foundation of Australia encourage us to seek help and note:

“Incontinence is a common condition that, with the right help, can always be managed, treated and sometimes cured”.9

In What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause – Postmenopause: Bladder Health the JH also encourage us to seek help and explain:

“You don’t have to put up with incontinence. You can ask your doctor for a referral to a continence nurse or pelvic floor physiotherapist to help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles”.10

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Incontinence?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Incontinence?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. About Continence: Understanding Incontinence – What Is Incontinence? Last Updated: 24 May 2024. Last Reviewed: 23 March 2020. Continence Foundation of Australia https://www.continence.org.au/about-continence/understanding-incontinence Accessed: 29 June 2024
  2. About Continence: Understanding Incontinence – What Is Incontinence? Last Updated: 24 May 2024. Last Reviewed: 23 March 2020. Continence Foundation of Australia https://www.continence.org.au/about-continence/understanding-incontinence Accessed: 29 June 2024
  3. What Is Incontinence? What Is Urinary Incontinence? Support In Incontinence https://www.supportincontinence.org/what-is-incontinence/ Accessed: 29 June 2024
  4. What Is Incontinence? What Is Faecal Incontinence? Support In Incontinence https://www.supportincontinence.org/what-is-incontinence/ Accessed: 29 June 2024
  5. Menopause. Last Updated: 29 May 2024. Last Reviewed: 01 April 2020. Continence Foundation of Australia https://www.continence.org.au/who-it-affects/women/menopause Accessed: 29 June 2024
  6. Menopause – Symptoms. Last Updated: 15 July 2021. Last Reviewed: 01 April 2020. Continence Foundation of Australia https://www.continence.org.au/who-it-affects/women/menopause Accessed: 29 June 2024
  7. Therapies and Procedures: Managing Your Condition. National Association for Continence https://nafc.org/therapies-and-procedures/ Accessed: 29 June 2024
  8. National Public Toilet Map: About the Toilet Map. National Continence Program https://www.bladderandbowel.org/help-information/just-cant-wait-card/ Accessed: 29 June 2024
  9. About Continence: Understanding Incontinence – What Is Incontinence? Last Updated: 24 May 2024. Last Reviewed: 23 March 2020. Continence Foundation of Australia https://www.continence.org.au/about-continence/understanding-incontinence Accessed: 29 June 2024
  10. What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause – Postmenopause: Bladder Health. Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 30 October 2023
Topic Last Updated: 29 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 29 June 2024

“If you choose to use HT to prevent chronic conditions,
it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to
your health care provider about this”.Meno Martha

Umbrella

What may the Hormone Therapy 2022 Update for Chronic Conditions Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Chronic Conditions/Diseases/Illnesses
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Hormone Therapy (HT)
  • Hormone Therapy and Cancer
  • Hormone Therapy and Dementia
  • Hormone Therapy and Heart Disease and Stroke (Cardiovascular Disease)
  • Hormone Therapy and Osteoporosis
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

Date

What can it be important to be clear about with hormone therapy (HT) information?

It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of HT information, because this information may have been updated.

Symptoms or Chronic Conditions

What can it also be important to be clear about with HT information?

It can also be important to be clear about whether HT information is about the use of HT for the management of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness; or for the prevention of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis.

2017 Recommendations Update

When did the (United States) Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) update their 2017 recommendations on the use of HT in postmenopausal women for the primary prevention of chronic conditions?

The USPSTF updated their 2017 recommendations on 01 November 2022.

2022 Recommendations

What did the USPSTF’s 2022 recommendations include?

Hormone Therapy 2022 Update for Chronic ConditionsIn Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Recommendation Summary, the USPSTF recommend:

“Postmenopausal persons
The USPSTF recommends against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons”.1

Hormone Therapy 2022 Update for Chronic ConditionsIn Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Recommendation Summary, the USPSTF recommended:

“Postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy
The USPSTF recommends against the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy”.2

Recommendation Applies To

To whom does the USPSTF’s 2022 recommendation apply?

In Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Clinician Summary: To Whom Does This Recommendation Apply the USPSTF note:

“This recommendation applies to asymptomatic, postmenopausal persons who are considering hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic medical conditions. It does not apply to persons who are considering hormone therapy for the management of perimenopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes or vaginal dryness. It also does not apply to persons who have had premature menopause (primary ovarian insufficiency) or surgical menopause”.3

Health Care Provider

What if I choose to use HT to prevent chronic conditions?

If you choose to use HT to prevent chronic conditions, it may be in your best interest to also choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hormone Therapy 2022 Update for Chronic Conditions?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hormone Therapy 2022 Update for Chronic Conditions?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Women: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Recommendation Summary. 01 November 2022. U.S. Preventative Services Task Force https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication Accessed: 28 June 2024
  2. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Women: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Recommendation Summary. 01 November 2022. U.S. Preventative Services Task Force https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication Accessed: 28 June 2024
  3. Hormone Therapy In Postmenopausal Women: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions – Clinician Summary: To Whom Does This Recommendation Apply. 01 November 2022. U.S. Preventative Services Task Force https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication Accessed: 28 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 28 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 28 June 2024

“Sex and menopause are totally appropriate subjects
for discussion in the healthcare setting, and solutions
to midlife sexual problems are out there for the taking”.1

Umbrella

What may the Sexual Health Help Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Counseling
  • Psychosexual Therapy (PST)
  • Sex Counseling/Therapy
  • Sexual Advice

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with my sexual health?

If you would like help with your sexual health, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) reassure:

Sexual Health Help“Sex and menopause are totally appropriate subjects for discussion in the healthcare setting, and solutions to midlife sexual problems are out there for the taking”.2

In Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Talking To Your Healthcare Provider About Your Problem the NAMS also note:

“If your provider asks about your sex life or sexual function, don’t miss the opportunity to be frank and look for help. More important, if your provider doesn’t ask specifically about your sexual function, don’t be afraid to bring up a distressing sexual problem yourself when you’re asked, “How are you feeling?” Most providers today are comfortable addressing such a problem; if your provider is not, consider looking for another.

There is absolutely no need to suffer (or let your relationship suffer) in silence”.3

In Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships: What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Relationships the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health elaborate on:

“If you are in a relationship, it’s important to discuss your thoughts and problems openly with your partner.

Your partner may not know about menopausal symptoms or what you are going through.

You can ask them to read current information about menopause so they can support you through this time.

If you think these conversations may be difficult, you can:

  • Visit your doctor with your partner and discuss your concerns together
  • Visit a psychologist who specialises in couple’s therapy.

If you are experiencing menopausal symptoms or health issues that affect your daily life (including your sex life), it can have an impact on your relationship. It’s important to ask your partner for their understanding and support during this time”.4

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Sexual Health Help?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Sexual Health Help?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Sexual Health & Menopause Online. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online Accessed: 28 June 2024
  2. Sexual Health & Menopause Online. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online Accessed: 28 June 2024
  3. Sexual Health & Menopause Online: Talking To Your Health Care Provider About Your Problem. North America Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/sexual-health-menopause-online/effective-treatments-for-sexual-problems/talking-to-your-healthcare-provider-about-your-problem Accessed: 28 June 2024
  4. Looking After Yourself: Sex and Relationships: What Can Affect Your Sex Life? Relationships Last Updated: 19 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 28 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 28 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 28 June 2024

“Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty material (atheroma)
inside your arteries. It’s a potentially serious condition
that causes most heart attacks and strokes…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Atherosclerosis Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Hardening of the Arteries

Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis

Is there a difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?

In Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis: Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are sometimes used to mean the same thing, but there’s a difference between the two terms”.2

In What Is Atherosclerosis? Confused About Terms? the (United States) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) note:

Atherosclerosis is not the same as arteriosclerosis, which refers to “hardening of the arteries,” which means the arteries thicken and lose flexibility. Arteriosclerosis has several different causes. Atherosclerosis, which develops from fatty plaque buildup, is a common type of arteriosclerosis”.3

Atherosclerosis

What is atherosclerosis?

DotS the definition of atherosclerosis may vary. The Mayo Clinic’s definition is:

“Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis”.4

The NHLBI’s definition is:

“Atherosclerosis is a common condition that develops when a sticky substance called plaque builds up inside your arteries”.5

In Atherosclerosis the British Heart Foundation’s definition is:

“Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty material (atheroma) inside your arteries. It’s a potentially serious condition that causes most heart attacks and strokes but often goes unnoticed”.6

Cause

What causes atherosclerosis?

In What Is Atherosclerosis? How It Starts and How It Progresses the American Heart Association elaborate on:

“Atherosclerosis is a slow, lifelong progression of changes in the blood vessels that may start in childhood and get worse faster as you age.

Many scientists believe plaque begins when an artery’s inner lining becomes damaged. Four possible causes of such damage are:

  • Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
  • High blood pressure
  • Tobacco smoking, such as cigarettes
  • Diabetes.

Smoking plays a big role in the progression of atherosclerosis in the aorta (the body’s main artery), coronary arteries and arteries in the legs. Smoking makes fatty deposits more likely to form, and it speeds up the growth of plaque”.7

Common or Not

How common is atherosclerosis?

In Atherosclerosis: What Is the NHLBI note:

“Disease linked to atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States. About half of Americans between ages 45 and 84 have atherosclerosis and don’t know it”.8

Risk Factors

What are some atherosclerosis risk factors?

In Atherosclerosis: What Are the Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis? the (United States) Cleveland Clinic explain:

“There are many risk factors for atherosclerosis. You may be able to change some of these risk factors, but not others (like age).

Risk factors include:

  • Being older than age 45 (for people assigned male at birth or AMAB)
  • Being older than age 55 (for people assigned female at birth or AFAB)
  • Family history of premature cardiovascular disease. This means a close biological family member who’s AMAB received a cardiovascular disease diagnosis before age 45. Or, one who’s AFAB got a diagnosis before age 55
  • Diabetes
  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), especially high LDL cholesterol or high levels of a specific lipoprotein called lipoprotein (a)
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Smoking or tobacco use
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Eating foods high in saturated fat, trans fat, sodium and sugar”.9

Prevention

How can atherosclerosis be prevented?

In Atherosclerosis: Prevention – Can Atherosclerosis Be Prevented? according to the Cleveland Clinic:

Atherosclerosis“You may not be able to prevent atherosclerosis. But you can reduce your risk and lessen the effects of the disease. Here are some steps you can take:

  • Eat foods low in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium (salt) and sugar
  • Get regular physical activity. Start with short walks and build up to 30 minutes a day most days of the week
  • Keep a weight that’s healthy for you. Ask your provider what that should be
  • Manage any health conditions, especially diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol
  • Don’t use tobacco products
  • Have a yearly checkup with a healthcare provider”.10

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have atherosclerosis?

In Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: Symptoms – When To See A Doctor the Mayo Clinic explain:

“If you think you have atherosclerosis, talk to your health care provider. Also pay attention to early symptoms caused by a lack of blood flow, such as chest pain (angina), leg pain or numbness.

Early diagnosis and treatment can stop atherosclerosis from worsening and prevent a heart attack, stroke or another medical emergency”.11

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Atherosclerosis

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Atherosclerosis?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Atherosclerosis. Page Last Updated: September 2022. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/atherosclerosis Accessed: 27 June 2024
  2. Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis: Overview. 01 July 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350569 Accessed: 27 June 2024
  3. What Is Atherosclerosis? Confused About Terms? Last Updated: 24 March 2022. What Is. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/atherosclerosis Accessed: 27 June 2024
  4. Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis: Overview. 01 July 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350569 Accessed: 27 June 2024
  5. Atherosclerosis. What Is. Last Updated: 24 March 2022. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/atherosclerosis Accessed: 27 June 2024
  6. Atherosclerosis. Page Last Updated: September 2022. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/atherosclerosis Accessed: 27 June 2024
  7. What Is Atherosclerosis? How It Starts and How It Progresses. Last Reviewed: 16 February 2024. American Heart Association https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol/atherosclerosis Accessed: 27 June 2024
  8. Atherosclerosis. Last Updated: 24 March 2022. What Is. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/atherosclerosis Accessed: 27 June 2024
  9. Atherosclerosis: What Are the Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis? Last Reviewed: 15 February 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16753-atherosclerosis-arterial-disease Accessed: 27 June 2024
  10. Atherosclerosis: Prevention – Can Atherosclerosis Be Prevented? Last Reviewed: 15 February 2024. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16753-atherosclerosis-arterial-disease Accessed: 27 June 2024
  11. Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis: Symptoms & Causes – Overview: Symptoms – When To See A Doctor. 01 July 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350569 Accessed: 27 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 27 June 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 27 June 2024

“As a woman living with HIV, one of the most important relationships you will have is with your doctor. Finding the right doctor can have a big impact on your well-being…”.1

Umbrella

What may the HIV/AIDS Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • AIDS
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • HIV
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV

What is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

DotS the definition of HIV may vary. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition is:

“Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body’s immune system”.2

How can HIV be transmitted?

In HIV and AIDS: Transmission the WHO explain:

“HIV can be transmitted via the exchange of a variety of body fluids from people living with HIV, such as blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions. HIV can also be transmitted during pregnancy and delivery to the child. People cannot become infected through ordinary day-to-day contact such as kissing, hugging, shaking hands, or sharing personal objects, food or water”.3

AIDS

What is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

DotS the definition of AIDS may vary. The WHO’s definition is:

“Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of the disease”.4

In HIV and AIDS: Overview the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:

“AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the name used to describe a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when your immune system has been severely damaged by the HIV virus”.5

Common or Not

How common is HIV?

In HIV/AIDS: Key Facts the WHO note:

  • “There were an estimated 39.0 million [33.1–45.7 million] people living with HIV at the end of 2022, two thirds of whom (25.6 million) are in the WHO African Region”.6

Women

How many women are affected by HIV?

In HIV and Women the (United Kingdom) Avert’s, Be In the Know elaborate on:

  • “Of all new HIV infections in 2021, 49% were among women and girls”.7

In HIV and AIDS the Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov note:

“One in four people in the United States with HIV is female. In the United States, women are most likely to get HIV from having sex with a man”.8

HIV Test

How do you know if you have HIV?

In Get Tested for HIV: The Basics: Overview the (United States) MyHealthfinder elaborate on:

“The only way to know if you have HIV is to get tested. You could have HIV and still feel healthy”.9

STIs

Is there an association between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV?

In HIV: How HIV Spreads – Risk Factors: Other Sexually Transmitted Infections the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explain:

“If you have another sexually transmitted infection (STI), you may be more likely to get or transmit HIV. Getting tested and treated for STIs can lower your chances of getting or transmitting HIV and other STIs. If you’re sexually active, you and your partner(s) should get tested for STIs, even if you don’t have symptoms”.10

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and HIV?

In Menopause and HIV: Menopause In People Living With HIV dated January 2021, the (United Kingdom) Aidsmap explain:

“The interaction between menopause and HIV is under-researched, but the evidence base is growing.

Women living with HIV often experience menopausal symptoms. A number of studies have found that women living with HIV are more likely to experience symptoms than women who do not have HIV. This includes sexual symptoms such as a lack of interest in sex and vaginal dryness, bodily symptoms such as hot flushes, and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety”.11

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have HIV?

If you think you have HIV, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this as soon as possible.

In HIV and AIDS: Living With HIV – Finding Your HIV Care Team Womenshealth.gov elaborate on:

“As a woman living with HIV, one of the most important relationships you will have is with your doctor. Finding the right doctor can have a big impact on your well-being”.12

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to HIV/AIDS?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to HIV/AIDS?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. HIV and AIDS: Living With HIV – Finding Your HIV Care Team. Last Updated: 18 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv Accessed: 26 June 2024
  2. HIV and AIDS: Overview. 13 July 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids Accessed: 26 June 2024
  3. HI and AIDS: Transmission. 13 July 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids Accessed: 26 June 2024
  4. HIV and AIDS: Overview. 13 July 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids Accessed: 26 June 2024
  5. HIV and AIDS: Overview. Page Last Reviewed: 22 April 2021. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/ Accessed: 26 June 2024
  6. HIV and AIDS: Key Facts. 13 July 2023. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids Accessed: 26 June 2024
  7. HIV and Women. Last Updated: 31 March 2023. Last Full Review: 01 March 2022. Be In the Know https://www.beintheknow.org/understanding-hiv-epidemic/community/hiv-and-women Accessed: 26 June 2024
  8. HIV and AIDS. Page Last Updated: 18 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids Accessed: 26 June 2024
  9. Get Tested for HIV: The Basics: Overview. Content Last Updated: 26 June 2024. MyHealthfinder https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/hiv-and-other-stds/get-tested-hiv Accessed: 26 June 2024
  10. HIV: How HIV Spreads – Risk Factors: Other Sexually Transmitted Infections. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/causes/index.html Accessed: 26 June 2024
  11. Menopause and HIV: Menopause In People Living With HIV. January 2021. Aidsmap https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/menopause-and-hiv Accessed: 26 June 2024
  12. HIV and AIDS: Living With HIV – Finding Your HIV Care Team. Last Updated: 18 February 2021. Office on Women’s Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Womenshealth.gov https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv Accessed: 26 June 2024
Topic Last Updated: 18 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 26 June 2024