“Loss of ovarian function occurring in women younger than 40 years of age is called premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). POI may also be referred to as…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this umbrella may include:

  • Impending Menopause
  • Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)
  • Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

What is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or primary ovarian insufficiency?

DotS the definition of POI may vary. In Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the (United States) Mayo Clinic’s definition, dated 20 October 2023, is:

“Primary ovarian insufficiency occurs when the ovaries stop working as they should before age 40. When this happens, the ovaries don’t make the typical amounts of the hormone estrogen or release eggs regularly. The condition often leads to infertility. Another name for primary ovarian insufficiency is premature ovarian insufficiency. It also used to be called premature ovarian failure, but this term isn’t used anymore”.2

Premature Menopause

Is premature menopause the same as POI?

In Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms & Causes – Overview the Mayo Clinic also note:

“Sometimes, primary ovarian insufficiency is confused with premature menopause. But they aren’t the same. People with primary ovarian insufficiency can have irregular or occasional periods for years. They might even get pregnant. But people with premature menopause stop having periods and can’t become pregnant”.3

POI Common or Not

How common is POI?

In Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: How Common Is Premature Ovarian Insufficiency? You and Your Hormones, the (United States) Society for Endocrinology elaborate on:

“It is relatively uncommon, occurring in one in 1,000 women under the age of 30 years and 1-4% of women under the age of 40 years. Early menopause (less than 45 years) occurs in up to 12% of women”.4

POI and Periods

Can women with POI have periods?

In Menopause Before 40 and Spontaneous Premature Ovarian Insufficiency the Australasian Menopause Society (AMS) note:

“Women with spontaneous POI have irregular or no periods”.5

POI and Pregnancy

Can women with POI become pregnant?

In Premature and Early Menopause: What Causes Premature and Early Menopause? POI and Fertility the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health explain:

“If you have been diagnosed with POI and do not want to become pregnant, you should use contraception. Many women are unable to conceive a baby naturally after POI; however, there is a one in 50 chance of a spontaneous pregnancy”.6

POI and Menopausal Symptoms

Can women with POI have menopausal symptoms?

In Menopause Before 40 and Spontaneous Premature Ovarian Insufficiency the AMS note:

“Women may or may not have menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes”.7

POI Symptoms

What may be POI symptoms?

In Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI): Summary – What Are the Symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)? according to the (United States) Medline Plus:

“The first sign of POI is usually irregular or missed periods. Later symptoms may be similar to those of natural menopause:

  • Hot flashes
  • Night sweats
  • Irritability
  • Poor concentration
  • Decreased sex drive
  • Pain during sex
  • Vaginal dryness

For many women with POI, trouble getting pregnant or infertility is the reason they go to their health care provider”.8

Hormone Therapy

For women with POI, what is one of the recommendations about hormone therapy of the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause?

On page two in the Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause, first published online 10 June 2022, one of the recommendations is:

“Women with POI and early menopause (40–45 years old) should be advised that HRT is unlikely to increase risk of breast cancer in younger menopausal women under the age of 50. The meta-analysis by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer in 2019 reported that the use of HRT in postmenopausal women younger than 50 increases the risk of breast cancer diagnosis which contradicts previous evidence and advice to date. However, the control group, of age-matched postmenopausal women was inappropriate as an early menopause reduces breast cancer risk. Current recommendations are that the risk of breast cancer in relation to the years of HRT exposure in women with POI/early menopause should be counted from the average age of natural menopause (from the age 50 years)”.9

What is another recommendation of the Joint Position Statement?

On page four in the Joint Position Statement another recommendation is:

“Women with POI and early menopause (40–45 years old) should be advised to take hormone replacement at least until the average age of the menopause”.10

Chronic Disease

Is there an association between POI and chronic disease?

In Optimising Health After Early Menopause: Summary, published 05 March 2024, a paper included in The Lancet: Series From the Lancet Journal – Menopause 2024 also published on 05 March 2024, the authors note:

“Both early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency can herald an increased risk of chronic disease, including osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease”.11

Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences

What is the (Australian) Healthtalk Australia’s Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences?

In Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences – Overview Healthtalk Australia elaborate on:

“On this unique site you can read, watch and listen to stories of 30 women aged between 28 and 51 years, from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds living in Victoria, Australia, who have shared what it is like to experience early menopause (EM).

Women talked about being diagnosed with spontaneous early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), medically-induced early menopause, or menopausal symptoms as a result of cancer and/or other medical treatments”.12

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have POI?

If you think you have POI it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms – When To See A Doctor the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“If you’ve missed your period for three months or more, see your health care team to figure out the cause. You can miss your period for many reasons, such as pregnancy, stress, or a change in diet or exercise habits. But it’s best to get a health care checkup whenever your menstrual cycle changes.

Even if you don’t mind not having periods, see a health care professional to find out what’s causing the change. Low estrogen levels can lead to a condition that causes weak and brittle bones, called osteoporosis. Low levels of estrogen also can lead to heart disease”.13

In Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Treatment & Therapies the Endocrine Society explain:

“Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms or are at risk for serious health problems. Hormone therapy (HT) is the most common treatment. HT combines estrogen and progesterone, another sex hormone. HT relieves menopausal symptoms and also helps prevent osteoporosis. HT can be taken as a pill or applied to your skin as a patch. Vaginal rings can also supply estrogen to the body”.14

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Premature Ovarian Insufficiency?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Premature Ovarian Insufficiency?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Spontaneous Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Definitions and Epidemiology. Content Updated: September 2020. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/742-spontaneous-premature-ovarian-insufficiency Accessed: 01 August 2024
  2. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms – When To See A Doctor. 20 October 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ovarian-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20354683 Accessed: 01 August 2024
  3. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms – When To See A Doctor. 20 October 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ovarian-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20354683 Accessed: 01 August 2024
  4. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: How Common Is Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Last Reviewed: April 2022. You and Your Hormones, An Education Resource From the Society for Endocrinology https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/premature-ovarian-insufficiency/ Accessed: 01 August 2024
  5. Menopause Before 40 and Spontaneous Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Content Updated: October 2020. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-before-40-and-spontaneous-poi Accessed: 01 August 2024
  6. Premature and Early Menopause: What Causes Premature and Early Menopause? POI and Fertility. Last Updated: 05 July 2024. Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/premature-early-menopause Accessed: 01 August 2024
  7. Menopause Before 40 and Spontaneous Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Content Updated: October 2020. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/menopause-before-40-and-spontaneous-poi Accessed: 01 August 2024
  8. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Summary – What Are the Symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)? Last Updated: 05 May 2021. MedlinePlus https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html Accessed: 01 August 2024
  9. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 01 August 2024
  10. Hamoda, H., Mukherjee, A., Morris, E., Baldeweg, S. E., Jayasena, C. N., Briggs, P., Moger, S. Joint Position Statement By the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on Best Practice Recommendations for the Care of Women Experiencing the Menopause. First Published Online 10 June 2022:4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20533691221104879 Accessed: 01 August 2024
  11. Mishra, G. D. et al. Optimising Health After Early Menopause: Summary. 05 March 2024 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)02800-3/fulltext Accessed: 01 August 2024
  12. Early Menopause: Women’s Experiences – Overview. Healthtalk Australia https://healthtalkaustralia.org/early-menopause-experiences-and-perspectives-of-women-and-health-professionals/overview-womens-experiences/ Accessed: 01 August 2024
  13. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms – When To See A Doctor. 20 October 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ovarian-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20354683 Accessed: 01 August 2024
  14. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: How Is POI Treated? Last Updated: 24 January 2022. Endocrine Society https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/primary-ovarian-insuffiency Accessed: 01 August 2024
Topic Last Updated: 06 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 01 August 2024

“Approximately 15% of American adults (37.5 million) ages 18 and over report some trouble hearing, and about one in three people in the U.S. between the ages of 65 and…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Hearing Loss Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Hearing Changes/Decline/Difficulty/Impairment
  • Hearing Loss

Definition

What is hearing loss?

DotS the definition of hearing loss may vary. The (United States) MedlinePlus’ definition is:

“Hearing loss is being partly or totally unable to hear sound in one or both ears”.2

Symptoms

What may symptoms of hearing loss include?

In Hearing Loss: Considerations the MedlinePlus explain:

“Symptoms of hearing loss may include:

  • Certain sounds seem overly loud in one ear
  • Difficulty following conversations when two or more people are talking
  • Difficulty hearing in noisy areas
  • Trouble telling high-pitched sounds (such as “s” or “th”) from one another
  • Less trouble hearing men’s voices than women’s voices
  • Hearing voices as mumbled or slurred”.3

Cause

What may cause hearing loss?

In Hearing Loss: A Common Problem for Older Adults the (United States) National Institute on Aging (NIA) elaborate on:

“Hearing loss is a common problem caused by loud noise, aging, disease, and genetic variations. About one-third of older adults have hearing loss, and the chance of developing hearing loss increases with age”.4

Age-Related Hearing Loss

What is age-related hearing loss?

DotS the definition of age-related hearing loss may vary. The (United States) National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders’ (NIDCD) definition is:

“Age-related hearing loss (also called presbycusis, pronounced prez-buh-KYOO-sis) is hearing loss that occurs gradually for many of us as we grow older. It is one of the most common conditions affecting adults as we age”.5

Common or Not

How common is age-related hearing loss?

In Age-Related Hearing Loss: What Is Age-Related Hearing Loss? the NIDCD elaborate on:

“Approximately 15% of American adults (37.5 million) ages 18 and over report some trouble hearing, and about one in three people in the U.S. between the ages of 65 and 74 has hearing loss. Nearly half of those older than 75 have difficulty hearing”.6

Menopause

Is there a relationship between menopause and hearing loss?

The North American Menopause Society note:

“There is some evidence of a relationship between menopause and hearing, but it is unknown whether sex steroids, specifically estrogens, preserve hearing during aging”.7

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have hearing loss?

If you think you have hearing loss it may be in your best interest to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Hearing Loss: A Common Problem In Older Adults – Signs of Hearing Loss the NIA explain:

Hearing Loss“Some people have a hearing problem and don’t realize it. You should see your doctor if you:

  • Have trouble understanding what people are saying over the telephone
  • Find it hard to follow conversations when two or more people are talking
  • Often ask people to repeat what they are saying
  • Need to turn up the TV volume so loud that others complain
  • Have a problem understanding speech because of background noise
  • Think that others seem to mumble
  • Can’t understand what’s being said when children and people with higher pitched voices speak to you”.8

The MedlinePlus also note:

“When To Contact A Medical Professional

Contact your provider if:

  • Hearing problems interfere with your lifestyle
  • Hearing problems do not go away or become worse
  • The hearing is worse in one ear than the other
  • You have sudden, severe hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
  • You have other symptoms, such as ear pain, along with hearing problems
  • You have new headaches, weakness, or numbness anywhere on your body”.9

In Hearing Loss: Overview the (United Kingdom) NHS elaborated on:

“Hearing loss is common, particularly as you get older. See a GP if you have problems with your hearing. It could be caused by something that can be easily treated”.10

Who is a GP?

DotS and/or DotC (Depending on the Country) a GP may be a qualified and registered general practitioner, a medical practitioner, a medical doctor or a doctor.

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Hearing Loss?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Hearing Loss?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Age-Related Hearing Loss: What Is Age-Related Hearing Loss? Last Updated Date: 17 March 2023. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/Pages/Age-Related-Hearing-Loss.aspx Accessed: 30 July 2024
  2. Hearing Loss. Updated Date: 30 May 2022. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htm Accessed: 30 July 2024
  3. Hearing Loss: Considerations. Updated Date: 30 May 2022. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htm Accessed: 30 July 2024
  4. Hearing Loss: A Common Problem for Older Adults. Content Reviewed: 19 January 2023. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hearing-loss-common-problem-older-adults Accessed: 30 July 2024
  5. Age-Related Hearing Loss: What Is Age-Related Hearing Loss? Last Updated Date: 17 March 2023. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/Pages/Age-Related-Hearing-Loss.aspx Accessed: 30 July 2024
  6. Age-Related Hearing Loss: What Is Age-Related Hearing Loss? Last Updated Date: 17 March 2023. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/Pages/Age-Related-Hearing-Loss.aspx Accessed: 30 July 2024
  7. North American Menopause Society Menopause Guidebook: 5 Midlife Body Changes – Vision and Hearing: Hearing. 8th Edition 2015:42
  8. Hearing Loss: A Common Problem for Older Adults – Signs of Hearing Loss. Content Reviewed: 19 January 2023. National Institute on Aging https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hearing-loss-common-problem-older-adults Accessed: 30 July 2024
  9. Hearing Loss: When To Contact A Medical Professional. Updated Date: 30 May 2022. MedlinePlus https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htm Accessed: 30 July 2024
  10. Hearing Loss: Overview. Page Last Reviewed: 06 December 2021. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hearing-loss/ Accessed: 30 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 24 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 30 July 2024

“BMI is one measure that an individual
and their health care provider can use
to help determine chronic disease risk”.1

Definition

What is body mass index (BMI)?

Depending on the Source (DotS) the definition of BMI may vary. In Obesity: Overview – How To Tell If You’re Living With Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) the (United Kingdom) NHS’s definition is:

“BMI is a measure of whether you’re a healthy weight for your height”.2

The (United States) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s (NHLBI) definition is:

“Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women”.3

Calculate

How is BMI calculated?

In BMI: About Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI As A Measure the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) elaborate on:

“BMI is a calculated measure of a person’s body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of their height (in meters).

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)2”.4

Measure

What is BMI a useful measure of?

In Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk: Body Mass Index (BMI) the NHLBI explain:

“BMI is a useful measure of overweight and obesity. It is calculated from your height and weight. BMI is an estimate of body fat and a good gauge of your risk for diseases that can occur with more body fat. The higher your BMI, the higher your risk for certain diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, breathing problems, and certain cancers”.5

Ideal

What is an ideal BMI?

In Obesity: Overview – How To Tell If You’re Living With Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) the NHS note:

Body Mass Index“For most adults, if your BMI is:

  • 18.5 to 24.9 – you’re in the healthy weight range”.6

Limits

Does BMI have some limits?

The NHLBI explain:

“Although BMI can be used for most men and women, it does have some limits:

  • It may overestimate body fat in athletes and others who have a muscular build
  • It may underestimate body fat in older persons and others who have lost muscle”.7

In BMI: About Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI As A Measure the CDC also note:

“BMI does not distinguish between fat, muscle, and bone mass. These all influence a person’s weight. BMI does not indicate what types of fat people have. BMI also does not indicate where in the body that people carry fat”.8

Health Care Provider

What if I would like to find out more about my BMI?

If you would like to find out more about your BMI, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

“BMI is one measure that an individual and their health care provider can use to help determine chronic disease risk. For a more complete picture of an individual’s health, consider BMI with other factors:

  • Medical history, such as existing health conditions and family history
  • Health behaviors, such as diet, physical activity, and sleep
  • Physical exam findings, such as blood pressure and muscle mass
  • Laboratory findings, such as glucose and cholesterol levels”.9

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Body Mass Index?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Body Mass Index?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. BMI: About Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI for Individual Health. 20 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/ Accessed: 29 July 2024
  2. Obesity: Overview – How To Tell If You’re Living With Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI). Page Last Reviewed: 15 February 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/ Accessed: 29 July 2024
  3. Calculate Your Body Mass Index. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm Accessed: 29 July 2024
  4. BMI: About Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI As A Measure. 20 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/ Accessed: 29 July 2024
  5. Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk: Body Mass Index (BMI). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/risk.htm Accessed: 29 July 2024
  6. Obesity: Overview – How To Tell If You’re Living With Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI). Page Last Reviewed: 15 February 2023. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/ Accessed: 29 July 2024
  7. Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk: Body Mass Index (BMI). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/risk.htm Accessed: 29 July 2024
  8. BMI: About Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI As A Measure. 20 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/ Accessed: 29 July 2024
  9. BMI: About Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI for Individual Health. 20 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/ Accessed: 29 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 29 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 29 July 2024

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with
your doctor about your options and the risks and benefits
involved with each. Review your options yearly…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Physical Symptoms Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Climacteric Changes/Symptoms
  • Menopausal/Menopause Changes/Symptoms
  • Menopause-Related Changes/Symptoms
  • Perimenopausal/Perimenopause Changes/Symptoms

Physical Symptoms

What are some menopause physical symptoms?

In Symptoms of Menopause: Physical Symptoms the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) elaborate on:

“Physical Symptoms may include

  • Irregular periods
  • Menopause Physical SymptomsHot flushes
  • Night sweats
  • Sleep problems
  • Sore breasts
  • Itchy, crawly or dry skin
  • Exhaustion and fatigue
  • Dry vagina
  • Loss of sex drive (libido)
  • Headaches or migraines
  • More pronounced premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
  • Aches and pains
  • Bloating
  • Urinary problems
  • Weight gain due to a slower metabolism”.2

Health Care Provider

What if I would like help with some menopause physical symptoms?

If you would like help with some menopause physical symptoms, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Menopause: Symptoms – How Long Symptoms Last: Get Help for Symptoms the (United Kingdom) NHS note:

“Getting advice early can help reduce the impact perimenopause and menopause have on your health, relationships and work”.3

In Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment the (United States) Mayo Clinic explain:

“Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your doctor about your options and the risks and benefits involved with each. Review your options yearly, as your needs and treatment options may change”.4

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Menopause Physical Symptoms?

In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

Where may I find Links related to Menopause Physical Symptoms?

Your Country may have Links similar to:

Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 25 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 27 July 2024
  2. Symptoms of Menopause: Physical Symptoms. Last Updated: 21 April 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/menopause-symptoms Accessed: 27 July 2024
  3. Menopause: Symptoms – How Long Symptoms Last: Get Help for Symptoms. Page Last Reviewed: 17 May 2022. NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/menopause/symptoms/ Accessed: 27 July 2024
  4. Menopause: Diagnosis & Treatment – Treatment. 25 May 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401 Accessed: 27 July 2024

Topic Last Updated: 18 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 27 July 2024

“There are no obvious signs or symptoms of high blood
pressure, so you may not know you have it.
That’s why it’s important to have regular check-ups to…”.1

Umbrella

What may the High Blood Pressure Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Essential Hypertension
  • High Blood Pressure (HBP)
  • Hypertension
  • Idiopathic Hypertension
  • Primary Hypertension

Blood Pressure

What is blood pressure (BP)?

DotS the definition of BP may vary. The (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) definition is:

“Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body”.2

High Blood Pressure

What is high blood pressure (HBP)?

DotS the definition of HBP may vary. The British Heart Foundation’s (BHF) definition is:

“The medical term for high blood pressure is ‘hypertension’, and it means your blood pressure is always too high. This means your heart is working harder when pumping blood around your body”.3

Hypertension

What is hypertension?

DotS the definition of hypertension may vary. In Hypertension the World Health Organization’s definition is:

“Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure”.4

Normal Blood Pressure

What is a normal BP?

In High Blood Pressure: What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) the (United States) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) explain:

“Blood pressures are written as two numbers separated by a slash like this: 120/80 mm Hg. You can say this as “120 over 80 millimeters of mercury” or just as “120 over 80.” The first number is your systolic pressure — that’s the force of the blood flow when blood is pumped out of the heart. The second number is your diastolic pressure, which is measured between heartbeats when the heart is filling with blood”.

Your blood pressure changes throughout the day based on your activities. A healthy systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg. A healthy diastolic pressure is less than 80 mm Hg. Your blood pressure is high when you have consistent systolic readings of 130 mm Hg or higher, or diastolic readings of 80 mm Hg or higher”.5

High Blood Pressure Diagnosis

How is HBP diagnosed?

In High Blood Pressure: About High Blood Pressure – Definition of High Blood Pressure: What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)? the CDC elaborate on:

“The guidelines used to diagnose high blood pressure may differ from one health care provider to another:

  • Some health care professionals diagnose patients with high blood pressure if their blood pressure is consistently 140/90 mm Hg or higher….
  • Other health care professionals diagnose patients with high blood pressure if their blood pressure is consistently 130/80 mm Hg or higher…”.6

Signs and Symptoms

What are the signs and symptoms of HBP?

In Blood Pressure and Your Heart: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of High Blood Pressure? the Heart Foundation of Australia note:

“There are no obvious signs or symptoms of high blood pressure, so you may not know you have it. That’s why it’s important to have regular check-ups to measure your blood pressure levels and learn how to manage it”.7

Common or Not

How common is HBP?

In the United States, according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as at 11 April 2024:

“Nearly half, more than 119 million, American adults have high blood pressure. But only about 1 in 4 of those people have their condition under control. Many people develop high blood pressure when they are in their late 30’s or early 40’s, and it occurs more frequently as people age. However, because of the obesity epidemic, more and more children are also developing high blood pressure”.8

In the United Kingdom (UK), according to the BHF as at March 2023:

“As many as 5 million adults in the UK have undiagnosed high blood pressure and don’t know they are at risk”.9

Cause

What causes HBP?

In High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): What Causes High Blood Pressure? the BHF note:

“In most cases, there isn’t a specific reason for the cause of high blood pressure, but most people develop it because of their diet, lifestyle or medical condition”.10

Alcohol

Is there an association between alcohol and HBP?

In Alcohol: Does It Affect Blood Pressure? the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure to unhealthy levels. Having more than three drinks in one sitting temporarily raises blood pressure. Repeated binge drinking can lead to long-term increases in blood pressure”.11

Menopause

Is there an association between menopause and HBP?

In High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause the AHA’s Go Red for Women note:

High Blood Pressure“While you may have had normal blood pressure most of your life, your chances of developing high blood pressure increase considerably after menopause.

Heart disease risk rises for everyone as they age, but for women symptoms can become more evident after the onset of menopause”.12

In Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What’s the Connection? Is There A Connection Between Menopause and High Blood Pressure? the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“Blood pressure generally goes up after menopause. Some health care providers think changing hormones related to menopause may cause blood pressure to rise. Others think an increase in body mass index (BMI) during menopause may be to blame.

Changes in hormones during menopause can lead to weight gain. The changes also can make blood pressure more sensitive to salt in the diet. When this happens, blood pressure can go up. Some types of hormone therapy for menopause also may lead to higher blood pressure”.13

Early Detection

Why is early detection of HBP important?

In High Blood Pressure–Understanding the Silent Killer: Why Is It Important To Know If You Have High Blood Pressure?  FDA explain:

“Early detection of high blood pressure is very important. Often referred to as the “silent killer” because it may show no symptoms, high blood pressure puts you at an increased risk for heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, among other things”.14

Health Care Provider

What if I think I have HBP?

If you think you have HBP, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. The BHF explain:

“The only way to know whether you have high blood pressure is to have it measured. So, it’s important to get your blood pressure checked”.15

In High Blood Pressure: Managing High Blood Pressure – Creating A Care Plan With Your Health Care Team the CDC elaborate on:

“You and your health care team can work together to create a care plan for your high blood pressure and other conditions that can lead to high blood pressure. Discuss your treatment plan regularly and bring a list of questions to your appointments”.16

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to High Blood Pressure?

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Links

Where may I find Links related to High Blood Pressure?

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Sources

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  1. Blood Pressure and Your Heart: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of High Blood Pressure? Last Updated: 13 June 2024. Heart Foundation of Australia https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/Bundles/Your-heart/Blood-pressure-and-your-heart Accessed: 26 July 2024
  2. High Blood Pressure: About High Blood Pressure – Definition of Blood Pressure. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/ Accessed: 26 July 2024
  3. High Blood Pressure: What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)? Page Last Updated: March 2023. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/high-blood-pressure.aspx Accessed: 26 July 2024
  4. Hypertension. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/health-topics/hypertension#tab=tab_1 Accessed: 26 July 2024
  5. High Blood Pressure: What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Last Updated: 25 April 2024. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure Accessed: 26 July 2024
  6. High Blood Pressure: About High Blood Pressure – Definition of High Blood Pressure: What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)? 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/ Accessed: 26 July 2024
  7. Blood Pressure and Your Heart: What Are the Signs and Symptoms of High Blood Pressure? Last Updated: 13 June 2024. Heart Foundation of Australia https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/Bundles/Your-heart/Blood-pressure-and-your-heart Accessed: 26 July 2024
  8. High Blood Pressure–Understanding the Silent Killer: Who Is Affected By High Blood Pressure? Content Current As of: 11 April 2024. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/drugs/special-features/high-blood-pressure-understanding-silent-killer Accessed: 26 July 2024
  9. High Blood Pressure: Where Can I Get My Blood Pressure Measured or Tested? Page Last Updated: March 2023. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/risk-factors/high-blood-pressure Accessed: 26 July 2024
  10. High Blood Pressure: What Causes High Blood Pressure? Page Last Updated: March 2023. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/high-blood-pressure.aspx Accessed: 26 July 2024
  11. Alcohol: Does It Affect Blood Pressure? 20 October 2022. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058254 Accessed: 26 July 2024
  12. High Blood Pressure and Women: Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure and Menopause. American Heart Association https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/why-high-blood-pressure-is-a-silent-killer/high-blood-pressure-and-women Accessed: 26 July 2024
  13. Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What’s the Connection? Is There A Connection Between Menopause and High Blood Pressure? 11 July 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406 Accessed: 26 July 2024
  14. High Blood Pressure–Understanding the Silent Killer: Why Is It Important To Know If You Have High Blood Pressure? Content Current As of: 11 April 2024. Food and Drug Administration https://www.fda.gov/drugs/special-features/high-blood-pressure-understanding-silent-killer Accessed: 26 July 2024
  15. High Blood Pressure: Where Can I Get My Blood Pressure Measured or Tested? Page Last Updated: March 2023. British Heart Foundation https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/high-blood-pressure.aspx Accessed: 26 July 2024
  16. High Blood Pressure: Managing High Blood Pressure – Creating A Care Plan With Your Health Care Team. 15 May 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/living-with/index.html Accessed: 26 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 26 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 26 July 2024

“Conditions that can occur because of aging include weight gain, high blood pressure, glucose intolerance or diabetes, thyroid disorders, sleep apnea (disordered breathing)…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause or Aging Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Age-Related Changes
  • Menopause Changes/Symptoms
  • Normal Aging/Changes

Changes

Can menopause and aging cause changes women may experience during the menopause transition?

The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) explain:

“During the transition from the reproductive years through menopause and beyond, you will not only experience the physical changes caused by menopause, you will also experience the changes caused by normal aging”.2

Menopause

What are normal changes related to menopause?

The NAMS note:

Menopause or Aging“Normal changes related to menopause include hot flashes, difficulty sleeping, and vaginal dryness”.3

Aging

What changes may aging cause?

The NAMS explain:

“Conditions that can occur because of aging include weight gain, high blood pressure, glucose intolerance or diabetes, thyroid disorders, sleep apnea (disordered breathing), and an increased risk for heart disease and certain cancers”.4

In Menopause: Learn More – Wellbeing During Menopause the (German) Institute for Quality and Efficiency In Health Care also note:

“But not all physical and emotional changes during this phase of life are due to menopause. Mood swings, problems with concentration and memory, and physical problems like back ache aren’t directly caused by the hormonal changes. They can happen at any other age and be caused by many other things too. The higher risk of diseases such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are also related to growing older.

Even so, the menopause transition can be a good time to think about how to stay healthy or improve your health and wellbeing in older age”.5

Lifestyle, Stress, Genetic Risks

What may impact on changes caused by menopause and aging?

The NAMS explain:

“For women who also have an unhealthy lifestyle, high stress, or certain genetic risks, the changes caused by menopause and aging can be particularly challenging and difficult to sort out”.6

Health Care Provider

What if I am unsure about some changes taking place?

If you are unsure about some changes – any changes – taking place  – any where – it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. Together you can clarify your changes, discuss your options and if required, agree on who may be the most appropriate health care provider to help you.

Health Topics A-Z

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Sources

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Sources

  1. North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook: 1. An Introduction To Menopause. 8th Edition 2015: 2
  2. North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook: 1. An Introduction To Menopause. 8th Edition 2015: 2
  3. North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook: 1. An Introduction To Menopause. 8th Edition 2015: 2
  4. North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook: 1. An Introduction To Menopause. 8th Edition 2015: 2
  5. Menopause: Learn More – Wellbeing During Menopause. Last Update: 12 January 2023. Institute for Quality and Efficiency In Health Care https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072494/ Accessed: 26 July 2024
  6. North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook: 1. An Introduction To Menopause. 8th Edition 2015: 2
Topic Last Updated: 26 July 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 26 July 2024

“Many women think weight gain is part of menopause,
but it’s more likely due to ageing
and associated lifestyle changes”.1

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Weight Gain Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Belly Fat
  • Menopause Weight Gain
  • “Menopot”
  • “Middle Age Spread”

Menopause

Does menopause cause weight gain?

In Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight the (Australian) Jean Hailes for Women’s Health (JH) explain:

“Many women think weight gain is part of menopause, but it’s more likely due to ageing and associated lifestyle changes”.2

Aging and Lifestyle

Does aging cause weight gain?

In Attention To Nutrition, Exercise Can Combat Weight Gain, Other Symptoms In Menopause published 16 January 2024, the authors note:

“But most of the existing science suggests that weight gain through this phase is more the result of aging and changing lifestyle than menopause itself. Women experience many life changes through these years, which may include mood disorders, demanding careers, sleep issues, stress related to caregiving or divorce, onset of health issues and other factors that can affect lifestyle habits and weight”.3

Weight Gain

How much weight do women gain on average between the ages of 40 and 60 years?

In Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight the JH continue:

“Women tend to gain weight as they age, whether they are experiencing menopause or not. On average, women between the ages of 45 and 55 years gain about half a kilo per year.

Ageing causes a decrease in muscle mass, which slows down your metabolism. So, if your diet stays the same, you are likely to gain weight”.4

In Maintaining A Healthy Diet and Weight the European Menopause and Andropause Society note:

“Women gain on average 10 kg between the ages of 40 and 60 years, independently of menopause”.5

Weight Redistribution

What is the association between menopause and weight redistribution?

In Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated: So Does Menopause Cause Weight Gain?, published 12 March 2023, the author elaborates on:

“The short answer is no. But it’s complicated.

When it comes to menopause and weight, it’s weight redistribution – not weight gain – that is actually a symptom. Research has confirmed menopause is linked to an increase in belly fat but not an increase in overall weight”.6

In Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight the JH explain:

Menopause Weight Gain“Weight gain and increased abdominal (belly) fat is common among women at midlife.

Studies show that reduced levels of oestrogen around menopause cause fat to be stored on the waist, rather than the thighs and hips. In fact, belly fat in postmenopausal women accounts for between 15% and 20% of their total body fat. This compares with 5% to 8% in premenopausal women”.7

Menopause Symptoms

Is there an association between abdominal fat and menopause symptoms?

In Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight the JH note:

“Increased belly fat also increases menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes”.8

Health Risks

Is there an association between visceral fat and health risks?

In Menopause and Weight: Risks of Belly Fat the JH explain:

“It’s not healthy to carry too much weight, but weight around your belly has more significant health risks. Fat stored in this part of your body is also known as ‘visceral fat’.

Excess visceral fat is linked to:

  • An increased risk of heart disease (one of the leading causes of death for women in Australia)
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Breast cancer
  • Dementia”.9

On page one in Are Midlife Women Doomed To Gain Weight? the North American Menopause Society also note:

“All this added weight can worsen hot flashes while increasing a woman’s risk of cardiometabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Obesity also increases the risk of cancer in women, including breast and endometrial cancer”.10

Healthy Weight

How can a healthy weight be maintained?

In What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause – Postmenopause: Healthy Weight the JH elaborate on:


Menopause Weight Gain “It’s very important to maintain a healthy weight at this stage of life. You can do this by:

  • Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein and whole grains
  • Limiting your intake of processed foods, especially those high in fat and sugar
  • Getting regular exercise
  • Limiting alcohol intake
  • Drinking more water.11

In Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated: The Bottom Line: Can We Prevent Weight Gain During Menopause? the author elaborates on:

“Menopause itself does not cause weight gain; it unfortunately just occurs during a stage of life when other factors are likely to. The good news is weight gain associated with ageing is not inevitable, and there are many things women can do to avoid weight gain and health risks as they age and experience menopause.

Start with these six steps:

  1. Incorporate daily exercise into your routine, with a mixture of…
  2. Stop dieting…
  3. Curb your sugar cravings naturally…
  4. Create positive habits to minimise comfort-eating…
  5. Eat slowly and away from distractions…
  6. Switch off your technology for a minimum of one hour before bed to improve sleep quality”.12

In The Reality of Menopause Weight Gain: What’s the Best Way To Prevent Menopause Weight Gain? the (United States) Mayo Clinic elaborate on:

“There’s no magic formula for preventing — or reversing — menopause weight gain. But sticking to weight-control basics can help:

  1. Move more…
  2. Eat less…
  3. Check your sweet habit…
  4. Limit alcohol…
  5. Seek support…”.13

Health Care Provider

What if I would like support with weight loss?

If you would like support with weight loss, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

In Weight Control the (United States) National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) elaborate on:

“If you’re thinking about starting a new weight-loss program, talk with your health care provider, who can assess your weight and health risks, determine whether you need to lose weight, and provide information that will help you make informed decisions about an effective weight-loss program”.14

In Weight Control: Safety the NCCIH also caution:

  • “If you’re considering a dietary supplement for weight loss, remember that “natural” does not necessarily mean “safe””.15

Health Topics A-Z

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Sources

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Sources

  1. Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight. Last Updated: 09 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 24 July 2024
  2. Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight. Last Updated: 09 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 24 July 2024
  3. Ward, E., and Wright, H. Attention To Nutrition, Exercise Can Combat Weight Gain, Other Symptoms In Menopause. 16 January 2024 https://www.healio.com/news/womens-health-ob-gyn/20240112/attention-to-nutrition-exercise-can-combat-weight-gain-other-symptoms-in-menopause Accessed: 24 July 2024
  4. Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight. Last Updated: 09 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 24 July 2024
  5. Maintaining A Healthy Diet and Weight. 2022. European Menopause and Andropause Society https://emas-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Maintaining-a-healthy-diet-and-weight.pdf Accessed: 24 July 2024
  6. Fuller, N. Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated: So Does Menopause Cause Weight Gain? 12 March 2023. https://theconversation.com/is-menopause-making-me-put-on-weight-no-but-its-complicated-198308 Accessed: 24 July 2024
  7. Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight. Last Updated: 09 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 24 July 2024
  8. Looking After Yourself: Healthy Weight. Last Updated: 09 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/looking-after-yourself Accessed: 24 July 2024
  9. Menopause and Weight: Risks of Belly Fat. Updated: May 2023. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/resources/fact-sheets/menopause-and-weight Accessed: 24 July 2024
  10. Are Midlife Women Doomed To Gain Weight? 12 October 2022:1. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/docs/default-source/press-release/midlife-weight-gain-presentation-release.pdf Accessed: 24 July 2024
  11. What Is Menopause? Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause – Postmenopause: Healthy Weight Last Updated: 18 January 2024 | Last Reviewed: 19 August 2022. Jean Hailes for Women’s Health https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/about-menopause Accessed: 24 July 2024
  12. Fuller, N. Is Menopause Making Me Put on Weight? No, But It’s Complicated: The Bottom Line: Can We Prevent Weight Gain During Menopause? 12 March 2023. https://theconversation.com/is-menopause-making-me-put-on-weight-no-but-its-complicated-198308 Accessed: 24 July 2024
  13. The Reality of Menopause Weight Gain: What’s the Best Way To Prevent Menopause Weight Gain? 08 July 2023. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058 Accessed: 24 July 2024
  14. Weight Control. Last Updated: 24 September 2017. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/weight-control Accessed: 24 July 2024
  15. Weight Control: Safety. Last Updated: 24 September 2017. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/weight-control Accessed: 24 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 24 September 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 24 July 2024

“The risk of bowel cancer can be reduced by a healthy diet
with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, limiting
consumption of red meat, avoiding processed meats…”.1

Umbrella

What may the Bowel Cancer Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Bowel Cancer
  • Cancer of the Back Passage
  • Colon Cancer
  • Colorectal Cancer
  • Rectal Cancer/Cancer of the Rectum

Bowel Cancer

What is bowel cancer?

DotS the definition of bowel cancer may vary. The (United Kingdom) Cancer Research UK’s definition is:

“Bowel cancer is also called colorectal cancer. It affects the large bowel, which is made up of the colon and rectum”.2

Colorectal Cancer

What is colorectal cancer?

DotS the definition of colorectal cancer may vary. In Colorectal Cancer: About Colorectal Cancer – What Is Colorectal Cancer? the American Cancer Society’s (ACS) definition is:

“Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or the rectum. These cancers can also be called colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where they start. Colon cancer and rectal cancer are often grouped together because they have many features in common”.3

Colon Cancer

What is colon cancer?

DotS the definition of colon cancer may vary. The (United States) National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) definition is:

“Colon cancer
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of the large intestine). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids)”.4

Rectal Cancer

What is rectal cancer?

DotS the definition of rectal cancer may vary. The NCI’s definition is:

“Rectal cancer
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the rectum (the last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus)”.5

Risk

What can the risk of developing bowel cancer depend on?

In Bowel Cancer: What Is Bowel Cancer? Who Gets Bowel Cancer? Cancer Research UK elaborate on:

“The risk of developing bowel cancer depends on many factors, including:

  • Age
  • Genetics and family history
  • Medical conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Lynch syndrome, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
  • Diet and lifestyle factors”.6

Age

What is the association between age and the risk of developing bowel cancer?

In Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors – Key Points the (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention elaborate on:

“Your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you get older”.7

Bowel Cancer

Common or Not

How common is bowel cancer?

DotS, DotC, (Depending on the Country), DotY (Depending on the Year), or depending on excluding skin cancers or not; how common bowel cancer is may vary. In the United States according to the ACS:

“In the United States, colorectal cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and the fourth leading cause in women, but it’s the second most common cause of cancer deaths when numbers for men and women are combined”.8

In the United Kingdom (UK) according to Cancer Research UK:

“It is the 4th most common cancer in the UK”.9

In Australia according to the Cancer Council Australia:

“Bowel cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia, and it is estimated that one in 20 people will be diagnosed by the time they are 85”.10

Women

For women, what is the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer?

According to the ACS:

“Overall, the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is about 1 in 23 for men and 1 in 25 for women. However, each person’s risk might be higher or lower than this, depending on their risk factors for colorectal cancer”.11

Prevention

How can bowel cancer be prevented?

In Bowel Cancer: Preventing Bowel Cancer – How To Prevent Bowel Cancer and Reduce Your Risk the World Cancer Research Fund UK elaborate on:

“There are 5 key steps you can take to reduce your risk. All of them are based on research from our Continuous Update Project (CUP).

  1. Eat well…
  2. Be a healthy weight…
  3. Be more active…
  4. Don’t drink alcohol
  5. Don’t smoke”.12

In Bowel Cancer: Preventing Bowel Cancer the Cancer Council Australia explain:

“The risk of bowel cancer can be reduced by a healthy diet with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, limiting consumption of red meat, avoiding processed meats, not smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, being physically active, and maintaining a healthy body weight”.13

Health Care Provider

What if I think I am at risk for bowel cancer?

If you think you are at risk for bowel cancer, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this. In Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Basics – What It Is the CDC elaborate on:

“If you are 45 years old or older, talk to your doctor about screening. If you think you may be at increased risk for colorectal cancer, speak with your doctor about when to begin screening, which test is right for you, and how often to get tested”.14

Health Topics A-Z

Where may I find Health Topics A-Z related to Bowel Cancer?

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Links

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Sources

Where may I find the Sources quoted?

You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Bowel Cancer: Preventing Bowel Cancer. Last Updated: 01 September 2023. Cancer Council Australia https://cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  2. Bowel Cancer: What Is Bowel Cancer? Last Reviewed: 30 November 2021. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bowel-cancer/about-bowel-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  3. Colorectal Cancer: About Colorectal Cancer – What Is Colorectal Cancer? Last Revised: 29 January 2024. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/detailedguide/colorectal-cancer-what-is-colorectal-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  4. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms:  C – Colon Cancer. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/C Accessed: 24 July 2024
  5. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: R – Rectal Cancer. National Cancer Institute https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/expand/R Accessed: 24 July 2024
  6. Bowel Cancer: What Is Bowel Cancer? Who Gets Bowel Cancer? Last Reviewed: 30 November 2021. Cancer Research UK https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bowel-cancer/about-bowel-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  7. Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors – Key Points. 12 June 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/risk-factors/ Accessed: 24 July 2024
  8. Colorectal Cancer: About Colorectal Cancer – Key Statistics for Colorectal Cancer: How Common Is Colorectal Cancer? Last Revised: 29 January 2024. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html Accessed: 24 July 2024
  9. Bowel Cancer: What Is Bowel Cancer? How Common Is Bowel Cancer? Last Reviewed: 30 November 2021. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bowel-cancer/about-bowel-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  10. Bowel Cancer: What Is Bowel Cancer? Last Updated: 01 September 2023. Cancer Council Australia https://cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  11. Colorectal Cancer: About Colorectal Cancer – Key Statistics for Colorectal Cancer: Lifetime Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Last Revised: 29 January 2024. American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/detailedguide/colorectal-cancer-key-statistics Accessed: 24 July 2024
  12. Bowel Cancer: Preventing Bowel Cancer – How To Prevent Bowel Cancer and Reduce Your Risk. World Cancer Research Fund UK https://www.wcrf-uk.org/cancer-types/bowel-cancer/preventing-bowel-cancer/ Accessed: 24 July 2024
  13. Bowel Cancer: Preventing Bowel Cancer. Last Updated: 01 September 2023. Cancer Council Australia https://cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer Accessed: 24 July 2024
  14. Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Basics – What It Is. Last Reviewed: 12 June 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/about/ Accessed: 24 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 25 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 24 July 2024

Your Country’s menopause society website may include a menopause health care provider search feature, similar to the Australasian Menopause Society’s Find An AMS Doctor…

Umbrella

What may the Menopause Health Care Providers Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Certified Practitioners/Professionals/Providers
  • Clinicians
  • Doctors
  • General Practitioners (GPs)
  • Health Care Practitioners/Professionals/Providers
  • Health Practitioners/Professionals/Providers
  • Medical Practitioners/Professionals/Providers
  • Menopause Clinicians/Practitioners/Professionals/Providers
  • Physicians
  • Practitioners/Professionals/Providers
  • Qualified Health Care Practitioners/Professionals/Providers

Menopause Societies

Could my Country’s menopause society have a menopause health care provider search feature?

You may information about your Country’s menopause society in:

Menopause Society Health Care Provider Search Feature

Where may I find a menopause society health care provider search feature?

Your Country’s menopause society website may include a menopause health care provider search feature, similar to:

Australasian Menopause Society

What is the Australasian Menopause Society’s (AMS) search feature Find An AMS Doctor?

In Find An AMS Doctor the AMS explain:

“To help you find a doctor who is right for you, the AMS has assembled this search feature of AMS Members who:

  • Have a special interest in women’s health in midlife and menopause, and the promotion of healthy ageing, and
  • Have requested to be included on the list”.1

British Menopause Society

What is a BMS Menopause Specialist?

In BMS Menopause Specialists the BMS (British Menopause Society) explain:

“A menopause specialist is a healthcare professional who has additional knowledge and skills, assessing and treating women with complex needs such as multiple treatment failures, POI, complex medical problems, high risk cancer genes or hormone dependant cancer. They accept referrals of more complex patients and support colleagues to manage patients with higher risk factors or where there are multiple factors that affect decision making”.2

How can a BMS Menopause Specialist be found?

A BMS Menopause Specialist may be found in Find Your Nearest BMS Menopause Specialist.

Indian Menopause Society

How can an Indian Menopause Specialist be found?

The Indian Menopause Society include a list of “Qualified Menopause Professionals in India” on the home page of their website.

Menopause Society

What is a NCMP (NAMS Certified Menopause Practitioner)?

In What’s An NCMP? the Menopause Society (North America) elaborate on:

“A number of years ago, NAMS recognized a need to set essential standards for health providers, thereby assuring high-quality care for women at menopause and beyond. To meet this need, we developed a competency examination. All licensed healthcare providers are eligible to sit for this examination. Those who pass have demonstrated their expertise in the field and are awarded the credential of NCMP or NAMS Certified Menopause Practitioner. They receive a printed certificate and a lapel pin designating their achievement”.3

What is the NAMS’s search feature Find A Menopause Practitioner?

In Find A Menopause Practitioner the NAMS explain:

“To help you find a menopause clinician who is right for you, NAMS has assembled this search feature of health professionals who wish to provide healthcare for women through perimenopause and beyond. This is not a complete compilation but includes contact information for those NAMS members and NAMS Certified Menopause Practitioners (NCMPs) who have asked to be included on the list. Members and NCMPs who are not accepting new patients are not listed”.4

Health Topics A-Z

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In Health Topics A-Z you may find:

Links

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Sources

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You may find the Sources quoted at:

Sources

  1. Find An AMS Doctor. Content Updated: December 2022. Australasian Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/find-an-ams-doctor Accessed: 23 July 2024
  2. BMS Menopause Specialist. Website Last Reviewed: July 2024. British Menopause Society https://thebms.org.uk/menopause-specialists/overview/ Accessed: 23 July 2024
  3. What’s A NCMP? North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/whats-an-ncmp Accessed: 23 July 2024
  4. Find A Menopause Practitioner. North American Menopause Society https://www.menopause.org/for-women/find-a-menopause-practitioner Accessed: 23 July 2024
Topic Last Updated: 21 August 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 23 July 2024

Menopause News September 2024 includes
some evidence-based menopause news
by menopause societies and international sources.

Umbrella

What may the Menopause News September 2024 Umbrella include?

Depending on the Source (DotS) this Umbrella may include:

  • Latest News
  • Media Releases
  • Menopause News
  • News
  • Position Statements
  • Press Releases/Statements
  • Reports

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It can be important to be clear about the date of all information including the date of Menopause News, because this information may have been updated.

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If you would like to find out what Menopause News September 2024 is applicable to you, it may be in your best interest to choose to talk to your health care provider about this.

Menopause News September 2024

What is some Menopause News September 2024?

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Health Topics A-Z

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Topic Last Updated: 01 October 2024 – Topic Last Reviewed: 22 July 2024